Deddy Hermawan

PTB-A 2010
105534019

Tenses in English
1. Present Tenses (kala kini)
a) Simple present tense
Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi. Penggunaan tenses ini
biasanya dilengkapi dengan adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, never, seldom,
sometime, generally, normally, occasionally, hardly, rarely. Tense ini biasa dilengkapi
dengan adverb of time: every day, every week, every morning, once a week, twice a day,
three times a year, weekly, monthly.
Pola kalimat :
Kalimat Berkata Kerja
(+) Subject+ Kata Kerja bentuk pertama (Verb I) (s/es)+Object
(-) Subject+do/does not+V1
(?) Do/does+Subject+V1
Kalimat Tidak Berkata Kerja
(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
-I work in the office

- I dont work in the office

-do you work in the office?

-He catches a bird

-He doesnt catches a bird

-does he catches a bird?

-We are happy everytime

-We arent happy everytime

-are we happy everytime?

b) PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menunjukkan suatu kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung ketika si
penutur sedang berbicara. Tense ini biasanya diiringi adverb of time: now, at present, at
this moment, right now. Pengulangan suatu tindakan yang sama. Tindakan yang akan
segera dilakukan terutama menyangkut kata kerja gerak: go, come, do, walk, swim, run
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
-She is singing at the zoo

-she is not singing at the zoo

-is she singing at the zoo?

-I am studying English

-I am not studying English

-are you studying English?

-we are watch movie

-we are not watching movie

-are you watching movie?

c) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang.
Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang
belum lama terjadi. Menyatakan sesuatu pengalaman. Kata keterangan yang sering
disisipkan di antaranya: just, already, once, yet, not yet, since
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat

-I have painted this house

-I havent painted this house -have you painted this house?

- She has eaten some food

-she hasnt eaten some food -has she eaten some food?

-He has been here since 6am -He hasnt been here since 6am has he been here since 6am?

d) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini (berawal dari
satu titik waktu di masa lampau dan berlanjut terus hingga sekarang). Biasanya disisipi
keterangan since, for, sinceuntil.
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
-They have been sleeping since ten until now
-She has been working in the workshop
-Marina has not been learning english for two years
-Have you been reading a book for an hour?
2. Past tense (kala lampau)
a) SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Menunjukan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada waktu tertetu di masa lampau. Tense ini
biasanya diiringi kata keterangan waktu: yesterday, last week, last month, a week ago.
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb
(+) Subject + to be (was/were) + complement
(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh Kalimat
-We stopped the bus at the bus stop yesterday
-She wrote letter all day yesterday
-My parents were not home this afternoon
-She did not visit me yesterday
-Did you play football yesterday
b) PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Menunjukkan kegiatan, kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau ketika suatu
kejadian, kegiatan, atau peristiwa lain terjadi. Untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang sedang
terjadi di masa lampau
pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
-He was sleeping when I came

-I was working all night yesterday

-He was not sleeping when I came -I was not working all night yesterday
-Was he sleeping when I came ?

-were you working all night yesterday ?

c) PAST PERFECT TENSE

Menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dituntaskan di masa lampau sebelum suatu
kegiatan lain terjadi. juga digunakan untuk ungkapan seperti : I wish, as if/though and if
only.
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
-They had been here before 1945

-She had gone to Amsterdam when I called her

-They had not been here before 1945 -She had not gone to Amsterdam when I called her
-Had they been here before 1945?

