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DesignofSewerSystemCivilEngineersPK

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DesignofSewerSystem
DESIGNOFSEWERSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
DesignofSewerSystem.Sewersystemplaysavitalroleintheeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.
Sewersaremustforthedrainageofwastewater.Inordertohaveaneffectivesewagesystemthesewers
shouldbeproperlydesignedandmorecareshouldbetakeninfindingtheinvertlevelsotherwisewhole
designmaygetwrong.DesignofSewerSystem.Sewersaredesignedforthedrainageofwastewater
comingfromhouses,industries,streets,runoffetctoprotecttheenvironmentandpeoplefromserious
diseases,asmorethan50diseasesspreadfromsewage.Soforagoodliving,thesewersshouldbe
properlydesignedandthesewageshouldbetreatedproperlybeforedischargingitintotheriver.Designof
SewerSystem
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Someoftheimportantandrelevanttermsforsewersystemarediscussedbelow.

Sewage
ItisLiquidWasteorWasteWaterproduceasaresultofwateruse.DesignofSewerSystem

Sewer
Itisthepipeorconduitforcarryingsewage.Itisgenerallyclosedandflowtakesplaceundrgravity
(AtmosphericPressure).DesignofSewerSystem

Sewerage
Sewerageisthesystemofcollectionofwastewaterandconveyingittoapointoffinaldisposalwithor
withouttreatment.DesignofSewerSystem

Sourcesofwastewater
Followingaretheprincipalsourcesofwastewater

Domestic
Industrial
Stormwater

Domestic
Itisthewastewaterfromhouses,offices,otherbuildings,hotelsandinstitutions.DesignofSewer
System

Industrial
Itistheliquidwastefromtheindustrialplacesfromtheirdifferentindustrialprocesseslikedying,paper
matting,tanneries,chemicalindustries,etc.DesignofSewerSystem

StormWater
Itincludessurfacerunoffgeneratedfromrainfallandthestreetwash.DesignofSewerSystem

TypesofSewerSystems
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Followingarethetypesofsewerage.DesignofSewerSystem

SeparateSystem
Itisthesysteminwhichstormwateriscarried
separatelyfromdomesticandindustrialwaste
water.Thissystemispreferredwhen

Thereisanimmediateneedforcollection
ofsanitarysewagebutnotforstormwater
Whensanitarysewageneedstreatment
butthestormwaterdoesnot.Designof
SewerSystem

CombinedSystem
Itisthetypeofsysteminwhichsewercarries
boththesanitaryandstormwater.Combined
systemisfavoredwhen

Combinedsewagecanbedisposedoff
withouttreatment
Bothsanitaryandstormwaterneedtreatment
Streetsarenarrowandtwoseparatesewerscannotbelaid.DesignofSewerSystem

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TypesofSewersDesignofSewerSystem

SanitarySewers
Itcarriessanitarysewagei.e.wastewaterfrommunicipalityincludingDomesticandIndustrial
wastewaters.DesignofSewerSystem

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StormSewer
ItcarriesstormsewageincludingSurfaceRunoffandStreetWash.DesignofSewerSystem

CombinedSewer
Itcarriesdomestic,industrialandstormsewage.DesignofSewerSystem

HouseSewer
Itisthesewerconveyingsewagefromplumbingsystemofbuildingtocommon/municipalsewers.

Lateralsewer
Thissewercarriesdischargefromtwoormorehousesewers.DesignofSewerSystem

SubMainSewer
Thissewercarriesdischargefromtwoormorelaterals.DesignofSewerSystem

Main/TrunkSewer
Itreceivesdischargefromtwoormoresubmains.

OutfallSewer
Itreceivesdischargefromallcollectingsystemandconveysittothepointoffinaldisposal.

