What are the main problems of agriculture

sector? suggest remedies or What are the

causes of low agriculture productivity
Problems of Agriculture Sector or Causes of Low Per Acre Yield :Pakistan's economy is basically an agricultural. It contributes 23.87% of GDP. About 55% labour force is engaged with
this sector but there are many obstacles in way of its development.
Following are the main problems of agriculture sector :
1. Lack of Capital :Our farmer is poor and they can not use the latest machines and better seeds. He always remains under debt. So due
to lack of capital. production remains low.
2. Lack of Credit Facilities :Credit is important for the small and big farmers to improve the production. But in Pakistan credit facilities are
insufficient to meet the requirements. Second problem is that credit is misused by the farmers.
3. Leasing System :Our leasing system also discourages farmer. The landlord and the tenant both can not take interest in the
improvement of land. So it affects the production badly.
4. Water Logging and Salinity :It is the main problem of the agriculture, in Pakistan a large area is affected by it which has reduced our production
particularly in the province of Sindh.
5. Smuggling :It is estimated that 25% food grains of Pakistan is smuggled to India and Afghanistan, so it creates shortage of food in
Pakistan.
6. Old Methods of Cultivation :Our farmer is uneducated and they uses the old methods of cultivation which causes the low production. They are
unable to use the modern technology due to non-availability of credit and skill.
7. Natural Circumstances :In Pakistan, our agriculture products also remains low due to the unfavorable circumstances. For example ,in 1973
and 1980, flood destroy our crops.
8. Inadequate Supply of Water :In Pakistan irrigation facilities are limited and due to this we can not cultivate our barren lands so production
remains low.
9. Increase in Population :In Pakistan rate of population growth is faster than the food production. It creates the food shortage problem, and
also problem of unemployment. Afghan refuges has also increased the size of population.
10. Small Holdings :In Pakistan land is divided into small units due to law of inheritance. Small units can not be cultivated properly and
per acre yield remains low.
11. Single Cropping :There is low level of cropping intensity in the farm sector. The area under double cropping is limited and production
remains low.
12. Under Utilization of Land :In Pakistan there is only 25% cultivable land out of 80 million hectares and there is a huge waste of natural resources.
Due to this our production is low.
Measures to Improve the Agriculture Sector or Measures to Remove the Food Shortage Problem

1. Extension in Cultivation :The agriculture product can be increased by increasing the cultivable area. It can be increased by using the barren
lands and including the water logging.
2. Intensive Cultivation :It means to cultivate the same areas which is already under cultivation by using better seeds and modern techniques
of production. It increases the production.
3. Supply of Inputs :The productivity can be increased by using the modern inputs like improved seeds and fertilizer. The government
should provide the adequate supply of these inputs to the farmers at the lower rates.
4. Use of Machinery :There is a need of modern technology for the improvement of agricultural product. The government of Pakistan has
also realized the importance of machinery. So agricultural development bank and agricultural development
corporation is providing the machinery on low rates.
5. Establishment of Credit Institutions :The government should establish the various financial institutions which may provide the credit to the small farmers
on low rate of interest. In Pakistan the government has established the specialized credit institutions to provide the
loan to the farmers.
6. Control on Waterlogged :The productivity of agriculture sector can increase by reclaiming the areas affected by water logging. Tube wells
should be installed in those areas.
7 Incentive to the Farmers :The prices of the agriculture product should be at such level that it may encourage the farmers. In Pakistan rural
development programme has been started to improve the economic condition of the rural areas. The government also
fixes reasonable prices of wheat, rice, cotton and sugar to encourage the farmers every year.
8. Consolidation of Land :Small holdings in different areas can not be cultivated by one owner properly. So it is better to consolidate all the
pieces of land at one place. Keeping in view this problem the government of Pakistan issued the act 1960
consolidation of land.
9. Market Facilities :The government should improve the agricultural market. The rural area should be linked with the urban markets by
the roads. The farmers may be able to get the fair return of their product.

What is the agricultural marketing and what

are the main defects of agricultural
marketing?
Agriculture Marketing :-

All the activities like transportation processing, storage, grading are including in the agriculture marketing. These
activities are inadequate in the economy of every country.
PROBLEMS or DEFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETING :An organized marketing system ensure better returns to the farmer. It also stables the market prices. It protects the
interest of both consumers and producers. But in most of underdeveloped countries agricultural marketing is not well
organized and farmers are facing many problems to sell their products.
Following are the main problems of agricultural marketing :

1. Lack of Transportation Facility :It is the main obstacle in the way of efficient marketing. The rural areas are not linked with the market by roads. A lot
of agricultural product is wasted due to transport problem.
2. Poor Quality of Product :Farmer is not using the improved seeds and fertilizers so quality of production is very poor and its prices are low in
the market.
3. Role of Middleman :The middleman also takes a big share of farmer's income without doing anything. A poor farmer borrows the money
from them and sells his product at lower rates.
4. Lack of Grading :In case of agricultural commodities the mixing of good and bad products is very common in developing countries like
India and Pakistan. There is no proper method of grading these crops. It creates a problem of marketing inside and
outside the country.
5. Lack of Credit Facilities :The credit facilities are not adequate to meet the farmer's requirement. Poor farmer is borrows the money from
private money lenders at tied conditions.
6. Problems of Produce Collection :The collection of produce from small farmers is very expensive and a difficult process. It is a great problem for the
efficient marketing.
7. Lack of Storage Facility :The storage facilities are required by the producers as well as by the government. The farmers need storage to sell
their product at a suitable time. The government needs stores for keeping reserve stocks. Due to lack of storage
facilities a lot of product is damaged on railway stations and in open air.
8. Weight and Measures :In various parts of weight and measures are not same. So a farmer suffers a loss at the time of buying selling of his
product.
9. Market News :Most of farmers in underdeveloped countries are uneducated and they knows nothing about the market conditions.
So farmer is unable to achieve the real price of his product.
MEASURE TO IMPROVE THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING:Following measures can be adopted to improve the agricultural marketing :
1. Improved Transport Facilities :The government should increase the road facilities and rural areas should be linked with the markets. It will enable
the farmer to sell his product in the market directly in the hands of consumers.
2. Increase in the Credit Facilities :The government should increase the credit facilities to the small farmers. No doubt all the commercial banks are
providing this facility to the farmers but still it is not sufficient.
3. Increase in Storage Facility :The government should provide loan to the framer for storage facilities. The government should also construct the
stores to keep the stocks of various goods.
4. Market Reforms :The government should improve the market system in the country. Market committee should be reorganized. Markets
inspectors should check the prices of agricultural products. The strict laws should be introduced.
5. New Markets :The government should build the new markets near the producing centers. It will enable the farmer to get proper
reward.
6. Cold Storage :This i an important part of organized markets. These are very useful for the perishable goods like fruits and vegetable.

The government should expand the scope of cold storage.

7. Market Information :Market demand and supply condition can be provided to the framers through radio, T.V and newspaper. The
government should also pay special attention to this side.
8. Grading of Product :There are various agencies which are busy in grading agricultural product. There is a need to expand these
organizations for effective of marketing system,
9. Marketing Research :The government should allocate a sufficient amount on marketing research to make the agricultural marketing more
effective.