Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban

Design Approach
Arif KUSUMAWANTO1, Ferdy SABONO2, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI3
1

Associate Professor at Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering,

University of Gadjah Mada.
2

Master Student at Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering,

University of Gadjah Mada.
3

Researcher at Department of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, University

of Gadjah Mada.
INDONESIA
arifk@ugm.ac.id, ferdy.sabono@yahoo.com, zulaikhabudiastuti@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Zero waste concepts pursue people to do active process in the waste management
by applying the principle of 3R: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. It supports the
objective of sustainable design to meet social and economic needs through
architecture while minimizing the impacts to the environment. This is the chance of
architects and urban planners to take part for helping urban areas to gain better
quality of life.
Pantai Baru Pandansimo in Bantul Yogyakarta is a developing marine tourist
area. It has a beautiful landscape of touristic area because of the Casuarina
plantation which brings comfort microclimate. It is attracting people to come and
enjoy this beach. In this development phase, waste generation are shown. To solve
the problems, the villagers found a community development group to organize
themselves in managing the beach, Gadjah Mada University proposed green urban
design for the new master plan, and Bantul Regency fully supports the
implementation of research results in their annual programs. Although the
implementation of the master plan has not completed yet, the public engagement is
intensively attached in this process
Keywords: Zero Waste Concepts, Master Plan, Green Urban Design, Public
Engagement.

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, waste is one of the causes of environmental damage in the various
regions. The high rate population growth will produce more waste comparing to the
period before. In a touristic area, the more it can attract visitors, the more garbage
is generated.
Pantai Baru is the coastal area that is recently developed as a marine tourist site in
Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province. It has new image of the landscape, the
activities of the villagers, and the renewable energy implementation which have
attracted more people to come. The number of visitors has increased yearly, in
2010: 36.004 people and in 2012 it becomes 129.848 people.
Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

Pantai Baru recently faces waste problems. The increasing number of waste is
happened due to the increasing number of visitors. Lack of handling and processing
waste management, supply of physical facilities, and minimum provision of
dumpsters supplied in case of quantity, condition and capacity of trash, lead to the
accumulation of wastes.
In order to create a better area of Pantai Baru, a master plan is proposed. It is an
approach through design praxis and spatial analysis to help people manage the
waste easier. The circulation system and street networks are designed to be wellconnected to support waste mobility from the produce points to the waste handle
infrastructures. The zero waste concepts will put added value into the waste to be
new products to support the villagers daily activities.
The process of designing the master plan has involved the villagers, the government
of Bantul Regency, and the researchers from Gadjah Mada University. The
villagers as the main roles for the development are cooperative to have idea sharing
about their concern to the beach developments. It is supported by the Bantul
Regency who accommodates the villagers and the researchers to implement the
master plan concepts. The engagement of those three stakeholders determines the
successfully of the master plan implementation.

ZERO WASTE CONCEPTS

Definition of zero waste according to the Zero Waste International Alliance (2004)
is: a goal that is ethical, economical, efficiently and visionary, to guide people in
changing their lifestyles and practices to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where
all discarded materials are designed to become resources for others to use. Zero
Waste means designing and managing products and processes to systematically
avoid and eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and
recover all resources, and not burn or bury them. Implementing Zero Waste will
eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that are a threat to planetary, human,
animal or plant health..
The application of the concept of zero waste in the 3R General Guidelines
Settlements and Regions are divided into two methods, those are: (1) handling of
waste should no longer be based solely on the collection activity of transport and
garbage disposal and (2) handling of household waste and the region area is
expected to implement the minimization efforts by reducing, reusing and recycling
waste generated. There are some cities who has implemented zero waste concepts
in their solid waste management city, those are: San Francisco, Stockholm, and
Adelaide. According to research which is conducted by Zaman and Lehman (2013),
San Francisco becomes closest to achieving zero waste than the other two cities due
to its emphasis on reusing solid waste. San Francisco has struggled to involve all of
the citizens in order to separate the trash and recycle all of possible trash which still
can be source for other goods.

GREEN URBAN DESIGN

Green urban design is formulated by Kyushu University as Sustainable Habitat
System in a mathematic model as in Figure 1 below. It is a simple model of T=WD.
Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

Figure 1. the theory of T= W - D

Source: Kawase (2007)

