WaniKani

Verb Conjugation Check-In

Draft Levels 3-9
11/23/15

BreadstickNinja is responsible for any errors in this document.

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Level 3: Ichidan or Godan?

There are two major categories of verbs in Japanese: ichidan () or ru-verbs, and
godan () or u-verbs. (The reason for these terms will become clear later on.)
Nearly all the verbs fall into one of these two categories, and knowing the difference
between them is very important for knowing how to conjugate verbs. By looking at
the ending of a verb in dictionary form, sometimes you can easily tell which type it is,
as illustrated in this crudely-drawn flow chart:

Find a
verb

Ends in
iru or
eru?

Yes

Either ichidan or
godan. Memorize!

No, ends in some

other u sound

Godan

From the flow chart, you can see that for most verb endings (, , , , , , ,
and ), you know right away that the verb is godan. You also know right away that
verbs ending in -aru (, to leave), -uru (, to sell), and -oru (, to take)
are godan. For verbs that end in -iru or -eru, youll have to memorize whether theyre
ichidan or godan.
Exercise: For the verbs youve learned on WaniKani through Level 3, identify whether
the verb is ichidan or godan. Since were learning kanji here, you can write and
in kanji, if you want to be fancy. Mind your stroke order when writing.

ichidan

Verb

Reading

godan

Verb
Reading

Level 3: Ichidan or Godan?

Verb

Reading

Verb

Reading

Level : Present Affirmative

The first verb conjugation youll learn is the present. Present verbs in Japanese can
refer both to actions that are happening now and actions that will happen in the
future. (Thats why this form is sometimes called the non-past.) Youll also learn two
forms of these verbs: plain and polite. The plain is what you use with your friends; the
polite form is what you use with your boss. It gets a little more complicated later on,
but thats a good way to think about it for now.
First well practice the affirmative, or how to say something is happening. Next
lesson, well practice the negative, or how to say something isnt happening. The plain
affirmative form is easy: its exactly the same as the dictionary form! The polite form
might also be familiar to you, and ends in -. How you make the polite form is
slightly different depending on whether the verb is (ichidan) or (godan).

Making the polite affirmative:

verb

Drop

verb

Change final
vowel to

Examples:

Add

Level : Present Affirmative

As you can see in the flow chart, you need to change the final vowel to to make
the - stem for a verb. Make sure you know your kana well so you know how
to change the final syllable to its variant.

Exercise: Write out the plain and polite affirmative forms for the verbs youve learned
through WaniKani Level 4. Make sure to use the correct stroke order for the kanji. You
can find it on Jisho.org if youre not sure.

Verb
Plain

Polite

Verb

Plain

Polite

Review Exercise: Identify whether the verbs youve learned in WaniKani Level 4 are
ichidan () or godan (). You probably had to figure this out for the exercise
you just did, so it should be easy! Do you remember how to write and ?

Verb
Reading

Verb

Reading

Level 5: Present Negative

Forming the negative for the polite form is easy, as well see in a minute. Forming the
negative for the plain form is a little bit more difficult, because its going to involve
changing the final vowel for godan () verbs again. In last levels check-in, we
learned how to change the final vowel to . But the reason for the (5) in is
that well eventually need to use all five vowels to make all the stems for godan
verbs, depending on the form.
We already know the form that uses the dictionary form and one of the forms
that uses the polite form. For the plain negative, well learn how to use as well.
The wheels below show how the central syllable, the ending for the dictionary form,
changes to form different stems. Just focus on the lighter blue endings for now. Well
get to the others later, and also learn the fancy Japanese names for all of them.

* Note: Make sure to notice that changes to and not for this stem!
5

Level 5: Present Negative

For ichidan () verbs, the plain negative is formed by dropping the final from
the dictionary form and adding -. For godan () verbs, the plain negative is
formed by changing the final vowel to and adding -.
For both kinds of verbs, the polite negative is formed the same way as the - form,
except using the ending -.

