Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
2015
data center spaced to
Cloud Computing
will be
12 times
It is estimated that:
82% of the overall
infrastructure cost is
power distribution
James Hamilton - Microsoft
and cooling
If every U.S. data center could utilize 10% more of their capacity,
the need to build more than 2 million square feet of new data
center space could be eliminated each year
under-utilization of data
center equipment
and the misalignment of
incentives, including in the
fast growing multi-tenant
data center market
segment .
National Resource Defense Council
Regulations
in many global markets on
EFFICIENCY
requirements for
data centers
As Data Centers continue to grow and proliferate, and the industry imperative is:
Tier I
Tier II
Tier III
Tier IV
N+1
N+1 or Higher
Usually N+N
Up to 90%
Up to 75%
Up to 75%
Up to 45%
< 80%
<60%
<50%
<30%
Distribution Paths
1 Normal 1 alternate
2 Active
Concurrently Maintainable
No
No
Yes
Yes
Fault Tolerant
No
No
No
Yes
Staffing
None
1 Shift
1+ Shifts
24 x Forever
Annual IT Downtime
28.8 hours
22.0 hours
1.6 hours
0.8 hours
Site Availability
99.67%
99.75%
99.98%
99.99%
1.3X
2.0 X
2.5 X
- Actual Operation
For Given Reliability: Increase Utilization, Decrease Cap Ex and Lower Operating Op Ex
Can we achieve Required Reliability with High Utilization and Lower Cost?
3
Architecture Comparisons
Parallel Redundant - N+1 System
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
Block Redundant - Catcher System
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
Block Redundant - Catcher System
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
10
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
Block Redundant - Catcher System
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
Cost
Many Modules
11
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
IP Ring Bus
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
Cost
Many Modules
12
Architecture Comparisons
Bus - Single
Point of Failure
IP Ring Bus
STS Reliability
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
Design IT Load
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
2.4 MW
Reliability Tier
II-III
II-III
III
III-IV
III-IV
# 1MW UPSs
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.0
75%
75%
75%
50%
75%
Complexity
Management
UPS Utilization
Design
Operating
50-65%
50-60%
50-60%
25-40%
65-75%
Stranded Capacity
10-25%
15-25%
15-25%
10-25%
<10%
1.7
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
0.2-0.4
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.5
0.3-0.7
<0.2
Capex ($M/MW)
Stranded Capital ($M/MW)
Cost
Many Modules
13
Architecture Comparisons
Data Center Tier *
N+1
Catcher
4N/3
S+S
IP Ring Bus
99.67%
99.75%
99.75%
99.98%
99.99%
14
IP Ring bus provides the advantage of parallel UPS (share load) with the advantage of
fault isolation (high reliability) with using less UPS modules (up to 20-30% reduction).
IP Ring Bus reduction of UPS modules lowers the installed cost (CapEx) and maintenance cost
(OpEx) while improving UPS efficiency (OpEx) by operating at higher load.
GE IP Ring Bus is integrated system offering system includes UPS, switchgear, breakers
and protective relay and monitoring. Sold as System, not Product.
16
17
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)
$2,000
$0
GE TLE IP
18
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)
$2,000
$0
GE TLE IP
Efficiency improvement
93.5% to 96.5%
19
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)
$2,000
$0
Efficiency improvement
93.5% to 96.5%
GE TLE IP
$7,000
$6,000
$5,000
$2,400
$1,100
$4,000
$3,000
$1,400
$1,400
$800
$2,000
$1,000
$1,100
$2,700
$2,700
GE SG (S+S)
GE TLE (S+S)
$2,000
$0
Efficiency improvement
93.5% to 96.5%
GE TLE IP
Utilization
CapEx
75%
OpEx
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
23
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
24
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
25
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
26
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
27
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
28
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
600KW
600KW
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
600KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
30
SWG1A
SWG2A
SWG3A
SWG4A
Share Flow
SWG1B
SWG2B
SWG3B
SWG4B
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW
31
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
32
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
33
SWG1B
SWG2B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
600KW
200KW
600KW
200KW
SWG4A
SWG2A
600KW
200KW
SWG1A
600KW
SWG3A
Share Flow
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
600KW
1.2MW
600KW
100KW
SWG2B
SWG1B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
500KW
SWG4A
100KW
500KW
SWG3A
SWG2A
SWG1A
500KW
100KW
100KW
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
400KW
0.8MW
400KW
35
100KW
SWG2B
SWG1B
600KW
IT Load
1.2MW
500KW
SWG4A
100KW
500KW
SWG3A
SWG2A
SWG1A
500KW
100KW
100KW
SWG4B
SWG3B
IT Load
600KW
400KW
0.8MW
400KW
Balance power to and from the ring maintains equal UPS power
36
2.4MW IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
1.2MW
37
3.6MW IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW
IT Load
1.2MW
38
4.8MW IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
IT Load
1.2MW
1.2MW
1.2MW
1.2MW
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
40
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
3.6MW
6 Modules vs 10
41
2.4MW
4 Modules vs 6
3.6MW
6 Modules vs 10
4.8MW
8 Modules vs 12
42
Tomaz Seignemartin
Data Center Growth Leader
GE Critical Power