Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
frmula de Hargreaves
La frmula de Hargreaves (Hargreaves y Samani, 1985) para evaluar la Evapotranspiracin
Potencial1 necesita solamente datos de temperaturas y de Radiacin Solar.
La expresin general es la siguiente:
(1)
La radiacin solar incidente, Rs, se evala a partir de la radiacin solar extraterrestre (la
que llega a la parte exterior de la atmsfera, que sera la que llegara al suelo si no existiera
atmsfera); sta ltima aparece segn los autores como R0 Ra, y la leemos en tablas en
funcin de la latitud del lugar y del mes. En este documento nos referiremos a ella como R0
Rs = R0 * KT * (tmax - t min)0,5
(2)
En realidad es para calcular la Evapotranspiracin de Referencia. Para las diferencias entre ambos
conceptos, ver Tema T040, pg 3
2
Para efectuar esta conversin: 1 mm/dia= MJulio/m2/da
Para mayor exactitud, multiplicar por: 238,85 / (597,3 -0,57 T) ; donde T= temperatura media del periodo elegido
F. Javier Snchez San Romn---- Dpto. Geologa Univ. Salamanca
http://hidrologia.usal.es
Pg. 1
R0 = 35,1 MJulios/m2/da
Para pasarlo a su equivalente en mm/da:
R0 = 35,1 * 0,408 = 14,3 mm/da
Tomando un valor de 0,17 para la constante KT, el valor de Rs sera [ecuacin (2)] :
Rs = 14,3 * 0,20 * (31,6-23)0,5 = 7,13 mm/da
Finalmente [ecuacin (1)] :
ET0 = 0,0135* 8,38 * (26,8+17,8) = 4,29 mm/da
Frmula simplificada
Sustituyendo del valor de Rs de (2) en la expresin inicial (1), y tomando para el coeficiente
KT el valor medio de 0,17, resulta la expresin citada con ms frecuencia en la bibliografa:
(3)
Bibliografa
Allen, R.G.; L. S. Pereira; D. Raes y Smith, M. (1998).- Crop evapotranspiration - Guidelines for
computing crop water requirements - FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56
(http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0490E/X0490E00.htm#Contents)
Versin en espaol: ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/aglw/docs/idp56s.pdf
Hargreaves, G.H., Samani, Z.A., 1985. Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Applied
Eng. in Agric., 1(2): 96-99.
Samani , Z. (2000).- Estimating Solar Radiation and Evapotranspiration Using Minimum Climatological
Data . Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Vol. 126, No. 4, pp. 265-267
http://hidrologia.usal.es
Pg. 2
Tabla de Radiacin solar extraterrestre en mm/da (Allen et al., 1998) (Original en MJm-2dia-1 ; 1 mm/dia = 2,45 MJm-2dia-1)
HEMISFERIONORTE
Latitud Ene Feb Mar
70
68
66
64
62
60
58
56
54
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.1
46.1
5.1
5.6
6.1
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.1
8.6
9.1
9.6
10.0
10.5
10.9
11.4
11.8
12.2
12.6
13.0
13.4
13.8
14.1
14.4
14.8
1.1
1.5
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.4
6.9
7.3
7.8
8.3
8.8
9.2
9.7
10.1
10.5
10.9
11.3
11.8
12.1
12.5
12.9
13.2
13.5
13.8
14.1
14.4
14.6
14.9
15.1
15.3
4.2
4.8
5.3
5.8
6.3
6.8
7.2
7.7
8.2
8.6
9.1
9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.7
13.9
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.7
14.9
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.4
15.5
HEMISFERIOSUR
Abr
May
Jun
Jul
Ago
Sep
Oct Nov
Dic
9.4
9.8
10.1
10.5
10.9
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.6
12.9
13.1
13.4
13.7
13.9
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.7
14.5
15.0
15.1
15.3
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.5
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.3
15.1
15.0
14.4
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.1
15.3
15.4
15.6
15.7
13.8
16.0
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.0
15.9
15.8
15.7
15.5
15.3
15.1
14.9
14.7
14.4
14.2
17.3
17.1
16.9
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.9
16.9
16.9
17.0
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.0
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.4
16.3
16.1
16.0
15.8
15.6
15.3
15.1
14.8
14.6
14.3
14.0
13.6
16.1
15.9
15.8
15.8
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.2
16.4
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.6
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.6