Making the plain negative:

verb

Drop

verb

Change final
vowel to

Examples:

Add

Making the polite negative:

verb

Drop

verb

Change final
vowel to

Examples:

Add

Exercise: Write out the plain and polite negative forms for the verbs youve learned
through WaniKani Level 5. Make sure to use the correct stroke order for the kanji. You
can find it on Jisho.org if youre not sure.

Verb

Plain Neg.

Polite Neg.

Verb

Plain Neg.

Polite Neg.

Level 5: Present Negative

Thought you were done, eh? Keep writing those negative forms. Make sure you know
whether the - ones are or , or you wont get the right answer!

Verb

Plain Neg.

Polite Neg.

Verb

Plain Neg.

Polite Neg.

Review Exercise: You now know four forms of a verb, the present tense plain and
polite, affirmative and negative forms.

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Kuma Invasion Irregular Verbs

Listen up, maggots! Breads going easy on you. Two of the most important
verbs in Japanese arent even
or . Theyre irregular, and the verbs

are (to do, to make) and (to come). Pay extra attention to how
the stem of changes. Now quit slacking and learn em!

Plain

Polite

Plain

Aff.

Aff.

Neg.

Neg.

Polite

Level 6: -Adjectives
Did you know that -adjectives are a kind of verb? That is to say, they function
grammatically as verbs. They inflect (change their ending) like verbs to indicate tense
and mood. And just like verbs, their plain present form is identical to their dictionary
form.
Lets look at the conjugation of an -adjective in the present tense, and for the first
time, the past tense as well. As with verbs, think about the stem of the adjective and
the different endings that attach to the stem for different conjugations.

- Big
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Okay, I know thats a lot of information at once. But lets look at some patterns that
will make these forms easier to remember. Well look at the plain form first.

Affirmative

Negative

Present

Past

Dictionary form

-adj

Drop
Add

Change to
Add

Drop
Add

Not so bad, is it? There are really only two rules here. To go from present affirmative
to negative, you change the end of the adjectives stem from to and add . To
go from present to past, in both affirmative and negative, you drop and add .
Even better, once you know those two rules, you can make all the polite forms with
just one more rule: Add .
Still, it will probably take some practice to get comfortable with these conjugations, so
head to the next page and give it a shot.
8

Level 6: -Adjectives
Exercise: Write the meaning of the following -adjectives youve learned on
WaniKani and conjugate them into their affirmative and negative plain forms. For the
last one, prove that you can add to things by filling in the polite form as well.
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

There are a couple mistakes that learners often make that you
should be extra careful to avoid!
Mistake #1: Using with an -adjective
Since the polite form of an -adjective uses the polite copula
, sometimes learners assume that you can use the plain
copula with -adjectives as well. Well, you cant! The plain
form of the adjective is complete on its own. If you want to say,
Its big, in the plain form, you just say ! You cant say
. Thats bad grammar.
Mistake #2: Conjugating after -adjectives
Keep in mind that you always just add to make an -adjective into its polite form,
even with adjectives in the past tense. Sometimes learners are tempted to change into
its past tense form () when using it with the past tense conjugations of -adjectives,
but this is wrong! The ending means the -adjective is already in the past tense. Just
use .
9

Level 6: -Adjectives
Exercise: Swear before the mighty Crabigator that you will not make these mistakes.
We still have one column left in our -adjective conjugation table, and thats the
more polite forms. You can make all these forms from the dictionary form, so Ive
grayed out the other plain conjugations:
- Big
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Very Polite
*

* Note: The form is no longer used in modern speech. Use instead.

