1.

_____ the demands of aerospace, medicine, and agriculture, aengineers, are creating exotic new
metallic substances.
(A) Meet
(B) Being met are
(C) To meet
(D) They are meeting
2. _______ James A. Bland, Carry Me Back to Old Virginny was adopted is the state song of
Virginia in 1940.
(A) Was written b
(B) His writing was
(C) He wrote the
(D) Written by
3. Mary Garden, ______ the early 1900s was considered one of the best singing actresses of her
time.
(A) a soprano was popular
(B) in a popular soprano
(C) was a popular soprano
(D) a popular soprano in
4. In the realm of psychological theory Margaret F. Washburn was a dualist _____ that motor
phenomena have an essential role in psychology.
(A) who she believed
(B) who believed
(C) believed
(D) who did she believe

A. Contoh Soal TOEFL Written Expression

16. On Ellesmere Island in the Arctic one fossil forest consist of a nearly hundred
A
B
large stumps scattered on an exposed coal bed.
C
D
17. The surface conditions on the planet Mars are the more like the Earths than are
A
B
C
those of any other planet in the solar system.
D
18. The midnight sun is a phenomenon in which the Sun visible remains in the sky
A
B
C

for twenty-four hours or longer.

D
19. The Humber River and its valley form a major salmon-fishing, lumbering, hunting,
A
B
C
and farmer region in western Newfoundland, Canada.
D

Pembahasan Soal dan Jawaban

A. Structure
1. Jawab
: (C) To meet
Keyword
: the demands of aerospace
Pembahasan : Pola infinitive phrase: to infinitive + object of to infinitive
Kalimat tersebut menyatakan tujuan atau maksud. Maka dibutuhkan to infinitive
phrase.
Sehingg pilihan phrase yang tepat untuk mengisi rumpang tersebut adalah to
meet.
2. Jawab
: (D) Written by
Keyword
: James A. Bland
Pembahasan : Kalimat di atas membutuhkan Adjective Phrase untuk menerangkan kata benda
Carry Me Back to Old Virginny.
Frasa ajektif yang paling tepat adalah Written by. Mengapa disebut frasa ajektif,
karea past participle (v3) yang
tidak ditemani bentuk be atau have adalah sebuah ajektif.
3. Jawab
: (D) a popular soprano in
Keyword
: Mary Garden
Pembahasan : Kalimat pada soal membutuhkan Appositive Phrase. Mary Garden dan appositive
phrase (a popular soprano)
memiliki makna yang sama. Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah a popular soprano
in.
4. Jawab
: (B) Who believed
Keyword
: a dualist
Pembahasan : Pola adjective clause : (Conj. + S + V).
Untuk menerangkan kata benda a dualist maka klausa yang tepat adalah who
believed.
B. Written Expression.
16. Jawab
: (B) a nearly

Keyword
: hundred large stumps
Pembahasan : a nearly -> nearly
Kata a nearly tidak memerlukan indefinite article/determiner a, karena kata
benda stumps adalah plural.
17. Jawab
: (B) The more
Keyword
: the planet Mars
Pembahasan : the more -> more
Pola comparative: more ___ than ___
Maka seharusnya tidak perlu definite article the tapi cukup more saja.
18. Jawab
: (B) visible remains
Keyword
: the sun
Pembahasan : visible remains -> remains visible
Kata the sun dalam anak kalimat di atas memerlukan predicate bukan noun
phrase (visible remains).
Yang tepat seharusnya remains visible.
19. Jawab
: (D) farmer
Keyword
: and
Pembahasan : farmer -> farming
Konjungsi and digunakan untuk menghubungkan kelas kata yang sederajat.
Karena sebelum and bentuk
katanya adalah gerund maka kata farmer seharusnya diubah dalam bentuk
gerund juga yaitu farming.