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.0
15.9
15.7
15.6
15.3
15.1
14.9
14.7
14.4
14.1
13.8
11.4
11.7
12.0
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.1
13.3
13.6
13.8
14.0
14.2
14.4
14.7
14.8
15.0
15.1
15.3
15.3
15.5
15.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.7
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.1
14.9
14.7
14.6
6.1
6.6
7.1
7.5
8.0
8.4
8.9
9.3
9.7
10.1
10.5
10.9
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.2
12.5
12.9
13.1
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.1
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.7
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
15.2
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.5
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.8
8.3
8.7
9.2
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.3
11.6
12.0
12.3
12.7
13.0
13.3
13.6
13.8
14.1
14.3
14.5
14.7
14.9
15.1
15.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.1
5.6
6.0
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.1
8.6
9.1
9.5
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.4
11.8
12.2
12.7
13.1
13.4
13.8
14.2
14.5
http://hidrologia.usal.es
0.0
0.3
0.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.2
4.7
5.1
5.7
6.2
6.7
7.1
7.6
8.1
8.6
9.1
9.5
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.3
11.7
12.1
12.5
12.9
13.2
13.6
13.9
14.2
14.5
14.8
Ene
Feb
Mar Abr
May Jun
Jul
Ago Sep
Oct
Nov
Dic
16.9
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.6
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.7
17.6
17.6
17.5
17.3
17.2
17.1
16.9
16.8
16.6
16.4
16.1
15.9
15.6
15.3
15.1
14.8
11.7
12.0
12.2
12.6
12.9
13.2
13.5
13.8
14.0
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.0
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.7
15.9
16.0
16.1
16.2
16.2
16.3
16.3
16.4
16.3
16.3
16.3
16.2
16.2
16.0
15.9
15.8
15.6
15.5
15.3
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.9
8.3
8.8
9.2
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.2
11.6
12.0
12.3
12.6
12.9
13.2
13.5
13.8
14.0
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.8
14.9
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.4
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.5
15.5
0.1
0.3
0.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.6
4.1
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.4
6.9
7.4
7.8
8.3
8.7
9.2
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.9
11.2
11.6
12.0
12.3
12.7
13.0
13.3
13.6
13.9
14.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.7
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.0
8.4
8.9
9.3
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0
11.4
11.8
12.2
12.5
12.9
13.2
13.5
13.8
0.9
1.3
1.7
2.2
2.6
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.4
6.9
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.6
13.9
14.1
14.4
14.6
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.7
13.9
14.2
14.4
14.6
14.8
15.0
15.1
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.7
15.7
15.6
15.5
15.4
15.3
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.5
15.6
15.8
16.0
16.1
16.3
16.4
16.6
16.7
16.8
16.9
17.0
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.1
17.0
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.6
16.4
16.2
16.0
15.8
15.6
15.3
15.1
14.8
18.5
18.2
18.0
17.9
17.9
17.9
18.0
18.0
18.1
18.1
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.2
18.1
18.1
18.0
17.9
17.8
17.7
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.0
16.8
16.6
16.3
16.1
15.8
15.5
15.2
14.9
14.5
Pg. 3
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.4
5.9
6.4
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.6
13.9
14.1
14.3
14.5
14.7
14.9
15.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.3
4.7
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.6
7.1
7.6
8.0
8.5
8.9
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.9
12.2
12.6
13.0
13.3
13.6
4.4
4.9
5.3
5.9
6.3
6.8
7.3
7.8
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.1
11.4
11.8
12.1
12.4
12.7
13.0
13.3
13.5
13.8
14.0
14.2
14.4
14.5
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.2