We already know that to make the negative plain forms of an -adjective, the first
step is to change the final of the adjectives dictionary form to and then add
various endings. Well, for all the very polite forms, we do the same thing. Change the
final to and then add the polite conjugations of .
If you havent come across yet, its a verb that means to be, and one of the
ways its used is getting tacked on to the ends of other verbs and adjectives, just like
whats happening here. Some of its conjugations are irregular, but in these examples,
its conjugating just like the verbs you learned in Levels 4 and 5, so the present
conjugations should be familiar to you. For now, youll just have to take my word for it
that the past tense of is , and the past tense of is
. Well spend more time with the past tense in the next two chapters,
when we go back to talking about and verbs again.
Whew, that was a lot of material. Dont worry if you need some time to absorb it all.
Exercise: Write the meaning of the -adjectives below and conjugate them into all
the forms youve learned.
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

10

Very Polite

Level 6: -Adjectives
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Review Exercise: You still remember how to conjugate and verbs, right?
Prove it with some verbs you learned in WaniKani Level 6.

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

11

Level 7: Past Tense

Up until now, weve been learning all the verb forms in the present tense. If you want
to say that something happened in the past, you have to use different endings. The
last chapter touched on this, when it mentioned the past tense of () and
the past tense of () and (). We also
learned the past tense forms of -adjectives, for the affirmative, and
for the negative.
If you look at all these different past tense forms, you might recognize a pattern: they
all end in . It turns out that the ending is used to form the past tense. For
verbs, its as simple as dropping the final and adding . Unfortunately, the rules for
verbs are a little bit complicated.

Making the plain past:

verb

verb

Add

Drop
, ,
ending

Drop
ending

Add

, ,
ending

Drop
ending

Add

ending

Drop
ending

Add

ending

Drop
ending

Add

ending

Drop
ending

Add

12

Level 7: Past Tense

Yikes! verbs are pretty easy, but there are a lot of different rules for verbs
depending on their final syllable in dictionary form. Unfortunately, youll probably just
have to drill these until it feels like second nature. Also, the more you come across
these in reading or hear them in speech, the faster the patterns will stick. And luckily,
well practice another form that uses almost exactly the same endings in Level 9, so at
least you can reuse this knowledge after learning it once.
Exercise: Practice forming the plain past tense for the verbs youve learned through
WK Level 7. On this page, theyll be grouped based on their ending. On the next page,
theyll be all jumbled together. Good luck!

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Present

Past
Past

Present

Past

Present

Past

Present

Past

Past

Present

Past

Present*
Past
()

Present

* Note: WaniKani hasnt taught any - verbs yet, but we need to practice this form,
so were going to borrow one from Level 9. This verb means to swim. Deal with it!

Present

Past

Present

Past
13

Present

Past

Level 7: Past Tense

Exercise: As promised, form the past tense plain form for each of these verbs. Try
doing half of these now and half later, to make sure you remember.
Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
14

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past

Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past
Past

Level 8: More Past Tense

No review exercises for that last chapter, since mastering the plain past is probably
plenty of work on its own. In this chapter, well learn the other three forms of the
past: the plain past negative, the polite past, and the polite past negative. Luckily,
there are no crazy conjugation rules here, so it should be a lot easier than Level 7!
First is the plain past negative. Hopefully you remember how to make the present
negative from Level 5, the one that ends with . Well, it turns out that the
ending works as an -adjective like the kind we saw in Level 6. Just like any other adjective, all we need to do to put it in the past tense is drop the and add .
Verb Type

Dictionary
Form

Plain Present
Negative

Plain Past
Negative

The polite negative also fits a pattern that weve already seen. Remember how in
Level 7 we saw how verbs that end in - have the ending - in the past? The same
is true for the polite - form.
Verb Type

Dictionary
Form

Polite Present
Affirmative

Polite Past
Affirmative

The polite past negative is formed from the polite present negative, the form that
ends in -. To make the polite past negative, just add the past tense of the
copula, .
Verb Type

Dictionary
Form

Polite Present
Negative

Polite Past
Negative

15

Level 8: More Past Tense

Exercise: Fill out the plain and polite, present and past negative for verbs youve
learned in WaniKani Level 8..

