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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
Chemical Energetics
Energetics
Relationship between mechanical work done (W) and heat (H) produced
W H or W = J H
J = mechanical equivalent of heat
Value of J = 4.814 107 erg = 4.814 joule
Work done by a gas for expansion from volume V1 to volume V2 against a constant external
pressure P is given as
W = P (V2 V1) = P V
One litre atm ( L atm) = 101.3 Joule
Sign conventions
E = E final E initial
For a chemical reaction E = EP ER
Enthalpy
qv = E
Heat of reaction at constant pressure
qp = H
H = E + n RT
n = Total moles of gaseous product Total moles of gaseous reactant
Entropy change
dT = 0, dE = 0
dq = 0
dp = 0
dv = 0, work done = 0
S = q reversible
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
Entropy of fusion
Entropy of vaporization
T
S = (Entropies of products)
S fusion = H fusion
T
S vaporization = H vap ,
Tb
S +
S
0
(system)
Free energy
G = H TS
Free energy change
G = H T S
(Gibbs Helmholtz equation)
(Entropies of reactant)
(surrounding)
Level -- ii
1.
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Chemical Energetics
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(A) H = 50, S = 50
(B) H = 90, S = 20
(C) H = 20, S = 50
6.
(D) H = 90, S = 20
A certain reaction is exothermic by 220 k J and does 10 k J of work. What is the change in the
internal energy of the system at constant temperature ?
(A) + 230 k J
(B) + 210 k J
(C) 210 k J
(D) 230
kJ
7.
1kJ
C (s) + O2 (g)
3935 J
CO2 (g)
= +234
H =
(A) 16487 k J
(B) 12553 k J
(C) 10212 k J
(D) 1294 k J
8.
A large positive value of G corresponds to which of these
(A) small positive K
(B) small negative K (C) large positive K
(D) large negative K
9.
Consider this equation and the associated value for H
2H2 (g) + 2Cl2 (g)
4HCl (g)
H = 923 k J
Which statement about this information is incorrect?
(A) If the equation is reversed, the H value equals to + 923 k J
(B) The four HCl bonds are stronger than four bonds in H2 and Cl2.
(C) The H value will be 923 k J if the HCl is produced as a liquid
(D) 231 k J of heat will be evolved when 1 mole of HCl (g) is produced
10.
For a particular reaction H = 383 k J and S = 113 J K1. This reaction is
(A) spontaneous at all temperature
(B) non-spontaneous at all temperature
(C) spontaneous at temperature below 66C (D) spontaneous at temperature above 66C
11.
What is G for this reaction
N2 (g) + 3/2 H2 (g)
NH3 (g)
Kp = 442 104 at 25C
(A) 265 k J mol1
(B) 115 k J mol1
(C) 22 k J mol1
(D) 097 k J mol1
12.
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
(A) only 1
(B) 1 & 2 only
(C) 2 & 3 only
(D) 1, 2 & 3
The value of H for a reaction can be found by appropriate combination of bond enthalpies. Which
expression will give H for this reaction?
C2H4 (g) + H2 (g)
C2H6 (g)
(A) BEC C + BEH H [BEC C
+ 2BEC H]
(B) BEC C + 2BEC H [BEC C + BEH H]
(C) () BEC C + BEH H 2BEC H
(D) 2BEC H () BEC C + BEH H
16.
What is sign of G and the value of K for an electrochemical cell for which Ecell = 080 V
G
K
G
K
(A)
>1
(B) +
>1
(C)
+
<1
(D)
<1
17.
For which process would S be expected to have greatest positive value?
(A) O2 (g) + 2H2 (g)
2H2O (g)
(B) H2O (s)
H2O ()
(C) H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2HI (g)
(D) N2O4 (g)
2NO2 (g)
18.
All are state function except
(A) pressure
(B) heat
(C) free energy
(D)
enthalpy
19.
Use the given heat of formation to calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction
15.
39173 k J
20.
For which of these processes is the value of S negative?
I. Sugar is dissolved in water
II.
Steam condenses on a surface
III.
CaCO3 is decomposed into CaO & CO2
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I & III only
(D) II & III only
21.
Which of these species has a standard enthalpy of formation equal to zero?
(A) F2 (g)
(B) F (g)
(C) HF (aq)
(D) F (aq)
22.
Under what circumstance would the free energy change for a reaction be relatively temperature
independent?
(A) H is negative
(B) H is positive
(C) S has a large positive value
(D) S has a small value
23.
Which one of the following reactions is accompanied by an endothermic change is equal to bond
energy for HI ?