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Sewageflow
Itisflowderivedfromthesanitaryandindustrialsewagethatistherawwaterfromtheseindustriesand
houses,soitmeansithasdirectrelationwiththeamountofwaterconsumed.
Generally80to90%ofthewaterconsumptionistakenassewageorwastewaterflow.DesignofSewer
System

Variationinsewageflow
Likewatersupply,sewageflowvariesfromtimetotime.Sincesewersmustbeabletoaccommodate
MaximumRateofFlow,thevariationinthesewageflowmustbestudied.
GenerallyHermanFormulaisusedtoestimatetheratioofMaximumtoAverageFlow

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Pispopulationinthousands.DesignofSewerSystem

WASALahoreDesignConsidersthefollowingrelationshipforsewerdesign

AverageSewageFlow(m3 /day)

PeakFactor

2500

4.0

25005000

3.4

500010000

3.1

1000025000

2.7

2500050000

2.5

50000100000

2.3

100000250000

2.15

250000500000

2.08

>500000

2.0

Infiltration
Itisamountofwaterthatentersintothesewersthroughpoorjoints,crackedpipes,wallsandcoversof
manholes.DesignofSewerSystem

Itisnonexistentduringdryweatherbutincreasesduringrainyseason.
WaterandSanitationAgency(WASA)Lahoreusesthefollowinginfiltrationratesforthedesignof
sewersystem.

SewerDiameter

Infiltration

225mmto600mm

5%ofAvg.SewageFlow

>600mm

10%ofAvg.SewageFlow

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DesignPeriod
SewerSystem
Periodofdesignisindefinite.Thesystemisdesignedtotakecareforthemaximumdevelopmentofthe
area.Butwetakedesignperiodof20yearsforoursewersystem.DesignofSewerSystem

SewerPumpingStation
Designperiodis10years.
RateofFlowareaveragedaily,peakandminimumflowincludingInfiltration.

PROJECTDESCRIPTION
TheprojectisbasedonthedesignofPartiallycombinedseweragesystemofacommunitywhichis
havingapproximatelyaflatterrainbecausethedifferenceinthereducelevelsisverysmall.Ihave
designedthesewagepumpingstationalongwiththehydraulicstatementandtherequireddrawingsplus
someextradrawings.Iamconfidentthatmydesignwillworksuccessfullyandtherewillbenotany
problems.TheLayoutofthecommunityisgivenasunder.DesignofSewerSystem

DESIGNCRITERIA
DesignFlow
Firstofallcalculatetheaveragesewageflowonthebasisofwaterconsumptionandthepopulationatthe
endofthedesignperiod.i.eatthefulldevelopmentofthearea.Thenthedesignflowforsanitarysewer
andpartiallycombinedsewerscanbycalculatedbyusingthefollowingformulae.DesignofSewerSystem
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ForSanitarySewer

Qdesign =Peaksewageflow+infiltration

Forpartiallycombinedsewer(WASACriteria)

Qdesign =2xPeaksewageflow+infiltration

DesignEquation
ManningsEquationisusedforsewersflowingundergravityDesignofSewerSystem

Where
V=Velocityofflowinm/sec
R=Hydraulicmeandepth(A/P)=D/4whenpipeisflowingfullorhalffull
S=Slopeofthesewer
n=Coefficientofroughnessforpipes

Minimum(SelfCleansing)Velocity
Sewageshouldflowatalltimeswithsufficientvelocitytopreventthesettlementofsolidmatterinthe
sewer.SelfCleansingVelocityistheminimumvelocitythatensuresnonsettlementofsuspendedmatter
inthesewer.DesignofSewerSystem

Thefollowingminimumvelocitiesaregenerallyemployed

Sanitarysewer=0.6m/sec
Stormsewer=1.0m/sec
Partiallycombinedsewer=0.7m/sec

Maximumvelocity
Themaximumvelocitiesinthesewerpipesshouldnotexceedmorethan2.4m/sec.Thismaxvelocityin
thesewershouldnotexceedthislimitof2.4m/sec.Itistoavoidtheexcessivesewerabrasionandalso
toavoidsteepslopes.DesignofSewerSystem

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MinimumSewerSize
225mmistakenastheminimumsewersize.Thereasonbeingthat,thechokingdoesnottakeplaceeven
withthebiggersizeparticles,whichareusuallythrownintothesewerthroughmanholes.DesignofSewer
System