Contoh 1:
_________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
(A)

Yesterday

(B)

In the morning

(C)

Traffic

(D)

Cars

Pembahasan Soal dan Jawaban

Dalam contoh di atas Anda melihat langsung bahwa ada sebuah kata kerja (verb), tapi tidak ada
subjek. Jawaban (C) adalah jawaban yang tepat karena mengandung subjek tunggal "traffic" dan
sesuai dengan kata kerja tunggal "was". Jawaban (A), "yesterday", dan jawaban (B), "in the
morning", bukanlah subjek, karenanya keduanya tidak benar. Meskipun jawaban (D), "cars", bisa jadi

subjek, itu pun tidak benar. Karena "cars" berbentuk jamak, sehingga tidak sesuai dengan kata
kerja tunggal "was".
Contoh 2:
Engineers________ for work on the new space program.
(A)

necessary

(B)

are needed

(C)

hopefully

(D)

next month

Pembahasan Soal dan Jawaban

Dalam contoh ini, bahwa kalimat di atas, Engineers sebagai subject, namun tidak ditemukan kata
kerja (verb). Karenanya, jawaban (B) merupakan jawaban paling tepat. Karena "are needed" adalah
kata kerja. Sedangkan, jawaban (A), (C), dan (D) bukanlah verb, sehingga bukanlah jawaban yang
benar.
Contoh 3:
Fitzgerald_______ the society of the 1920's in his novel, The Great Gatsby.
(A)

reflect

(B)

reflects

(C)

are reflecting

(D)

have reflected

Pembahasan Soal dan Jawaban

Fitzgerald merupakan subjek orang ketiga tunggal. Maka, kata kerja yang mengikutinya juga harus
dalam bentuk tunggal. Karenanya, jawaban yang tepat ialah (B).
INGAT
Cara menjawab soal TOEFL Structure nomor ke-1 adalah "Pastikan Kesesuaian Kalimat yang
Memiliki Subject dan Verb". Strategi dan penjelasan lengkapnya dapat dilihat di software belajar
TOEFL. Silakan download software Genius TOEFL.

RUMUS JAWABAN CARA 1

Perhatikan bagan berikut ini tentang penggunaan subject dan verb yang sesuai dalam sebuah
kalimat:

Example I
The swimming instructor came... if the apartment was still available.
A. to see
B. seeing
C. saw
D. for seeing
The sentence should be read "The swimming instructor came to see if
the apartment was still available." Therefore, you should choose A.
Now begin work on the questions.
1. The committee has met twice and ....
A. they reached a final decision
B. a final decision was reached
C. its decision was reached
D. it has reached a final decision
2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting
tomorrow because....
A. he must to give a lecture
B. he will be giving a lecture
C. of he will give lecture
D. he will have giving a lecture
3. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class.
A. She should study hard last night.

B. She should have studied hard last night.

C. She must have studied hard last night.
D. She had to study hard last night
4. To answer accurately is more important than...
A. to finish quickly
B. a quick finish
C. you finish it quickly
D. quick finish
5. Having been served lunch,....
A. the problems were discussed by the participants.
B. the participants discuss the problems.
C. it was discussed by the participants.
D. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.
6. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas,
and....
A. Aceh province also.
B. Aceh province too.
C. Aceh province is as well.
D. so does Aceh province.
7. The participants have had some problems deciding....
A. when they should announce the result of the meeting.
B. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
C. when should they announce the result of the meeting.
D. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.
8. This year will be more difficult for our organization because....
A. we have less money and volunteers than last year.
B. there is a little money and volunteers than last year.
C. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
D. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.

9. Professor Baker told his students that...

A. they can turn over their reports on Mondays.
B. the reports can turn over on Monday.
C. they could hand in their reports on Monday.
D. the reports they can hand in on Monday.
10. The adder is a venomous snake ... bite may prove fatal to humans.
A. its
B. whom its
C. that
D. whose
11. .... a bee colony gets, the more the queen's egglaying capability
diminishers.
A. It is more overcrowded.
B. The more overcrowded.
C. More overcrowded than.
D. More than overcrowded.
12. The chairwoman requested that ....
A. the participants studied more careful the problem.
B. the participants study the problem more carefully.
C. the participants studied the problem with more careful.
D. the problem be studied more carefully.
13. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ...
once every ten hours.
A. the rotation of Jupiter
B. Jupiter rotates
C. Jupiter rotation
D. Jupiter rotate
14. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state.
A. the

B. it is the
C. is the
D. where the
15. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes.
A. whose
B. how they are
C. have
D. their
KUNCI JAWABAN
1. D
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. C
10.D

11. B
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. B

1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.