(A) HI (g)
H (g) + I (g) (B) HI (g)
H (g) + I2 (g) (C) HI (g)
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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
H+ (g) + I (g)
(D) 2HI (g)
H2 (g) + I2 (g)
24.
The boiling point of chloroform CHCl3 is 617C and its enthalpy of vaporization is 314 k J mol1.
Calculate molar entropy of vaporization for chloroform
(A) 107 J mol1 K1
(B) 938 J mol1 K1
(C) 301 J mol1 K1
(D) 509 J mol1 K1
25.
E is measured at constant volume and H is measured at constant pressure. For the reaction
2C (s) + O2 (g)
2CO (g)
H < 0 k J
How do E and H compare for this reaction?
(A) E < H
(B) E > H
(C) E = H
(D) impossible to tell from this
information
26.
The free energy change for a chemical reaction that occurs in a voltaic cell when it is charging to
be ready to use must be
(A) negative
(B) positive
(C) zero
(D)
depends on type of cell
27.
A certain reaction is non-spontaneous at lower temperature but becomes spontaneous at higher
temperature. For this reason
(A) S is +ve
(B) S is +ve
(C) S is +ve
(D) G becomes
+ve at higher temperature
28.
When an ideal gas expands into a vacuum, which of the following is true?
(A) Its entropy remains same
(B) Its temperature remains same
(C) Its internal energy decrease
(D) It does work on surrounding
29.
Which of the following statements is false?
(A) A spontaneous reaction can be endothermic (B)
A catalyst can be used to speed up some
spontaneous reaction
(B) For a system at equilibrium G reaction = 0 (D)
A spontaneous reaction must have negative
enthalpy
30.
Which of the following substance has highest entropy at 25C?
(A) 1 mole of NH3 (g) (B) 10 mole of Ne (g) (C) 10 mole of Ar (g) (D) 1 mole of H2O ()
31.
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
44.
The heat of neutralization of four acids a, b, c and d when neutralized against a common base are
137, 94, 112 and 124 k cal respectively. the weakest among these acids is
(A) a
(B) b
(C) c
(D) d
45.
Consider the reaction N2 + 3H2
2NH3 carried out at constant temperature and pressure.
If H and U are the enthalpy and internal energy changes for the reaction, which of the following
expression is true
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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
(A) H = 0
IIT/AIEEE
(B) H = U
U
46.
(C) H < U
(D) H >
In a closed insulated container, a liquid is stirred with a paddle to increase its temperature. In this
process, which of the following is true
(A) E = w = Q = 0 (B) E 0, Q = w = 0
(C) E = w 0, Q = 0
(D) E =
Q 0, w = 0
47.
Standard enthalpy and standard entropy changes for oxidation of ammonia at 298 K are 38264 k
J mol1 & 1456 J K1 mol1 respectively. Standard Gibbs energy change for same reaction at 298 K is
(A) 4393 k J mol1 (B) 5232 k J mol1 (C) 2211 k J mol1
(D) 3393 k J mol1
48.
In an irreversible process taking place at constant T and P and in which only pressure volume
work is being done, the change in Gibbs free energy (dG) and change in entropy (dS), satisfy the
criteria
(A) (dS)V, E < 0, (dG)T, P < 0
(B) (dS)V, E > 0, (dG)T, P < 0
(C) (dS)V, E = 0, (dG)T, P = 0
49.
Which of the following compounds will absorb the maximum quantity of heat when dissolved in
same amount of water? The heat of solution of these compounds at 25C in k J / mol of each solute is
given in brackets
(A) HNO3 (H = 33)
(B) KCl (H = + 1764) (C) NH4NO3 (H = + 255)
(D) HCl (H =
741)
50.
Standard molar enthalpy of formation of CO2 is equal to
(A) Zero
(B) The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of gaseous carbon
(C) The sum of standard molar enthalpies of formation of CO & O2
(D) The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of carbon graphite
51.
Consider entropy (S) as a thermodynamic parameter, the criterion for the spontaneity of any
process is
(A) S system > 0 only
(B) S surrounding > 0 only
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
ANSWERS KEY
1
B
16
A
31
C
46
C
2
A
17
D
32
C
47
D
3
B
18
B
33
A
48
B
Level - 1
4
D
19
C
34
B
49
C
5
C
20
B
35
C
50
D
6
D
21
A
36
D
51
C
7
A
22
D
37
B
52
B
8
A
23
D
38
D
53
C
9
C
24
B
39
A
54
B
10
C
25
A
40
A
55
B
11
A
26
B
41
A
56
D
12
B
27
A
42
C
57
C
13
A
28
B
43
C
14
A
29
D
44
B
15
A
30
B
45
C
Level -- IIII
1.