MinimumCoverofSewer
1mistakenastheminimumcoveroverthesewerstoavoiddamagefromliveloadscomingonthe
sewer.DesignofSewerSystem

SpacingofManhole(WASA,Criteria)
For(SewerSize)225mmto380mmspacingnotmorethan100m

For(SewerSize)460mmto760mmspacingnotmorethan120m

For(SewerSize)greaterthan760mmspacingnotmorethan150m

DirectionofSewerLine
Sewershouldflow,asforaspossibletheNaturalSlope.DesignofSewerSystem

DesignofSewer
SizeofSewer

Usethefollowingrelationtofindthediameterofsewer
Qf=AxV

SlopeofSewer

SelecttheminimumvelocityvalueandusetheManningsformula

InvertLevel
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ThelowestinsidelevelatanycrosssectionofasewerpipeisknownasInvertLevelatthatCross
section.DesignofSewerSystem

InvertLevel=NGSL/RoadLevelDepthofSewerThicknessofSewerDia.ofSewer

JointsinSewers
Bell&SpigotJoint
Tongue&GrooveJoint

Manholes
Theseareprovidedfor

Cleaning
inspectionand
houseconnection

At

ChangeinSewerdirection
Changeinsewerdiameter
Changeinslope

Onemanholetobeprovidedfor24plotsDesign
ofSewerSystem

DesignofSewerSystem
SEWERAGEDESIGNDATA
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NoofPlots=281

NoofApartments=3

NoofFlats=3

Designperiod=20years

POPULATIONFORECAST

Present(2009)

Design(2029)

Persons/plot

10

Persons/apartment

400

600

Persons/flat

200

400

POPULATIONFORECASTING

PresentPopulationPp=1)2817+4003+2003=3767
DesignPopulationPd=2)28110+6003+4003=5810
AnnualGrowthRate=2.1%(ForPakistan,2008report)

DesignPopulationPd
DesignofSewerSystem

1)Pd=Ppx(1+2.1/100)20
Pd=3767x(1+2.1/100)20 =5709
Pd=5810(FromTable)
Percapitawaterconsumption=350+44=394lpcd(literspercapitaperday)
AverageDesignflow=Pd xwaterconsumptionx0.8/1000
(80%goestosewersaswastewater)
=(394x5810x0.8)/1000
Qavg=1831.312m3 /day
Peakfactor=4(fromWASAtable)

ToCheckInfiltrationrates

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DESIGNOFWETWELL
Qmax=14742.1m3 /day=10.237m3 /min

Pumpingcapacity
P=Qmax=10.237m3 /min
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MinimumcycletimeDesignofSewerSystem

MinimumCycletimemustnotbelessthan5minutes
Forsmallerpumpstmin=15min
Volume=V=[Pxt(min)]/4
EffectiveVolume=(10.237x15)/4=38.39m3DesignofSewerSystem

DIMENSIONSOFWETWELL
Length=3.6mDesignofSewerSystem
Width=3.6m
Height=3m
Volume=3.6*3.6*3=38.88m3
Pumpmustrunforatleast2minutes
Checkthecycletime,shouldbegreaterthan2minutes
t=V/(PQmin)=38.39/(10.2370.6358)=3.99~=4
So4minutesisgreaterthan2minutes..(OK)DesignofSewerSystem

CycleTimeforMinimumandAverageFlow
CYCLETIME=t=(V/(PQ))+(V/Q)

ForQmin=38.39/(10.2370.6358)+38.398/0.6358=64.391min>15min(OK)
ForQavg=38.39/(10.2371.271)+38.39/1.271=34.48min>15min(OK)

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DesignofSewerSystemCivilEngineersPK

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DesignofSewerSystemCivilEngineersPK

