INTRODUCTION TO MACHATRONICS:

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field of science that includes a combination of mechanical

engineering, electronics, computer engineering, telecommunications engineering, systems
engineering and control engineering. As technology advances, the subfields of engineering multiply and
adapt. Mechatronics' aim is a design process that unifies these subfields. Originally, mechatronics just
included the combination of mechanics and electronics, hence the word is a combination of mechanics and
electronics; however, as technical systems have become more and more complex the definition has been
broadened to include more technical areas.

Comparison between Star and Delta Connections:

Star (Y) Connection

Delta () Connection

In STAR connection, the starting or

finishing ends (Similar ends) of three coils
are connected together to form the
neutral point. A common wire is taken out
from the neutral point which is called
Neutral.

In DELTA connection, the opposite ends

of three coils are connected together. In
other words, the end of each coil is
connected with the start of another coil,
and three wires are taken out from the
coil joints

There is a Neutral or Star Point

No Neutral Point in Delta Connection

Three phase four wire system is derived

from Star Connections (3-Phase, 4 Wires Three phase three wire system is derived
System) We may Also derived 3 Phase 3 from Delta Connections (3-Phase, 3
Wire System from Star Connection Wires System)
Line Current is Equal to Phase Current. Line Voltage is Equal to Phase Voltage.
i.e.
i.e.
Line Current = Phase Current
Line Voltage = Phase Voltage
IL = IPH
VL = VPH
Line Voltage is 3 times of Phase Line Current is 3 times of Phase
Voltage. i.e.
Current. i.e.
VL = 3 VPH
IL = 3 IPH
The Total Power of three phases could be The Total Power of three phases could be

found by
P = 3 x VL x IL x Cos . Or
P = 3 x VPH x IPH x Cos

found by
P = 3 x VL x IL x Cos or
P = 3 x VPH x IPH x Cos

The speeds of Delta connected motors

The speeds of Star connected motors are
are high because each phase gets the
slow as they receive 1/3 voltage.
total of line voltage
In Star Connection, the phase voltage is
In Delta connection, The phase voltage is
low as 1/3 of the line voltage, so, it
equal to the line voltage, hence, it needs
needs low number of turns, hence, saving
more number of turns.
in copper.
Low insulation required as phase voltage Heavy insulation required as Phase
is low
voltage = Line Voltage.
In Power Distribution and industries,
In Power Transmission, Star Connection
Delta Connection is general and typical to
system is general and typical to be used.
be used.

Single-Phase vs Three-Phase Power Explained

Single-phase power is:

Used in most homes in North America

Able to supply ample power for most smaller customers, including homes and small, nonindustrial businesses

Adequate for running motors up to about 5 horsepower; a single-phase motor draws

significantly more current than the equivalent 3-phase motor, making 3-phase power a more
efficient choice for industrial applications

With the wave form of single-phase power, when the wave passes through zero, the power supplied at that moment is
zero. In the U.S., the wave cycles 60 times per second.

3-phase power is:

Common in large businesses, as well as industry and manufacturing

Increasingly popular in power-hungry, high-density data centers

Expensive to convert from an existing single-phase installation, but 3-phase allows for
smaller, less expensive wiring and lower voltages, making it safer and less expensive to run
Highly efficient for equipment designed to run on 3-phase

3-phase power has 3 distinct wave cycles that overlap. Each phase reaches its peak 120 degrees apart from the others so
the level of power supplied remains consistent.