2.
kJ
3.
(D) 841
500 m of 010 M HCL is mixed with 500 m of 010 M NaOH. The solution temperature rises by
3C. Calculate enthalpy of neutralization per mole of HCl
(Solution values; Cp = 418 J g10 C, density = 10 g m1)
(A) 25 102 k J (B) 13 102 k J
(C) 84 101 k J
(D) 63 101 k J
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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
4.
IIT/AIEEE
100
2710 k J
8.
What amount of heat will be evolved when 05 kg plaster of Paris sets? H of H2O () = 2858 kJ
/mol, H of CaSO4 = 1434 k J / mol, H of CaSO4 H2O = 1577 k J / mol and H CaSO4 2H2O is
2023 k J / mol
(A) 173
(B) 596
(C) 1540
(D) 589
9.
For auto-ionization reaction of H2O as H2O
H+ (aq) + OH (aq) G at 25C is
(A) 80 k J
(B) 135 k J
(C) 135 k J
(D) 93
kJ
10.
Consider a process in which one mole of ice is heated from absolute zero to some temperature
above its boiling point, which part of this process has largest entropy change?
(A) Heating the ice from 0K to 0C
(B) Melting ice to make water
(C) Boiling the water to make steam
(D) Heating water from 0C to 100C
11.
g
12.
We have a glass containing 200 g water at 25C and supply of ice at 0C. The enthalpy of fusion of
ice is 6 k J / mol and specific heat of water is 4184 J / g C. How many grams of ice need to be added to
glass to reduce the temperature to 0C?
(A) 573 g
(B) 47 g
(C) 626 g
(D) 129
For the reaction in which ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere by combination of atomic
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
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oxygen with oxygen gas, 105 k J energy is released in formation of every mole of ozone. Also H (O3)
= 143 k J / mol. Standard enthalpy of formation of atomic oxygen (O) in upper atmosphere is
(A) 248
(B) 38
(C) 248
(D) zero
13.
One mole of a non-ideal gas undergoes a change of state (20 atm, 30 L, 95 K) (40 atm, 50 L,
245 K) with a change in internal energy U = 300 L atm. The change in enthalpy (H) of the process
in L atm is
(A) 400
(B) 423
(C) 440
(D) not defined,
because pressure in not constant
14.
A plot of the Gibbs energy of a reaction mixture a against the extent of the reaction is
(A) Minimum at equilibrium
(B) Zero at equilibrium
(C) Equal to H T S at equilibrium
(D) Maximum at equilibrium
15.
A system is taken from state A to state B along the different paths 1 and 2. The heat absorbed and
work done by the system along these paths are Q1 and Q2 and W1 and W2 respectively. Then
(A) Q1 = Q2
(B) Q1 + W1 = Q2 + W2 (C) W1 = W2
(D) Q1 W1 = Q2 W2
16.
Calculate the difference between H and U when 10 mol of gray tin (density = 575 g cm3)
changes to white tin (density = 731 g cm3) at 100 bar (at 298 K, H = + 21 k J, atomic weight of Sn =
1190)
(A) 88 k J
(B) 44 k J
(C) 22 k J
(D) + 4
4kJ
17.
The enthalpy of neutralization of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) by a strong base is 254 k cal mol1. The
enthalpy of neutralization of the reaction between a strong acid and strong base is 137 k cal equi1.
The enthalpy of dissociation of H2C2O4
2H+ + C2O42 is
1
1
(A) 10 k cal mol
(B) 20 k cal mol
(C) 1855 k cal mol1 (D) 117 k cal mol1
18.
H2 (g) + O2 (g)
H2O ()
BE (H H) = x1, BE (O O) = x2, BE (O H) = x3. Latent heat of vaporization of water liquid into
water vapour = x4, then H (heat of formation of liquid water) is
(A) x1 + x2 x3 + x4
(B) 2x3 x1 x2 x4
2
(C) x1 + x2 2x3 x4
2
(D) x1 + x2 2x3 + x4
2
2
Work done when 100 g of Fe reacts with hydrochloric acid in open beaker at a atmosphere
pressure of 09 atm at 25C is
(A) 22 k J
(B) 44 k J
(C) 198 k J
(D) 3
96 k J
20.
The bond dissociation energies of CH4 and C2H6 respectively are 360 and 620 k cal mol1. The C C
bond energy would be
(A) 260 k cal mol1
(B) 180 k cal mol1
(C) 130 k cal mol1
(D) 80 k cal mol1
21.
