DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.0 Introduction
In this chapter it will conclude all the discussion in the research
based on the findings that received in chapter 4 and also answering
the research question in chapter 1. This discussion will focus on the
impact The Impact Of Parental Involvement On English Language
Achievement Among Form 4 Students In Malaysian Rural Schools.
Lastly the researcher will discuss about the finding hypothesis and
will reveal a few research implications and will oppose the further
research in the future.

5.1 Discussion
Discussing about research finding based on four core elements,
relationship between parental involvement and proficiency among
the rural English as a second language student, group of rural
students parental involvement is more influential in improving
English proficiency in term of parents socio - cultural background in
terms of parental ethnicity, parental education background and
parental socio-economic status. All the hypothesis have been
answered in chapter four. Next, all the discussion will be done in
depth regarding research questions in chapter 1 and related to the
research finding in chapter 4.

5.1.1 Correlation between parental involvement and English

Language Achievement among the rural English as a second
language student.
Researcher has found that correlation between parental
involvement and English Language achievement among the rural
English as a second language students has appears to be no
significant correlation between these two variables referring to the
Spearmans Rho correlation coefficient, figure .038 All the
interpretation done by using Spearman Rank Correlation statistic
correlation.
Overall, the results of this study have shown that there is a
correlation of parental encouragement and student achievement in
English. Parental involvement is the most related to attainment and
achievement. How parents express their interest to students
attitude in English learning will give a positive stimulus to student
achievement. However, other family factors including economic,
education and ethnicity also give impact on students achievement
in learning. Although studies have shown a correlation with parental
involvement and students learning achievement in English subject is
no significant correlation.
In fact, the parents are the most influential factors on student
learning. As already mentioned by Woolfolk (1998) that the socioeconomic conditions measured if including factors such as parents'
involvement towards education, aspirations for the child, activities
that stimulate intellectual development in the parent involvement,

will be found that the relationship with learning achievement of

students is strong.

From the results of this study, parental involvement were

not the factors most related to students achievement in
learning English as a second language. Perhaps, parents can
show an interest as often talk with their children about
education, although not specifically should provide guidance
to their children in the contents of the subject, students will
feel the study noted by the parents. Directly and indirectly,
parents transfer their life values such as importance of
learning and knowledge to their children. Parents are the ones
significant to students who are identified by the students
during their development in the search for their identity.
Cohen (1972) found that parents' involvement has a
significant relationship with educational aspirations of
children. Children's attitudes can be said to resemble the
attitude of the parents, the role of parents is crucial in
determining the child's learning success. This opinion is in line
with the views Wilkins (1981) which states that:
"... The attitudes of children are almost always the attitudes of
their parents also, so that it could be said that the parents do
much to determine the lack of success of their children in
learning ..." (p53)

Parents play an important role in encouraging children to

read. The aim of education is to educate students to be a
genuine reader, educate students to understand and
appreciate the elements as well as the pros and entertainment
that can be provided by the books, as well as educating
students to continue to be a loyal readership and critical pure
life. (Hashim, 1989)
The findings Johnette (1994) proved the role of parents is
crucial in fostering children's interest in learning. If the parents
take the time to read with children or learning to the child, the
child will be nurtured learning indirectly. There is a good
relationship and support from parents can improve students'
interest in learning. (Field, Lang, yando & Bendell, 1995).
5.1.2 Relationship of students attitude towards an
English with learning attitude in English of rural Malay
students.
Researcher has found that relationship of students
attitude towards an English with learning attitude has a weak
states of relatedness referring to the Pearson correlation figure
shown as -.459. All the interpretation done by using Karl
Pearson (1857-1936) statistic correlation.
This study shows that the level of learning attitude
among rural students in English, has to be concerned and

