Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 1. / Este material le
permitir estudiar los temas relacionados con la actividad de aprendizaje 1.
You will learn about: / Los temas a tratar son:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Where / Dnde Adnde: Where is used to ask for information about places or locations
of people or things. / Where se usa para solicitar informacin sobre lugares o ubicaciones
de personas u objetos.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
Who / Quin: Who is used to ask for information about people. / Who se usa para solicitar
informacin sobre las personas.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
Which / Cul: Which is used to ask about a choice, preference, or to distinguish between
two things when the options or objects in question are clear. / Which se usa para preguntar
sobre una eleccin, preferencia o para distinguir entre dos opciones u objetos cuando las
opciones son explcitas.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
Why / Por qu: Why is used to ask for reasons or explanations. / Why se usa para
preguntar por razones o explicaciones.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
When / Cundo: When is used to ask for information about a certain period of time. /
When se usa para preguntar informacin sobre un perodo especfico de tiempo.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
Pronombres sujeto
Ejemplos
Yo
T usted
l
Ella
Esto
Nosotros
Vosotros - ustedes
Ellos
In this case, I is the subject who performs the action and her is the object that is receiving
the action. / En este caso, I es el sujeto quien realiza la accin y her es el objeto, que est
recibiendo la accin.
The list of object pronouns is shown below: / La lista de pronombres objeto es mostrada a
continuacin:
Subject pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Object pronoun
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Possessive adjectives
My / Mi
Your / Tuyo singular / De ustedes plural
His / Suyo masculino
Her / Suyo femenino
Its / Suyo para cosas o animales
Our / Nuestro
They
Their / De ellos
Examples: / Ejemplos:
o
o
o
o
o
My name is Kelly.
I like their proposal about the project.
George is in his apartment.
Why does Lorena leave her bag in the office?
This is a good school. Our students are good people.
B. A list of some countries and nationalities is shown below. Una lista de algunos pases y
nacionalidades se muestra a continuacin.
Country / Pas
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Australia
Cameroon
Canada
China
Colombia
Denmark
Egypt
England
France
Germany
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Morocco
Nigeria
Panama
Poland
Russia
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
Nationality / Nacionalidad
Afghan
Albanian
Algerian
Andorran
Angolan
Australian
Cameroonian
Canadian
Chinese
Colombian
Danish
Egyptian
English
French
German
Iranian
Iraqi
Japanese
Moroccan
Nigerian
Panamanian
Polish
Russian
Saudi Arabian
South African
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom (UK)
United States of America (USA)
Spanish
Turkish
British
North American
5. Professions / Profesiones
Professions
Accountant
Actor
Architect
Astronaut
Babysitter
Baker
Bank clerk
Bricklayer
Bus driver
Butcher
Chemist
Consultant
Cook
Dentist
Doctor
Driver
Electrician
Employee
Engineer
Factory worker
Farmer
Fashion designer
Firefighter
Fisherman
Gardener
Graphic designer
Hairdresser
Inspector
Interior designer
Jeweller
Journalist
Judge
Lawyer
Librarian
Lorry driver
Mechanic
Model
Mail carrier
Nurse
Office worker
Painter
Profesiones
Contador/a
Actor - actriz
Arquitecto/a
Astronauta
Niero/a
Panadero/a
Empleado/a bancario
Albail/a
Conductor/a de autobs
Carnicero/a
Farmacutico/a
Asesor/a
Cocinero/a
Dentista
Doctor / Doctora
Conductor/a
Electricista
Empleado/a
Ingeniero/a
Obrero/a
Agricultor / agricultora
Diseador/a de modas
Bombero/a
Pescador/a
Jardinero/a
Diseador/a
Peluquero/a
Inspector / inspectora
Diseador/a de interiores
Joyero/a
Periodista
Juez/a
Abogado/a
Bibliotecario/a
Camionero/a
Mecnico/a
Modelo
Cartero/a
Enfermero/a
Oficinista
Pintor / pintora
Photographer
Pilot
Plumber
Police officer
Politician
Psychologist
Receptionist
Reporter
Salesman-saleswoman
Secretary
Security guard
Shoemaker
Singer
Soldier
Student
Surgeon
Tailor
Taxi driver
Teacher
Technician
Veterinarian
Waiter
Waitress
Watchmaker
Writer
Fotgrafo/a
Piloto
Plomero/a
Polica
Poltico/a
Psiclogo/a
Recepcionista
Reportero/a
Vendedor/a
Secretario/a
Guardia de seguridad
Zapatero/a
Cantante
Soldado
Estudiante
Cirujano/a
Sastre - sastra
Taxista
Profesor/a
Tcnico/a
Veterinario/a
Camarero
Camarera
Relojero/a
Escritor/a
b. When we refer to rivers, oceans and seas. / Cuando nos referimos a ros, ocanos o
mares.