The result of this green urban design theory is Throughput which theoretically
should be reached at maximum results. To reach this condition, the Welfare value
should be at a maximal condition which is influenced by safety, relief, health, and
comfort. The impact of the urban design should be at the minimum level especially
to environmental damage which is influenced by Life Cycle Energy, Life Cycle
CO2, and Life Cycle Cost.
Car-free zone, pedestrian area and biking area are the implementation of the green
urban concepts. It reduces energy consumption, air pollution and makes people
healthier. To encourage people want to walk, the walkable and compact area should
be designed. The using of renewable energy is contributed to the reducing
environmental damage however the safety methods should be the first concern in
the implementation. The waste recycling process will protect earth from several
pollutions and provide new useful products for human daily life. The balance
should be kept in order to achieve safety, relief, healthy, and comfort as the welfare
indicators.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Sustainable tourism is defined by the United Nations World Tourism Organization
as tourism that delivers positive economic, social and environmental outcomes with
consideration to the needs of the visitor, industry, community, and environment. It
is the respond of tourist development nowadays which always brings impacts to its
area itself. Sustainable tourism has been derived from the sustainability definition
of Brundtland Report (1987) as tourism that meets the needs of present tourists and
host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the future. Sustainable
tourism should involve economic aspect: sustainable tourism projects should be
profitable and provide jobs for the local economy in short and long term, social
aspect: sustainable tourism should be acceptable to the majority of people who live
in the area (including promoters, employers and local community), and environment
aspect: sustainable tourism aims to safeguard the environment from its own
intrinsic value and as a resource for tourism. Sustainable tourism is difficult to be
achieved in the implementation. Though, Dumbraveanu (2004) concluded that
sustainable tourism theory is useful in to planning for tourism activities.

Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

Public Engagement in the Master Plan of Pandansimo Baru

Beach Proposing Process
Due to the willingness of the villagers to have developing beach area in a longest
time, the villagers are really concerning to their beach development. They do realize
that clean and comfort beach is the main points to keep visitors coming. They do
realize that tourism industry will generate economic welfare and they do realize that
tourist industry also can destroy their investment if mismanagement is happened.
Pantai Baru beach at the beginning is a renewable energy park as the research area
of energy hybrid by National Research Agency. In this remote coastal area a
neighborhood is exist and have an energy distribution problems. As the agriculture
villages, most of the villagers have livestock which can produce renewable energy
through biogas processing of the manure. At the next development, people start to
visit this beach for leisure and enjoy sea food which served by the villagers who
opened restaurants. There is a new energy demand for cooking in the restaurants
kitchens which can be supported by the biogas energy. Since at that time, the green
behavior has been attached in the villagers daily activities.
When the waste problems came, the researchers and the villagers have depth
discussion to solve the problems. Both of them identified the waste generation
based on the land use system. This area consists of the housing area (3,5 Ha) has
been inhabited by 30 houses of villagers who work as fisherman or farmer or tourist
entrepreneur. This housing area produce 585 L per day of household garbage in
average and 87,75 L per day of plastic garbage. The livestock complex (1,7 Ha)
consists of 120 cow-houses which produces manure for 400 L per day. The open
green area (12 Ha) consists of paddys fields which produce organic garbage. There
are also fish ponds which cultivate by the villagers to produce freshwater fishes.
The tourist area (6,8 Ha) consists of renewable energy complex and the beach
which generates plastic garbage: 128,7 L per day, organic waste from the
restaurants: 105 L per day, and leaves waste: 264 L per day.

Figure 2. existing condition of Pandansimo Baru Beach

Source: overlay on Google Earth 2014

Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

According to zero waste concepts, waste is new sources for another product. From
the waste identification and territory identification, waste of Casuarina leaves can
be recycled as compost fertilizer (Darmawi, 2013). Waste of fish bones and shrimp
skins can be recycled to be fish food. The fish food can supply the demand of fish
food in this area since some villagers also cultivated ground fish to supply the
restaurants (Fitriyani, 2013). The socialization of recycling process of leaves waste
and fish waste has been done in 2013. The villagers are intensively participated.

Figure 3. the socialization of recycling leaves waste and fish waste

Afterward, the villagers agree to provide a place to do recycle of leaves waste and
the Government will provide the machine to process the compost. Today, the
implementation and procurement is still in process. The fish waste has attracted one
of the villagers to collect the waste and process it to be fish food individually. The
small amount of fish waste is difficult to be processed by group therefore the
existence of individual recycler will help the area from the pollution of fish waste.
In sum, if Pantai Baru is recycling the waste, all of leaves waste can be composted,
an-organic waste can be sold, and 60% of fish waste can be changed to be fish food.
The waste reduction can be reached significantly (see Diagram 1).

Diagram 1. graphic of waste production with and without management

Source: Sabono (2013), Darmawi (2013), Fitriyani (2013)

To adopt the villagers needs and to have well-managed waste, a master plan is
proposed. Based on the architectural analysis, there are some physicals elements
which forming this area to be green based on zero waste concepts. Those are: land
use, waste management, green open space, signage, and car-free zone. (1) Land Use
is considering the land proportion for waste processing. The existence of this
facility will create a new attraction for Pandansimo Baru Beach and enhance its
Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

education tourism. (2) Waste management is including waste buns facilities, waste
separating house, composting house, and the system to collect the waste. (3) Green
open space and vegetation as the dominant elements in the area represent the green
concepts. (4) Signage and marker elements to inform the visitors about the site
including waste disposal locations and the zero waste concepts which is
implemented in this area (5) Car-free zone is including street networking which
separates the hard modes, soft modes, and pedestrian. Parking facilities
accommodates the consequence of car-free area. The pedestrian path is designed as
the main lines which will provoke people to do more walk. To support the
pedestrian path, in the surrounding line will be put bench for resting and waste bins
every 50 meter. The layout of master plan can be seen on the Figure 4 below.