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.
16

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Level 8: More Past Tense

Review Exercise: Fill out all the forms youve learned for verbs youve learned through
WaniKani Level 8.

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

17

Level 9: The Form

The form (or ) is a conjugation that serves many different purposes in
Japanese. This form is useful for connecting two or more actions, politely asking
favors of others, describing an ongoing action or an activity you do regularly, asking
for permission, and several other uses. The good news is that this form is nearly
identical to the plain past tense form, except it ends with instead of or
instead of . See how these forms are similar in the table below.

Irregular

Dictionary Form

Form

Plain Past

In the exercises so far, weve just been putting verbs into different conjugations, but
not really using them in practical contexts. For this level, lets practice these forms
using a number of different useful patterns.
To make a polite request of someone else, use the form of a verb and add .
English Request

form +

Japanese Request

Please eat.

Exercise: Show that you know the translation of each verb by making a request in
English. Then ask someone to please do these things for you in Japanese.
Verb

English
Please

Verb
English
Please

Verb

English
Please

Japanese
.
Japanese
.

Japanese
.

Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please

Verb
English
Please
18

Japanese
.
Japanese
.

Japanese
.

Level 9: The Form

Verb

English
Please

Verb
English
Please
Verb

English
Please

Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.

Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please
Verb
English
Please

Japanese
.
Japanese
.
Japanese
.

Another common usage of the form is to use form + to describe an action

thats ongoing, or something that someone does habitually. You might think of the
form as showing that someone is in a state, whether its the state of doing the
action right now, or a state where they do the action repeatedly.
If someones doing the action right now, a good English translation might be to be
____ing. If its an action someone does repeatedly, you might say I usually _____ or
if the frequency is specified, I _____ every day/every week.
One more point about context Japanese speakers often leave out personal
pronouns like I, you, he, she, and they. The sentence below might mean I
am eating beef, or they are eating beef, and so on, depending on the circumstance.
Plain Form

Polite Form

Plain Form

Polite Form

(He is) eating beef.

(I) eat beef every day.

Note: In spoken language and sometimes in casual writing (or written dialogue), the
in and is omitted. So if you happen to see or ,
youll know its the same thing you saw here.
Exercise: Translate the sentences on the next page into Japanese using the form +
and . Youve learned all this vocabulary on WaniKani, but youll need to
know particles like , , and to write them. In you translations, practice writing
the way Japanese often do by leaving out personal pronouns.
19

Level 9: The Form

English
(Shes) standing.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Youre) resting.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Hes) watching fireworks.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Im) holding bamboo.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Hes) swimming in the pond.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
On Sundays, (I) climb volcanoes.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Shes) fixing the car

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Youre) using a tool.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Im) usually ride in a car.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
Every day, (you) go to school.

Plain Form

Polite Form

Exercise: Sometimes you might have to use your noodle to figure out what someone
means from context. Based on the description of context, write down an English
translation of what your friend is saying to you.
Scenario 1: You call a friends cell phone. When she answers, you can hear a lot of
background noise. You ask her, What are you doing right now? She replies,
. Translate her response into English.

Scenario 2: A friend is sitting next to you in your living room. Youre talking about your
daily commute. You ask him, How do you get to school? He replies, .
Translate his response into English.
20

WaniKani
Verb Conjugation Check-In
Answer Key

Level 3: Ichidan or Godan? Answer Key

Exercise, Page 2:

Verb

Reading

Verb

Reading

Exercise, Page 3:

Verb

Reading

Verb

Reading

Level : Present Affirmative Answer Key

Exercise, Page 4:

Verb
Plain

Polite

Verb

22

Plain

Polite

Level : Present Affirmative Answer Key

Review Exercise, Page 4:

Verb
Reading

Verb

Reading

Level 5: Present Negative Answer Key

Exercise, Page 6:
Verb
Plain Neg.

Polite Neg.

Exercise, Page 7:
Verb
Plain Neg.
Polite Neg.

Review Exercise, Page 7:

Plain
Polite
Aff.