MANHOLE

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DROPMANHOLE

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SEWERJOINTS

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SEWERBEDDINGS

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COMMENTS
Thisdesignisbasedonpartiallycombinedseweragesystemthusiseconomic.
AllthenecessarythingsaretakenfromtheWASAtablesandMinimumvelocityistakenas0.6m/sec
whichistheselfcleansingvelocityandvelocitymustnotbemorethan2.4m/sec.
Minimumdiameterofseweristakenas225mmandotherdiametersareroundedtothelocally
availableinthemarketaccordingtoWASAstandards.
Minimumrateofsewageflowistakenas50%ofaveragesewageflow.
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Minimumclearcoverof1misprovidedabovethesewerinordertoavoidfromimpactofliveloading.
Flushtanksareprovidedwherevelocityislessthan0.6m/Sec.DesignofSewerSystem

RESULTS
Diametersarelessthen600mmsoInfiltrationrateusedis5%ofaveragesewageflow.

Bell&Spigotjointshavebeenusedasthediametersarelessthen600mm.
OneDropManholeiscomingatM15astheverticaldropismorethan0.6m.
InSewers(M9M8,M8M11,M10M11,M12M13,M5M18,M20M21,M24M21,M21M22,M25M26),
VelocityislessthantheselfcleansingvelocitySo,Flushtankswillbeprovidedhere.
Mostofthediametersareof225mmensuringtheeconomicsideoftheproject.
Wetwelldimensionsare2.53.54.4.
Cycletimeof15minutesissatisfiedensuringtheadaptabilityofsmallpumpssomoreeconomic.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Flushtanksshouldbeflushedoncein24hourstoavoidsedimentdeposition.
Iftheseweristobelaidunderthewatertablethencrushedstonebeddingshouldbeused.
Sewersshouldbejoinedinamanholekeepingthecrownsatthesamelevel.

DesignofSewerSystem,DesignofSewerSystem,DesignofSewerSystem,DesignofSewerSystem

Sharethis:

35

17

34thoughtsonDESIGNOFSEWERSYSTEM

AnwaarAhmed
onNovember7,2014at16:12said:

GoodWorkSir
IamworkingasSubEngineerataTMA.Igotenoughguidancefromworkgoodwork.
Regards

UBAIDAHMAD
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onNovember8,2014at07:56said:

THANKS

Ebd

onFebruary26,2015at20:39said:

Yousaidthatthedrainagedesignisequaltotwotimesthemaximumdischargewhile
whencalculatedleakagereportedthatdrainagedesignisequaltotwotimestherate
ofdischarge..Ihopestatementthispointifallowed

AbdulRaheemSiddiqui
onJanuary20,2015at07:24said:

Verygoodmaterial,itwillbemorebeneficialifyoucouldhaveshownthecalculationoruploadedsupporting
excelfile.

UBAIDAHMAD
onJanuary20,2015at15:35said:

NOPE

Ebd
onFebruary26,2015at20:41said:

Yousaidthatthedrainagedesignisequaltotwotimesthemaximumdischargewhilewhencalculated
leakagereportedthatdrainagedesignisequaltotwotimestherateofdischarge..Ihopestatementthis
http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

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pointifallowed

ABEDELBASET

onMarch23,2015at09:17said:

HI:
IWOULDLIKETOBUYPROGRAMFORDESIGNSEWAGENETWORKWITHPROFILE.

UBAIDAHMAD
onMarch23,2015at11:03said:

Allsoftwaresavailableonthesiterequiremembership.
http://civilengineerspk.com/membership/

QaziLitafatUrRehman
onJanuary2,2016at17:42said:

IcannotdownloadExcelsheetsasIrequireoneforthedesignofSeweragesystem
thoughIgotthemembership

UBAIDAHMAD
onJanuary2,2016at18:29said:

Allexcelsheetsareavailablehereonly
http://civilengineerspk.com/excelsheets/

http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

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WanjalaDanielMasinde
onMarch31,2015at07:33said:

Wouldliketoinquiremoreonhowtoovercomeexcesssewageinplaceswherethereisalready
establishedsewerlineyetthereisincreasedpopulation

UBAIDAHMAD
onMarch31,2015at13:09said:

Howmuchsewageyouaretalkingabout?

gebrewahid
onApril15,2015at09:21said:

IWOULDLIKETOBUYPROGRAMFORDESIGNSEWAGENETWORKWITHPROFILE

UBAIDAHMAD
onApril15,2015at14:59said:

itsalreadyavailablefreeonline

Sonia
onApril18,2015at10:23said:

Thanxalot.Thisarticlewasalifesaver.Iamdoingsomethingsimilarformyundergradproject.Isthere
informationonABR(AnaerobiBaffleReactor)sizingandformulas?