Example / Ejemplo:
o
The Amazon River, the Atlantic Ocean, the East China Sea.
c. When we refer to things that are unique. / Cuando nos referimos a cosas nicas.
Example / Ejemplo:
o
They are unique, because there is only one of a kind. / Son nicas porque slo hay una de
su clase.
d. When there is only one of a kind in a place or in a surrounding area. / Cuando slo
existe uno (a) de su clase en un lugar o a los alrededores.
Example / Ejemplo:
o
o
Note: The is not used when referring to: / Nota: The no se usa cuando se refiere a:
Countries. / Pases.
Correct / Correcto
France is a touristic place.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
The France is a touristic place.
Exception 1: with countries that include words like kingdom, states or republic the is used.
Excepcin 1: cuando los pases incluyen palabras como kingdom, states, o republic, the
es usado.
The United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Republic of China.
Exception 2: with countries with plural nouns. / Excepcin 2: con pases con nombre en
plural.
The Philippines.
Languages. / Idiomas.
Correct / Correcto
Portuguese is an important language.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
The portuguese is an important language.
Correct / Correcto
Breakfast is a necessary meal.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
The breakfast is a necessary meal.
Professions. / Profesiones.
Correct / Correcto
Medicine is a long career.
Correct / Correcto
I love Christmas.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
My house is on the 7th street.
Sports. / Deportes.
Correct / Correcto
My husband plays tennis.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
He is in the prison.
Streets. / Calles.
Correct / Correcto
My house is on 7th street.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
I love the Christmas.
Correct / Correcto
He is in prison.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
The medicine is a long career.
Incorrect / Incorrecto
My husband plays the tennis.
Correct / Correcto
Incorrect / Incorrecto
Rice is a nutritious product.
The rice is a nutritious product.
Indefinite articles refer to non-specific nouns. There are two kinds of indefinite
articles: a and an. / Los artculos indefinidos se usan con sustantivos no
especficos. Hay dos tipos de artculos indefinidos: a y an.
Example / Ejemplo:
An apple, a pencil, an ambulance, a book.
Note: compare the following examples. / Nota: compare los siguientes ejemplos.
I have a book.
The article a is used because it refers to a book in general, not to a specific one. / El
artculo a es usado porque aqu se hace referencia a un libro en general, no a uno
especfico.
The history book is interesting.
The article the is used because it refers to a specific book, in this case, the History
book. / El artculo the es usado porque se refiere a un libro especfico, en este caso al
libro de historia.
a. The indefinite article a is used before nouns that begin with consonant sounds. / El
artculo a se usa antes de sustantivos que inician con un sonido de consonante.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
b. The indefinite article an is used before nouns that begin with vowel sounds. / El artculo
an se usa antes de sustantivos que inician con un sonido de vocal.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
c. The indefinite articles are also used before professions and job titles. / Los artculos
indefinidos tambin son usados antes de las profesiones o cargos.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
She is an engineer.
He is a doctor.
d. When you refer to a specific person with a profession or job title, you should use the
definite article the. / Cuando se refiere a una persona especfica con una profesin o
cargo, usted debe usar el artculo definido the.
Examples / Ejemplos:
o
Father
Mother
Son
Daughter
Brother
Sister
Husband
Wife
Pap
Mam
Hijo
Hija
Hermano
Hermana
Esposo
Esposa
Tatarabuelo
Tatarabuela
Bisabuelo
Bisabuela
Abuelo
Abuela
Nieto
Nieta
Bisnieto
Bisnieta
Tataranieto
Tataranieta
Abuelos
Nietos
To
Ta
Primo
Sobrino
Sobrina
Suegro
Suegra
Yerno
Nuera
Cuado
Cuada
Padrastro
Madrastra
Hijastro
Stepdaughter
Stepsister
Stepbrother
Half-brother
Half-sister
Hijastra
Hermanastra
Hermanastro
Medio hermano
Medio hermana