should be addressed by all parties. One solution to this

problem is to give exposure to rural students about the
importance of English for academic and career goals. In
addition, all parties should take the initiative to raise the level
of awareness of rural students.
Possibly, among the problems that affect the process of
learning is like learning a passive, strategy is not clear, the
lack of knowledge, lack of integration of information,
indifferent attitude, awareness and meta-cognitive awareness
and monitoring of the learning process.
Attitude that is not concerned about the continuity of the
learning process has been discussed by Slater and Horstman
(2002). They argue affective aspects in the process of learning
affect the learning proficiency progress. Factors that could not
care less attitude is also supported by the Code (2005) which
says that readers are often not interested in learning
comprehension processes that need to be controlled by the
reader. Students should see the perspective of learning in
terms of constructive control scheme that requires an
understanding of the underlying. Meanwhile, mature readers
will master the process of learning by having meta cognitive
awareness to understand the text. (Margaret Ann Richek et.al,
2002: 6)

In addition, the problem of learning attitude is also

influenced by several factors contributing to the ability to
read. For example, the readers themselves, psychological
factors and environmental factors. (Yahya Othman, 2004: 18)
5.1.3. Relationship between the social economic
status (SES) with learning attitude
Regarding to the correlation data in chapter four, Null Hypothesis will be
rejected because p > 0.01. However, this correlation shows non linear relationship
which is - . 083 that can be concluded as having a very weak negative relationship.
In a very weak negative correlation, as the values of SES variables increase, the
values of the learning attitude variable decrease. Likewise, as the value of learning
attitude variables decreases, the value of SES variable increases. As far as readers
corcern, all the interpretation done by using Karl Pearson (18571936) statistic correlation.

According to Zukina Yusoff (2003), children from families with socioeconomic status are more advanced in higher education and with higher scores than
children who come from families with socio-economic status is low. This is because
in a state of high social status, parents can provide facilities and comfortable
learning environment for their children. High-status parents are able to provide the
educational needs of children from the beginning. This allows their children be more
successful and have a chance to get into university, while those who can not afford
to miss. Opportunities for access to higher education requires a considerable amount
of cost.

Most studies on the influence of the social economic

status (SES) of the parents to the child's achievements is done
by developing countries. These studies report more or less the
same. The results of the study Lockheed, Fuller and Nyirongo
(1989) on the part of the children of Thailand and Malawi
found that students who get good results in Mathematics is
composed of students whose parents are those who have
professional jobs, women who have the high educational
background and families living in a comfortable residential
area
The study found a weak relationship, merely students
have problems during the process of teaching and learning.
Problems in learning the language will result in the student
having difficulty because there is no complete description and
clarity. This study was supported by Tarmizi (2003) which
states the factors that most influence English proficiency
among the respondents is basic knowledge of English at the
school level. In addition, respondents are weak basic
knowledge of the English language school level will struggle to
master the English language (Lindos, 1992). Therefore, the
level of English learning unsatisfactory cause the respondent
have low in learning attitude .
This is consistent with the study by Rabey (2001) which
defines motivation as the drive towards positive thinking

among individuals. Highly motivated students will use English

completely. Students should be encouraged to train
themselves to mastering English.
5.1.4 Relationship between the accessibility of learning materials in English
with the learning attitude of rural Malay students.
Regarding to the correlation data given in chapter 4, Null Hypothesis will be
rejected because p < 0.01. However, this correlation shows non linear relationship
which is - . 315 that can be concluded as having a very weak negative relationship.
In a very weak negative correlation, as the values of accescibility variables increase,
the values of the learning attitude variable decrease. Likewise, as the value of
learning attitude variables decreases, the value of accesibility variable increases.
Lacking of proper accessibility of learnings at home as a mini library, learning
materials and a special place for learning activities have killed an interest in learning
among students. According to Finn (1999), the family's ability to buy and hold a
learning at home has provided a conducive atmosphere for them to read.
Like previous studies, the results of this study also indicate factors learning
facilities provided at home affect students learning attitude. The family who is able
to provide learning facilities at home has encouraged children to read. Facilities that
generate knowledge such as books, magazines, learning corner and a mini library at
home has helped create an atmosphere.
Parents must make an effort to buy more English story books, newspapers
and magazine for their children. Positive learning attitude could be instilled by
taking their children to the mobile library provided by the government in rural areas.
Besides, the resource centre in the school must be located at ground floor. Recently,