A. it has
B. is having
C. which is having
D. has

2. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.

A. its sides
B. the sides are
C. it is the side of
D. all sides by

3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

A. The
B. The fastest
C. The fastest dog
D. The fastest dog, the

4. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or ________ on
rocky cliffs.
A. gets sun
B. sunning
C. the sun
D. sunny

5. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.
A. when does the Earths atmosphere trap
B. does the Earths atmosphere trap

C. when the Earths atmosphere traps

D. the Earths atmosphere traps

6. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Years Day, is the oldest postseason collegiate
football game in the United States.
A. takes
B. it takes
C. which takes
D. took

7. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.
A. using gene therapy
B. use gene therapy
C. they use
D. gene therapy uses

8. ________ off the Hawaiian coastline are living, others are dead.
A. While some types of coral reefs
B. Some types of coral reefs
C. There are many types of coral reefs
D. Coral reefs

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.
A. what
B. which
C. what they
D. which they

10. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap to
push consumers beyond ________.
A. they can afford
B. they can afford it
C. what is affordable
D. able to afford

11. People who reverse the letters of words ________ to read suffer from dyslexia.
A. when trying
B. if they tried
C. when tried
D. if he tries

12. Featured at the Henry Ford Museum ________ of antique cars dating from 1865.
A. is an exhibit
B. an exhibit
C. an exhibit is
D. which is an exhibit

13. Rubber ________ from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight is difficult to
distinguish from natural rubber.
A. is produced
B. producing
C. that produces
D. produced

14. ________ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead is merely
an optical illusion.
A. The Moon
B. That the Moon
C. When the Moon
D. The Moon which

15. According to the World Health Organization, ________ there to be an outbreak of any
of the six most dangerous diseases, it could be cause for quarantine.
A. were
B. they were
C. there were
D. were they

Written Expression

Directions: In questions 510, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases.
The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples:

Example I
Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors
A

The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of the
males' bright colors." Therefore, you should choose answer A.

Example II
Serving several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important United
States politician.
A

The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became
an important United States politician." Therefore, you should choose answer B.

Now begin work on the questions.

16. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-topped mountains more than a
mile
A
beneath sea level.

17. Because of the flourish with which John Hancock signed the Declaration of
Independence,
A
his name become synonymous with signature.
B

18. Segregation in public schools was declare unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in
1954.
A

D
19. Sirius, the Dog Star, is the most brightest star in the sky with an absolute magnitude
about
A

twenty-three times that of the Sun.

B

20. Killer whales tend to wander in family clusters that hunt, play, and resting together.
A

21. Some of the most useful resistor material are carbon, metals, and metallic alloys.
A

22. The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's Store.
A

C D

23. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins.
A

24. J. H. Pratt used group therapy early in this century when he brought tuberculosis
patients
A
together to discuss its disease.
D

25. The United States has import all carpet wools in recent years because domestic
wools are
A

too fine and soft for carpets.

D

26. Irving Berlin wrote "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning" while serving in a U.S.
Army
A

during World War 1.

D

27. Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to

slash theirs costs
A
and expand.
D

28. That water has a very high specific heat means that without a large temperature
change
A

water can add or lose a large number of heat.

C

29. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as a classical
A

musician.
D

30. The state seal still used in Massachusetts designed by Paul Revere, who also
designed
A
the first Continental currency.
D

31.Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century- Virginia to race on courses

short of
A

about a quarter of a mile in length.

C

32. No longer satisfied with the emphasis of the Denishawn School, Martha Graham has
moved
A

D
to the staff of the Eastman School in 1925.

33. William Hart was an act best known for his roles as western heroes in silent films.
A

34. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, alive wolves roamed across
nearly all
A
of North America.

35. During the 1960s the Berkeley campus of the University of California came
to national
A

attention as a result its radical political activity.

C

36. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked
on project from
A

1925 until his death in 1941.

C D

37. It is proving less costly and more profitably for drug makers to market directly to
patients.
A

38. Sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined.

39. Like snakes, lizards can be found on all others continents except Antarctica.
A

40. Banks, savings and loans, and finance companies have recently been doing home
equity
A

loans with greater frequency than ever before.