From the following data, calculate heat of neutralization of NH3 (aq) and HCl (aq)
1. NH3 (g) + aq.
NH3 (aq) + 84 k cal
2. HCl (g) + aq.
HCl (aq) + 178 k cal
3. NH3 (g) + HCl (g) + aq.
NH4Cl (aq) + 382 k cal
(A) 125 k cal
(B) 137 k cal
(C) 63 k cal
(D) 15 k cal
19.
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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
22.
An engine absorbs 5000 k cal from a source at 127C. If the temperature of the sink is 27C, then the
efficiency of the engine, useful work and heat lost to the sink are respectively
(A) 25%, 1250 k cal and 3750 k cal
(B) 25%, 125 k cal and 3750 k cal
(C) 25%, 750 k cal and 2570 k cal
(D) 75%, 1250 k cal and 2250 k cal
23.
The heat of combustion of benzene, determined in a bomb colorimeter is 870 k cal mol1 at 298 K.
The value of E for the reaction is
(A) 1740 k cal mol1 (B) 870 k cal mol1
(C) + 870 k cal mol1
(D) + 1740 k cal
1
mol
24.
The heat of combustion of solid benzoic acid at constant volume is 32130 k J mol1 at 300 K. The
heat of combustion at constant pressure is
(A) 321300 300 R (B) 321300 + 300 R (C) 321300 150 R (D) 321300 + 900 R
25.
One mole of a perfect gas expands isothermally to ten times its original volume. The change in
entropy is
(A) 01 R
(B) 2303 R
(C) 100 R
(D) 100
0R
26.
When one mole of an ideal gas is compressed to half of its initial volume and simultaneously
heated to twice its initial temperature, the change in entropy (S)
(A) CV n 2
(B) CP n 2
(C) R n 2
(D) (CV
CP) n 2
27.
One mole of an ideal gas at 300 K is expanded isothermally form an initial volume of 1 litre to 10
litre. The value of E for this process is (R = 2 cal K1 mol1)
(A) 1637 cal
(B) 13811 cal
(C) 9 litre atm
(D) zero
28.
AB, A2 and B2 are diatomic molecules. If the bond enthalpies of A2, AB and B2 are in the ratio 1 : 1 : 0
5 and the enthalpy of formation of AB from A2 and B2 is 100 k J mol1, what is bond enthalpy of A2 ?
(A) 400 k J mol1
(B) 200 k J mol1
(C) 100 k J mol1
(D) 300 k J mol1
29.
Ten grams of methanol () is vaporized under reversible conditions at its boiling temperature of 78
C and the vapours are allowed to expand at constant pressure of 1 atmosphere. If the heat of
vaporization of methanol is 467 calories per gram. For the overall change which of the following will
be zero?
(A) E
(B) S
(C) H
(D) G
30.
For an endothermic reaction where H represents the enthalpy of reaction in k J / mole, the
minimum value for energy of activation will be
(A) Less than H
(B) Zero
(C) More than H
(D)
Equal to H
31.
If for a given substance melting point is TB and freezing point is TA, then correct variation shown
by graph between entropy change and temperature is
(A) S
TB
TB
(B) S
TA
TB
(C) S
TA
TB
(D) S
TA
TA
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Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
IIT/AIEEE
T
The enthalpy change for the reaction of 5000 m of ethylene with 5000 m of H2 at 15 atm
pressure is H = 031 k J. The value of E will be
(A) 03024 k J
(B) 03024 k J
(C) 2567 k J
(D) 0.0076 k J
The free energy change for the following reactions are given below
C2H2 (g) + 5/2 O2 (g)
2CO2 (g) + H2O ()
G = 1234 k J
C (s) + O2 (g)
CO2 (g)
G = 394 k J
H2 (g) + O2 (g)
H2O ()
G = 237 k J
What is the standard free energy change for the reaction H2 (g) + 2C (s)
C2H2 (g)
(A) 209 k J
(B) 2259 k J
(C) + 2259 k J
(D) 209 k J
The densities of graphite and diamond at 298 K are 225 and 331 g/cm3 respectively. If standard
free energy difference (G) is equal to 1895 J mol1, the pressure at which graphite will be
transformed diamond at 298 K is
(A) 992 105 Pa
(B) 992 108 Pa
(C) 992 107 Pa
(D) 992 106
Pa
How much energy is released when 6 moles of octane is burnt in air? Given H for CO2(g), H2O (g)
and C8H18 () respectively are 490, 240 and + 160 k J / mol
(A) 62 k J
(B) 374 k J
(C) 355 k J
(D) 20
0kJ
One gram sample of NH4NO3 is decomposed in a bomb calorimeter. The temperature of
calorimeter increases by 612 K the heat capacity of the system is 123 k J /g / deg. What is molar heat
of decomposition or NH4NO3
(A) 753 k J / mol
(B) 3981 k J / mol
(C) 161 k J / mol
(D) 602 k J / mol
A cylinder gas is assumed to contain 112 kg of butane. If a normal family needs 20000 k J of
energy per day. The cylinder will last: (Give H for combustion of butane is 2658 k J)
(A) 20 days
(B) 25 days
(C) 26 days
(D)
24
days
If enthalpies of formation of C2H4 (g), CO2 (g) and H2O () at 25C and 1 atm pressure be 52, 394
and 286 k J mol1 respectively, the enthalpy of combustion of C2H4 (g) will be
(A) + 1412 k J mol1
(B) 1412 k J mol1
(C) + 1412 k J mol1 (D) 1412 k J mol1
The difference between heats of reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume for the
reaction
2C6H6 () + 15O2 (g)
12CO2 (g) + 6H2O () at 25C in k J is
(A) 743
(B) + 372
(C) 372
(D) + 7
43
40.
