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Kidney
Produces urine
Ureter
Transports urine
toward the
urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Temporarily stores
urine prior
to elimination
Urethra
Conducts urine to
exterior; in males,
transports semen
as well
Anterior view
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Esophagus (cut)
Diaphragm
Inferior vena
cava
Celiac trunk
Right adrenal
gland
Right kidney
Left kidney
Left renal artery
Left renal vein
Hilum
Superior mesenteric
artery
Left ureter
Quadratus
lumborum
muscle
Iliacus muscle
Psoas major
muscle
Peritoneum (cut)
Abdominal aorta
Left common iliac
artery
Gonadal artery
and vein
Rectum (cut)
Urinary bladder
Anterior view
2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Renal artery
and vein
Adrenal
gland
11th and
12th ribs
Parietal
Renal Renal
peritoneum Stomach vein artery Aorta
Right
kidney
Lumbar
(L1) vertebra
External
oblique
Ureter
Inferior
vena cava
Pancreas
Ureter
Iliac crest
Spleen
Left
kidney
Vertebra
Abdominal
aorta
Connective
tissue layers
Urinary
bladder
Fibrous capsule
Perinephric fat
Urethra
Renal fascia
Quadratus
lumborum
Psoas
Inferior
major vena cava
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal
pyramids
Renal pyramid
Inner layer of
fibrous capsule
Renal sinus
Renal sinus
Connection to
minor calyx
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Adipose tissue
in renal sinus
Renal pelvis
Hilum
Renal pelvis
Hilum
Major calyx
Renal lobe
Renal papilla
Minor calyx
Ureter
Renal papilla
Renal columns
Ureter
Renal lobe
Fibrous capsule
Fibrous
capsule
Figure 26-6 The Functional Anatomy of a Representative Nephron and the Collecting System
NEPHRON
Proximal convoluted tubule
Reabsorption of water,
ions, and all
organic nutrients
COLLECTING SYSTEM
Distal convoluted tubule
Capsular space
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Collecting duct
Afferent arteriole
Glomerular capsule
Renal corpuscle
Production of filtrate
KEY
Variable reabsorption
of water and
reabsorption or
secretion of sodium,
potassium, hydrogen
and bicarbonate ions
Ascending
limb of
loop ends
Descending
limb of
loop begins
Thin
descending
limb
Thick
ascending
limb
Descending
limb
Ascending
limb
Papillary duct
Filtrate
Water reabsorption
Variable water reabsorption
Solute reabsorption
or secretion
Variable solute reabsorption
or secretion
Delivery of urine
to minor calyx
Nephron loop
Further reabsorption of water
(descending limb) and both
sodium and chloride
ions (ascending limb)
Minor
calyx
Figure 26-7a The Locations and Structures of Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Cortical
nephron
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Cortex
Medulla
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Renal papilla
Minor calyx
Afferent
arterioles
Cortical
nephron
Arcuate vein
Renal
pyramid
Cortical
radiate
veins
Cortical
radiate
arteries
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Interlobar vein
Interlobar artery
Interlobar
arteries
Cortex
Segmental
artery
Minor calyx
Medulla
Adrenal
artery
Renal
artery
Renal
vein
Renal vein
Renal artery
Segmental arteries
Interlobar
veins
Interlobar veins
Interlobar arteries
Arcuate veins
Arcuate arteries
Arcuate
veins
Arcuate
arteries
Venules
Afferent arterioles
NEPHRONS
Peritubular
capillaries
Glomerulus
Efferent
arteriole
Figure 26-7 The Locations and Structures of Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Peritubular
capillaries
Efferent
arteriole
Cortical
nephron
Afferent
arteriole
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Renal
corpuscle
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Cortex
Collecting
duct
Peritubular
capillaries
Nephron
loop
The circulation to
a cortical nephron
Peritubular
capillaries
Proximal
convoluted
tubule (PCT)
Medulla
Glomerulus
Collecting duct
Distal
convoluted
tubule (DCT)
Vasa recta
Papillary duct
Collecting
duct
Renal papilla
Vasa recta
Nephron
loop
Minor calyx
The circulation to a
juxtamedullary nephron
Glomerular capsule
Nucleus
Podocyte
Pores
Mesangial
cell
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Efferent
arteriole
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Capillary
endothelial
cell
Dense
layer
Filtration
slits
RBC
Macula densa
Juxtaglomerular
cells
Pedicels
Juxtaglomerular
complex
Capsular space
Afferent
arteriole
Capsular
epithelium
Median umbilical
ligament
Ureter
Lateral umbilical
ligament
Detrusor muscle
Rugae
Ureteral
openings
Internal urethral
sphincter
External urethral
sphincter (in urogenital
diaphragm)
Center of trigone
Neck of
urinary bladder
Prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Urinary bladder
Rectum
Right ureter
Uterus
Peritoneum
Pubic symphysis
Prostate gland
Urinary bladder
External urethral
sphincter
Pubic symphysis
Spongy urethra
Internal urethral
sphincter
External
urethral orifice
Urethra
External urethral
sphincter (in urogenital
diaphragm)
Urethra
Urogenital
[see part c] diaphragm
Vestibule
Male
Female
Median umbilical
ligament
Ureter
Lateral umbilical
ligament
Detrusor muscle
Rugae
Ureteral
openings
Internal urethral
sphincter
External urethral
sphincter (in urogenital
diaphragm)
Center of trigone
Neck of
urinary bladder
Prostate gland
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Vagina
Figure 26-19a The Histology of the Organs That Collect and Transport Urine
Transitional
epithelium
Lamina
propria
Mucosa
Smooth
muscle
Outer connective
tissue layer
Ureter
LM 65
Figure 26-19b The Histology of the Organs That Collect and Transport Urine
Transitional
epithelium Mucosa
Lamina
propria
Submucosa
Detrusor muscle
Visceral
peritoneum
Urinary bladder
LM 36
Glomerulus
Glomerular capsule
Collecting duct
KEY
Filtration occurs exclusively in the renal corpuscle,
across the filtration membrane.
Nephron loop
Urine storage
and elimination