C

Pembahasan Jawaban:

Untuk Part A -Structure kami tidak membahasnya melalui postingan ini mengingat akan
sangat membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menaganalisa soal atau pilihan
jawaban satu persatu. Hanya saja Anda dapat melihat sedikit pembahasan untuk Part B
- Written Expression. Jika Anda ingin menanyakan pembahasan terkait soal-soal tertentu
Anda boleh bergabung ke grup facebook Belajar Grammar TOEFL (UIN Alauddin
Makassar).

Part A - Structure
DDDB CCAA BCAA DBA

Part B - Written Expression + Pembahasan

16. B - are --> masuk dalam kategori Inversion. Subjek kalimat adalah hundreds of flattopped mountains.
17. C - became --> signed (past) paralel dengan became (past) bukan become (present)
18. B - was declared --> Passive Voice (Be + VIII)
19. A - the brightest star --> Ingat aturan Comparison degree -Supelative
20. C - rest --> Hunt, play, and rest together (Harus paralel)
21. C - materials --> kata kerjanya are jadi butuh subjek yang plural. Some of ...
material menandakan plural
22. B - previously --> known berbentuk sebagai adjective. (Adv + Adj).
23. C - used --> have been + VIII
24. D - their --> their merujuk ke patients
25. A - imported --> has + VIII
26. C - the --> in the U.S. Army
27. C- their --> their + Noun. Thiers + Noun
28. D - amount --> heat menandakan uncountable noun. Amount (untuk uncountable
noun) dan number (untuk countable noun)
29. C - and --> (both + and)
30. B - was designed by --> butuh kata kerja (was)
31. B - short courses --> (Adjective + Noun) bukan (Noun + Adjective)
32. D - moved --> terdapat tahun di kalimat. Maka perlu kata kerja simple past (moved)
bukan has moved (past perfect)
33. A -actor --> kalimat bermaksud pelakunya (actor)
34. C - live --> alive terletak dibelakang kalimat. Live (adjective) + Noun
35. C - result of --> result + of (berpasangan)

36. B - the project --> on the project (frasa yang sudah umum)
37. B - profitable --> costly (adjective) --> profitable (adjective). Harus paralel. Profitably
(adverb)
38. D - been mined --> have been + VIII
39. C - other --> other + noun. Others + Noun
40. B - making --> pelajari perbedaan do dan make

Passage 1
Robert moog was an american inventor who developed the moog synthesizer. it was one of the first
synthesizer to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moogs synthesizers were an important
part of musical innovation in rock and jazz music in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was
born in queens, a borough of New York City 75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as
a teenager, particularly an early electronic music instrument called the theremin. mood studied
physic and electrical engineering at queens college and columbia university both in new york city
and later received a Ph.D. in engineering physic cornel University in Ithaca, New York. in 1954, while
still an undergraduate student, Moog Formed his own company to sell theremins and theremins kits.
Soon after, moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the sound of any
musical instrument electronically. working with american composer herbert deutch. moog introduced
the prototype moog synthesizer at a convention in 1964. the device represented a signivicant
advance over previous electronic syntesizerbecause of its use of new semiconductor technology,
which made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machines. the moog, as it was known,
was soon in demand by musician all over the world.
In 1964, moog began a collaboration with american composer and organist walter carlos who
realesed the best selling electronic music album switched-on bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the
beatles and yes and jazz musician such as harbie hancock and chick corea began incorporating
moog synthesizer in to their recordings, a trend that increased when the company introduced the
compact and portable minimoog in 1970. A moog synthesizer was also prominently featured on the
sountrack to the movie A clockwork Orange in 1971.