Neg.

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Verb

Plain Neg. Polite Neg.

Verb

Plain Neg. Polite Neg.

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

Aff.
Neg.

Plain

Polite

23

Level 6: -Adjectives Answer Key

Exercise, Page 9:
- Old
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

- Small
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

- Early
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

- Blue
Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

- Bright
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Exercise, Page 10:

O mighty Crabigator, I do solemnly swear before thee that I shall never use after an
-adjective, and nor shall I conjugate after an -adjective. Praise be.

Exercise, Page 10:

- Wide
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Exercise, Page 11:

- Red
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

24

Level 6: -Adjectives Answer Key

Exercise, Page 11:
- Fat
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

- Cheap
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

- White
Present Affirmative
Past Affirmative
Present Negative
Past Negative

Plain

Polite

Very Polite

Review Exercise, Page 11:

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Affirmative
Negative

Plain

Polite

Level 7: Past Tense Answer Key

Exercise, Page 13:

Present

Present

Past

Past

Present

Present

Past

Past

25

Present

Present

Past

Past

Level 7: Past Tense Answer Key

Exercise, Page 13:

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Present

Past

Present

Past

Past

Present

Past

Present

Past

Past

Present

Past

Present

Past

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Present

Present

Present

Exercise, Page 14:

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

26

Level 7: Past Tense Answer Key

Exercise, Page 14:
Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Present

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Past

Level 8: More Past Tense Answer Key

Exercise, Page 16:

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

27

Level 8: More Past Tense Answer Key

Exercise, Page 16:

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Plain

Polite

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Review Exercise, Page 17:

Plain
Polite
Plain
Polite

Present Aff.
Present Aff.

Past Aff.
Past Aff.

Present Neg. Present Neg.

Past Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.

Plain
Polite

Present Aff.

Past Aff.

Present Neg.

Past Neg.
28

Level 8: More Past Tense Answer Key

Review Exercise, Page 17:

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Present Aff.
Past Aff.
Present Neg.
Past Neg.

Plain

Polite

Level 9: Form Answer Key

Exercise, Page 18:
Verb

English
Please ride.

Japanese

Verb
English
Please teach.*

Japanese

Verb

English
Please fix.

Japanese

Verb

English
Please climb.

Japanese

Verb

English
Please pull.

Japanese

Verb

English
Please stand.

Japanese

Verb
English
Please begin.

Japanese

Japanese

Exercise, Page 19:

Verb

English
Please send.

Verb

English
Please hold.

Japanese

Japanese

Verb

English
Please buy.

Japanese

Verb
English
Please show.
Verb

English
Please speak.

Japanese

* Note: is also a common way of saying to tell, especially if someone is

providing someone else with information, so this sentence could also say, Please tell
me. As another example, if you said , a natural-sounding
translation might be, Please give me your phone number.
29

Level 9: Form Answer Key

Exercise, Page 20:
English
(Shes) standing.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Youre) resting.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Hes) watching fireworks.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Im) holding bamboo.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Hes) swimming in the pond.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
Plain Form*
Polite Form*
On Sundays, (I) climb volcanoes.
English
(Shes) fixing the car

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(Youre) using a tool.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
(I) usually ride in a car.

Plain Form

Polite Form

English
Every day, (you) go to school.

Plain Form

Polite Form

* Note: can also be written as , which is a better kanji to use for climbing
mountains, but you havent learned it yet. Youll see it in Level 12.

Exercise, Page 20:

Scenario 1: You call a friends cell phone. When she answers, you can hear a lot of
background noise. You ask her, What are you doing right now? She replies,
. Translate her response into English.
Im riding the train. / Im on a train. / (Similar sentence)
Scenario 2: A friend is sitting next to you in your living room. You ask him about his
fathers daily commute. You ask him, How does your father get to work? He replies,
. Translate his response into English.
He takes the train. / He usually takes the train. / (Similar sentence)
30