Thanxagain.
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UBAIDAHMAD
onApril18,2015at18:29said:

yourwelcome

NomanKhan
onMay1,2015at09:24said:

Hellosiryourworkisveryappreciable,sircanyouplztellmehowmanytypesofnetworkingaretherein
seweragesystemandwhataretheirnames.Andalsowheredoesthepeakfacorlike4.5,4,3comefrom.
Hopeuwouldconsidermyquestion.
Thankyou!

UBAIDAHMAD
onMay5,2015at10:46said:

http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

QaziLitafatUrRehman
onJanuary2,2016at18:06said:

PleasesendExcelsheetforthedesignofseweragesystemonmyIDlitafat@gmail.comPleasenotethat
Igotthemembership,thanks

UBAIDAHMAD
onJanuary2,2016at18:27said:

http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

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Allexcelsheetsareavailableherehttp://civilengineerspk.com/excelsheets/

KHIDIRBALLA
onFebruary7,2016at08:03said:

IwouldliketoaskifIwanttodesignseparatesewersystemwhereisthedifferentwillbeisitintheslopes
only!!,andwhattypeofpipeyourecommendUPVCorGRP

UBAIDAHMAD
onFebruary7,2016at08:58said:

Youwillbeusingallparametersofseparatesewersystemlikedischarge,selfcleansingvelocity
etc.

sam
onFebruary19,2016at02:24said:

couldyoupleasegivemeanexampleoftheAnalysisstatementformainsewerforanyarea?

UBAIDAHMAD
onFebruary19,2016at09:44said:

what?

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Esa
onMarch15,2016at20:05said:

Impressive..canuplztellmewhatshouldbethecoveringthicknessforRccpipesBiniththemainroadif
pipesizeisapproximately24inchindia

yesha
onMarch27,2016at19:26said:

Thiswasreallyhelpful,imworkingonmycollegeprojectandthiskindahelpedmesavetimetogothrough
alltheliteratureregardingdesignasmalreadyrunningshortofit.Thankyou!

UBAIDAHMAD
onMarch28,2016at08:33said:

YoureWelcome

Wearegladthatithelpedyou.

JennyChristopher
onApril17,2016at21:02said:

Hello,

IamastudentattheUniversityofWisconsinStevensPoint.ForainterpretivemediaclassIhaveto
designasignforalocalwastewatertreatmentplantinGreenBaytousetoeducatetheirvisitors.Iam
lookingforanimageofaseparatesewersystemtouseinthesignandcameacrossacoupleonyour
websitethatwouldbeperfect.Iwaswonderingifyouwouldallowmetouseanyofyourimagesandifyou
haveanyhighqualityversionsofthem?

UBAIDAHMAD
http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

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onApril18,2016at02:51said:

Youcanclickonthemanddownloadthemasperyourrequirement.

pemayangjey
onMay20,2016at08:43said:

Thesitewasworthvisitingforme.itwasindeedwhichhelpedmethemostindoingmyfinalyearprojectin
Diplomacoursethisyear.soiwouldliketothankandsayiamverypleasedtogetaccessedtothis.
thanksforthehelps.

UBAIDAHMAD
onMay20,2016at14:46said:

YouareWelcome

abdurahim
onAugust30,2016at18:29said:

canudoitpiiz

CIVILENGINEERSPK
onAugust30,2016at19:52said:

Nowedontsolvequestionshere

http://civilengineerspk.com/designofsewersystem/

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faizalibnnazeer
onOctober3,2016at19:01said:

heredesignofsewerinsoftwaretoolwasmissingsirlikeautocadorstaadproectifuprovidethatitwill

helpforupcomingcivilenggstudentlikeme

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