1.The word prominently in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by

A) Significantly
B) Perfectly

C) Accurately
D) Excellently
2.The passage describes theremin as a/an
A) Prototype of Moog Synthesizer
B) Initial Electronic Music Instrument
C) Musical Instrument to replicate the sound
D) Instrument of electronic tool
3The Pronoun it in paragraph 2 refers to
A) Electronic synthesizer
B) A keyboard instrument
C) Prototype of Moog Synthesizer
D) New semiconductor technology
4.According to the passage, all of the following are true about the Moog, EXCEPT
A) It was invented by robert moog
B) it was first introduced in 1964
C) in initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper then previous machines
D) it was the first synthesizer in the world
5.The paragraph following the passage most likely disusses
A) Collaboration between the moog and other musicians
B) The description of compact and portable mini moog
C) The improvement of Moog Synthesizer
D) Trend in the music industry about synthesizer
6) The main Idea of paragraph three is

A) The moogs collaboration in music field

B) The moog in the movie soundtract
C) The introduction of Minimoog
D) The collaboration of the moog with music groups.

Passage 2
Throughout history, people have been victim of pickpockets. Today, pick pocketing is the one of the
most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in number and developing better
methods to practice their skill. Aproximately ome million amricans lose money to pickpockets every
year and none is really safe from a skilled pickpockets. His victims, or marks as they are called, can
be rich or poor, young or old.
During the eihteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in england, large crowds of people would
gather watch the hanging , which was supposed to be a warning to other pickpockets. however, in
time the practice was discontinued. The reason ; while people were attentively watching the hanging
of a pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully stole the money of spectators.
Police official say that the most efficient pickpockets come from south america. many of these expert
pickpockets are trained in special school called jingle bell schools. A pickpockets graduate from
J.B.S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy that has bells inside its pockets.
Even the most well dressed, respectable person may be a pickpocket. some of the favorite places of
pickpockets are banks, airports, racetract, supermarkets, elevators and train and bus station.
oftentimes, a pickpocket will work with another pickpockets as his partner. Another kind of
pickpockets works outside or inside bars and specialize in stealing from women is called a purse
snatcher.
T avoid being the victim of a pickpocket, its important to be very cautious and alert when in the midst
of large gathering of the people.

7.The best title for the passage would be:

A) Pickpockets are well dressed
B) Jingle Bell Schools
C) Pickpockets

D) The hanging of pickpockets

8.The hanging of pickpockets was not continued because:
A) They were large crowd of people
B) It was against humanity
C) The police were not at the hanging
D) It was not effective to stop pick pocketing
9.Pick Pocketing isCrime
A) An old
B) A modern
C) A temporary
D) A contemporary
10) The passage mentions that pickpockets steal in/from the following, except.
A) Crowded places
B) The shops
C) Drunkards
D) Women

Kunci Jawaban Dan Penjelasan

1.A
Pembahasan : Prominently berarti secara menonjol. sementara itu masing-masing pilihan jawaban
berarti dengan jelas (significantly), dengan sempurna (perfectly). dengan akurat (accurately) dan
dengan baik (excellently). Jadi jawaban yang sesuai adalah significantly.

2.B
Pembahasan : Lihat baris ke-5 : particularly on early electronic music instrument called theremin.

3.C
Pembahasan : Berdasarkan paragraf 2, kata it merujuk pada the moog, yaitu sebutan untuk the
prototype moog synthesizer.

4.D
Pembahasan : Karena dalam bacaan baris 14 dituliskan bahwa sebelumnya sudah diciptakan mesin
synthesizer which made it smaller and considerably cheaper than earlier machine

5.C
Pembahasan : Paragraf terakhir bacaan membahas kerjasama moog dengan banyak musisi
terkenal. Jadi jika bacaan ini akan diteruskandengan paragraf baru kemungkinan besar paragraf
baru itu akan membahas perkembangan moog selanjutnya (the improvement of moog synthesizer)

6.A
Pembahasan : Dalam bacaan dituliskan bahwa moog mulai berkolaborasi dengan berbagai musisi
dalam berbagai genre music.

7.C
Pembahasan : Keseluruhan bacaan di atas membahas pickpocket

8.D
Pembahasan : Pada paragraf 2 dijelaskan bahwa ketika para pencopet dihukum gantung justru
pencopet lain beraksi diantara kerumunan penonton.

9.A
Pembahasan : Pada bacaan dijelaskan bahwa hal ini telah berlangsung sejak lama, bahkan tercatat
sejak abad ke-18

10.C
Pembahasan : Pada bacaan tidak disebutkan drunkard.