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Chemical Energetics
BRIDGING TALENT
42.
IIT/AIEEE
44.
The enthalpy of neutralization of a weak acid is 1 M solution with a strong base is 56. 1 k J mol1. If
enthalpy of ionization of the acid is 15 k J mol1 and enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid with
strong base is 573 k J equi1, what is % ionization of weak acid in molar solution (acid is monobasic)
(A) 10
(B) 15
(C) 20
(D) 25
45.
When 110 g of manganese (At. mass = 55) dissolve in dilute HNO3 at 27C under atmospheric
pressure the work done in the process is
(A) 24942 J
(B) 24942 J
(C) 49884 J
(D)
49884 J
46.
The difference between heat change at constant pressure and at constant volume for the
combustion of 46 g of ethanal at 27Cis
(A) 459 k J
(B) + 459 k J
(C) + 249 k J
(D) 249 k J
47.
When 01 mole of anhydrous CuSO4 is dissolved in water, the heat evolved in 1451 k cal. If 01
mole of CuSO45H2O is dissolved in water, the heat absorbed is 0264 k cal. The molar heat of
hydration of CuSO4 is
(A) 1187 k cal
(B) 1187 k cal
(C) 1715 k cal
(D) 1715 k cal
48.
BRIDGING
BRIDGING TALENT
TALENT
Rd.Dehradun.
2nd Centre : 72, Subhash Road, Chetan Palace, Opp. CMI Hospital, D.Dun
BR
ID
GI
NG
TT
14
Chemical Energetic-I
BRIDGING TALENT
IIT/AIEEE
52.
Htransition of S (M)
S (R) is 27530 J whereas Gtransition of S (R)
S (M) is + 7530 J.
What is entropy change for the process of conversion of one mol of rhombic sulphur to monoclinic
sulphur?
(A) 0671 J K1
(B) 0671 k J K1
(C) + 0532 k J K1
(D) + 0671 J K1
53.
The table given below lists the bond dissociation energy (Ediss) for single covalent bonds formed
between C and atoms A, B, D, E
Bond
Edis (k cal mol1)
CA
240
CB
382
CD
276
CE
486
Which of the atoms has smallest size?
(A) D
(B) E
(C) A
(D) B
54.
In a flask colourless N2O4 is in equilibrium with brown coloured NO2. At equilibrium when flask is
heated at 100C, the brown colour deepend and on cooling it becomes less coloured. The change in
enthalpy H for system is
(A) Negative
(B) Positive
(C) Zero
(D) undefined
ANSWERS KEY
1
B
16
B
31
A
46
D
2
A
17
B
32
A
47
D
Level - II
3
A
18
C
33
D
48
D
4
A
19
B
34
B
49
C
5
D
20
D
35
B
50
C
6
B
21
A
36
A
51
C
7
D
22
A
37
C
52
D
8
A
23
B
38
B
53
B
9
A
24
C
39
A
54
B
10
C
25
B
40
C
BRIDGING
BRIDGING TALENT
TALENT
11
C
26
D
41
D
12
A
27
D
42
D
13
B
28
B
43
B
14
A
29
D
44
C
15
D
30
C
45
C
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Phone No. 0135-6455277, 9219595277 (M)r