Figure 4. master plan of Pandansimo Baru Beach

Source: Sabono (2013)

The master plan concept has been socialized to the villagers and Bantul Regency. In
July 2013, the Head of Bantul Regency and the Dean of Faculty of Engineering of
Gadjah Mada University declared Pantai Baru Pandansimo as Zero Waste Area.

Figure 5. socialization of the master plan concept to the villagers and the declaration of
Pantai Baru Pandansimo as zero waste area by The Head of Bantul Regency in July 2013
Source: Sabono (2013)

After the declaration ceremony, Bantul Regency put some information posters to
warn visitors to take care of their trashes. They also put more trash baskets in the
beach to avoid trash strewn. The villagers especially the tourist entrepreneur has put
Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

more attention to the fish waste which has been discarded separately to be collected
by the head of kampong who will recycle it.

GREEN URBAN DESIGN ANALYSIS ON PANDANSIMO

BARU BEACH
Although the master plan has not applied completely, there are some advantages of
green and zero waste concepts which can be fruit filled by this area. In order to
examine how green is the master plan of Pantai Baru Pandansimo, here is its
qualitative analysis. The examination will be according to Kawase (2007), the
theory of green urban design. Table 1 is the resume.
Table 1. T= W-D resume for Pandansimo Baru Beach (qualitatively)
T = W-D

Welfare > Damage

W= Welfare
Sa: Safety

The pedestrian path will make this area safer for walking and the existence of
Casuarina trees will make this area safer from wind and abrasion.

More
(+)

R: Relief

The culinary areas will attract visitors to enjoy the food and bring economic
values and the using of renewable energy will reduce the amount of money to
provide gasoline.

More
(+)

H: Health

The number of waste will be reduced by applying the zero waste concepts in
the master plan and encouraging people to do walk in the tourist area will make
the air quality fresher.

More
(+)

C: Comfort

Doing leisure in this area will bring more comfort. Less air pollution and land
pollution from the waste. The existence of Casuarina trees will create shadow
which makes the area cooler.

More
(+)

Se: Sense

This tourist area will give opportunity to the people to have social contacts.

More
(+)

D: Environmental damage.
Life Cycle
Energy

By walking, the energy of motor vehicle can be safe. It is cheap and healthy.

Less

The renewable energy available will bring this area to the sustainable energy
stage.

(-)

Life Cycle
CO2

By processing the waste becomes fertilizer compost and other products will
reduce the CH4 and CO2 productions.

Less

Life Cycle
Cost

Environment cost is lesser since the reduction of pollution number.

Less

(-)
(-)

Qualitatively, each element of the zero waste concepts on the master plan of
Pandansimo Baru Beach contributes on the increasing number of welfare
components and the reducing number of environmental damage.

CONCLUSIONS
The proposing of a master plan should involve the stakeholders in order to
understand the area better, to know the problems and to meet it with the solvers.
The villagers are attached in the design process from planning until action phase
and the government has fully supported the process.
The master plan will guide the waste management process which based on the 3R
principles. Based on the architectural analysis, there are some physicals elements
which forming this area to be green based on zero waste concepts. Those are: land
Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.

Arte-Polis 5 Intl Conference Reflections on Creativity: Public Engagement and the Making of Place

use, waste management, green open space, signage, and car-free zone. Through this
forming, the waste reduction is predicted for 60% while for the homogenous waste
such as manure and Casuarina leaves can totally be recycled.
The green urban design analysis (Kawase, 2007) on this master plan qualitatively
shows that the welfare shows higher condition and the environmental damage is
lesser. This master plan can be considered as design praxis to achieve sustainable
tourism area.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors acknowledge Indonesian Ministry of Education for the research fund in
the scheme of Comprehensive Research 2013. Acknowledgement is addressed to
Faculty of Engineering of Gadjah Mada University, Department of Architecture and
Planning Faculty of Engineering of Gadjah Mada University, Bantul Regency for
the research collaboration, and the villagers of Pantai Baru Pandansimo.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
DARMAWI, Ahmad (2013) Composting process of Casuarina Leaves as an Effort
to create Zero Waste Area in Pandansimo Baru Beach. Yogyakarta:
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University
DUMBRAVEANU, Daniela (2004) Principles and Practice of Sustainable Tourism
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FITRIYANI, Rizky (2013) Recycling Fish Bones Wastes as Fish Food to to create
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Zero Waste Pandansimo Master Plan, A Green Urban Design Approach. Arif KUSUMAWANTO,
Ferdy SABONO, Zulaikha Budi ASTUTI.