Human Trafficking definition by Academician

Human trafficking, also known as modern slave trade have many definitions given to
describe what it means. However, up until today there are no certain definition on human
trafficking even among governments and international organizations. There is no consistent
use of the term of human trafficking and no consensus on what the term comprises.
The commonly used definition of human trafficking is define by United Nations
Office on Drugs and Crime1. They define human trafficking based on Article 3, paragraph
(a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons. It defines human
trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by
means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of
deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving
of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another
person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation include, at a minimum, the exploitation
of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services,
slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
Another commonly accepted definition of human trafficking is define under International
Law2 as the process of coercing or luring human beings into exploitation, in other words, it is
the business of exploitation. Because human trafficking includes but is not limited to the
movement of people for the sake of exploitation, human trafficking as defined by
international law is the umbrella term for all forms of coerced or surreptitious in other
words, nonconsensual exploitation, most notably slavery and forced labour.
And lastly, The Federal Law of United States3 defines trafficking in persons as "sex
trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which
the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age"; or "the recruitment,
harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services through the

1 https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/human-trafficking/what-is-humantrafficking.html
2 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SPDiscussion-papers/Labor-Market-DP/0911.pdf
3 https://oag.ca.gov/human-trafficking/what-is

use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude,
peonage, debt bondage, or slavery."