-Had she gone to Amsterdam when you called her ?

d) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu tindakan yang dimulai di masa lalu dan
berlangsung sampai tindakan lain yang di masa lalu. kalimat pengandaian (Conditional Sentence)
Type III
pola kalimat
(+)Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object

(-)Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object

(?)Had + subject + been + object ?
Contoh kalimat
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ?
3. Present Future Tenses
a) SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi.
Membicarakan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan pada saat berbicara. Menawarkan sesuatu.
Menjanjikan sesuat. Menyetujui atau menolak sesuatu. Meminta seseorang untuk melakukan
sesuatu.
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(+) Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + object
(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?)Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object
Nb : going to digunakan dalam mengucapkan suatu rencana tindakan yg telah dibuat jauh2
will digunakan dalam mengucapkan suatu rencana tindakan yang baru saja kamu
pikirkan/belum direncanakan/spontanitas saat berbicara.
Contoh kalimat
-We will go to school soon

-The students are going to have a test next month

-We will not go to school soon

- The students are not going to have a test next

-Will we go to school soon ?

-Are the students going to have a test next month ?

b) FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

digunakan untuk menandakan bahwa kita akan berada ditengah-tengah suatu kejadian
dalam waktu tertentu di masa depan. untuk mengajukan pertanyaan dengan sopan tentang niat
seseorang.
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
-I will be watching a movie tonight
-I will not be watching a movie tonight
-Will you be watching a movie tonight ?
c) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang direncanakan telah tuntas atau dituntaskan di
masa yang akan datang. Kata keterangan yang digunakan misalnya: by then, by that time, in five
hours, in six years, Before, by tomorrow/7 oclock/next month, until/till
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Shall/will + subject + been + complement
(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
-I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
-will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
-Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning ?
- Majid will have rented my house next month
-Majid will not have rented my house next month
-Will Majid have rented my house next month ?
d) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan dating.
Ungkapan waktu yang umum digunakan By tomorrow / 8 oclock, This year / month / week,
Next year / month / week
Pola Kalimat.
(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
Contoh kalimat
-My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning
-My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning
-Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?
4. Conditional / Past Future Tense
a) PAST FUTURE TENSE
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang akan terjadi pada masa lalu (bukan masa
sekarang, kebalikan dari simple future tense).
Pola kalimat
(+)Subject + should/would + be + object
(+)Subject + should/would + verb I + object
(-)Subject + should/would + not + be + object
(-)Subject + should/would + not + verb + object
(?)Should/would + subject + be + object
(?)Should/would + subject + verb I + object ?
Contoh kalimat
-He should be in Banten next month
-He should not be in Banten next month
-Should he be in Banten next month ?
-I should be pick up when you arrive at the station tomorrow
-I should not be pick up when you arrive at the station tomorrow
-should you be pick up when I arrive at the station tomorrow ?
b) PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

untuk menceritakan suatu tindakan yang akan sedang terjadi pada masa lalu ( untuk yang
sedang terjadi di masa sekarang).
Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing
(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1
(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1
Contoh kalimat
-My brother would be finishing Thesis last week
-My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week
-Would your brother be finishing Thesis last week?
- I would be playing football
c) PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan tindakan yang akan sudah selesai di masa lalu
(silahkan bandingkan perbedaannya dengan Future Perfect Tense)
pola kalimat
(+)Subject + should/would + have + been + complement
(+)Subject + should/would + have + verb III + object
(-)Subject + should/would + not + have + been + complement
(-)Subject + should/would + not + have + verb III + object
(?)Should/would + subject + have + been + complement ?
(?)Should/would + subject + have + verb III + object ?
Contoh kalimat
-My mother should have been here at nine oclock tomorrow
-My mother should not have been here at nine oclock tomorrow
-Should your mother have been here at nine oclock tomorrow ?
-Jono would have worked in leading companies next month
-jono will not have worked in leading companies next month
-Will jono have worked in leading companies next month ?
d) PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang akan sudah sedang terjadi pada masa
lalu. memiliki persamaan dengan future perfect continuous tense.
Pola kalimat
(+)Subject + should/would + have + been + verb-ing + object
(-)Subject + should/would + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
(?)Should/would + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object ?
Contoh kalimat
-I would have working in leading companies for 10 years
-I would not have working in leading companies for 10 years
-Would you have working in leading companies for 10 years ?