Phases of Restore/Recovery:

A restore is a multiphase process. The possible phases of a restore include the

data copy, roll forward, Recovery Point, roll back.
Data Copy Phase:
The first phase in any restore process is the data copy phase. The data copy pha
se initializes the contents of the database, files, or pages being restored.
Roll Forward (Redo):
Redo (or roll forward) is the process of redoing logged changes to the data in t
he roll forward set to bring the data forward in time.
Recovery Point:
The goal of roll forward is to return the data to its original state at the reco
very point. The recovery point is the point to which the user specifies that the
set of data be recovered.
Rollbackward (Undo):
After the redo phase has rolled forward all the log transactions, a database typ
ically contains changes made by transactions that are uncommitted at the recover
y point.
The recovery process opens the transaction log to identify uncommitted transacti
ons. Uncommitted transactions are undone by being rolled back. This step, is ca
lled the undo (or roll back) phase.