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Lecture Notes 8
Index Models
I.
Buzz Words:
I.
rj = j + j rI + ej
where
E[rj] = j + j E[rI]
2.
Variance of security j:
j2 = j2 I2 + 2[ej]
3.
ji = j i I2
1.
2.
j
j E[rI]
2[ej]
a. Unique risk (asset specific):
b. Systematic risk (index driven): j2 I2
3.
rj = j + j rM+ ej
where rM is the random return on the market proxy.
This SIM is often referred to as the Market Model.
Example
You choose the S&P500 as your market proxy. You analyze the stock
of General Electric (GE), and find (see later in the notes) that, using
weekly returns, j = -0.07%, j = 1.44.
If you expect the S&P500 to increase by 5% next week, then according
to the market model, you expect the return on GE next week to be:
n
n
n(n-1)/2
Example
n=2
n=8
n = 100
n = 1000
number of parameters = 2 +
number of parameters = 8 +
number of parameters = 100 +
number of parameters = 1000+
2 + 1
= 5
8 + 28 = 44
100 + 4950 = 5150
1000 + 499500= 501500
With large n:
Large estimation error,
Large data requirements (for monthly estimates, with n=1000,
need at least 1000 months, i.e., more than 83 years of data)
n
n
n
1
1
j parameters
j parameters
2[ej] parameters
E[rI]
2 [rI]
rGE = GE + GE rM + eGE
where GE (alpha) is the intercept,
GE (beta) is the slope,
eGE is the regression error.
The fitted regression line is called the Security Characteristic Line (SCL).
rGE = GE +
{
constant
2
{
GE
market - driven,
systematic
e GE
{
non - market,
firm - specific
2
= GE
M2 + 2 (e GE )
123
1
424
3
7{
. 73 =
rM
1GE
23
Market or
systematic
risk
Non - market,
firm - specific
3{
. 40
Market or
systematic
risk
risk
4{
. 33
Non - market,
firm - specific
risk
rMSFT
eMSFT {
MSFT rM
MSFT
rM
2
2
MSFT
M2 + 2 (eMSFT )
= MSFT
Unlike GE, firm-specific risk dominates for MSFT (which is indeed more
single-industry focused than GE).
rGE = GE + GE rM + eGE
constant
firm-specific
2 = (.88)(1.44)(1.28) 2 = 2.08
Cov r , r
=
GE MSFT
GE MSFT M
Corr r , r
= 2.08 / 7.33 15.79 = 0.19
GE MSFT
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12
V.
( )
rG M = G M + G M r M + e G M
()
or,
RGM = GM + GM RM + eGM
where RGM = rGM rf and RM = rM rf
13