most resource centers is at the second floor. This will enable students to better utilize
English learning materials provided. Books should also be placed near the school
canteen so that students will be exposed to learning English language materials
everyday.
5.2 Conclusion
This study reveals that parental involvement

plays important role in

developing positive learning attitude among students. This study has implications for
future research, for promoting learning attitude and for planning and for
implementations of strategies to inculcate the positive learning attitude among
students.
Orr (2003) states the wealth and family support have a positive impact on
motivation and inspiration among the school children. The economic capital of high
and medium income helps parents buy materials of educational resources such as
books, computers, private schools, tutors and other symbols hundred. Haron study
(1977) shows the influence of socioeconomic status of education and academic
achievement. Stigler et. al. (1982), says cultural backgrounds affect the
accomplishment of students.
The current prevailing globalization has great potential as a major challenge
the world community. The education of citizens, including students should prepare
themselves with the diversity of knowledge so that they are not excluded from this
latest development as it affects significant in terms of spiritual, social, economic and
political. As a major step fertilization learning culture should be continued because
of knowledge gained through learning valuable. Therefore, awareness of the
importance of learning attitude is a major turning point toward ensuring the success

of fertilization learning culture among students Thus, certain strategies have to do

from now on so that students can no longer make learning as a chore and it as a step
to solve intellectual problems of students who will be called aridity of students that
thought did not occur among would-be students in the future.
Assigning family time learning together Parents must provide proper time to
read with their families on weekends . This time allocation is essential to enable
family members gather to participate in learning activities with the preferred
learning materials whether books, magazines, novels, religious books or other
learning materials. This shared their knowledge. Parents can share information from
learning material to children and children can also share learning material to read to
each family member. To promote learning atmosphere, create a cozy learning room
and promising.
5.3 Recommendation
Based upon findings, the role of parental involvement are very essential in
promoting learning attitude. Educators and parents must provide conducive
environment to students in rural schools so that they are motivated to learn English
language. More parental encouragement and support must should also be given to
students. Exposure to English language must be created for rural students by
purchasing more interesting books, magazine and newspapers.

5.3.1 Parents
One of the subject matter is to foster a love of learning through the role of
parents. Parents should be role model to their children. Children should be exposed

to them during childhood learning materials that interest in learning the book can be
fertilizer. This because start cultivating good values in a very early age. Small
children do not know to appreciate this book and learning process that needs to be
accepted. If the learning is nurtured from childhood, they will be read as a habit.
This condition is always hoped for various parties.
Furthermore, the role of the family is also very important in helping students
to develop an interest in read. No doubt that many parents are very busy so they
ignore their responsibilities to spend time with their children. Students will be more
inspired if the presence of their parents as well they have to read the book together.
Moreover, this action will make the binding between parents and children better.
Thus, the involvement of parents in the education of their stunning impact. Here I
wish to emphasize that the family is the most important aspect in building a
language among teenagers.
5.3.2 Students
The first initiative to make learning as a way of life is, I must diligently go to
the library. Malaysia is never left behind in the country library, but there are different
types of libraries, school libraries, public libraries and the mobile library. The library
is visited, student can read and borrow all kinds of books to increase knowledge.
Student will always work hard and diligently go to the library to read even
acknowledge that a library filled with books is like a vast ocean that could not be
explored. Even just learning a book a week, student can feel the knowledge gained
tremendous value. In the meantime, students will also make a visit study to the
National Library or the library at leading universities in Malaysia. Besides, being
able to cultivate the attitude of learning in itself, student can also see the technology

available there to coincide with the proverb says drinking water while diving. Turns
sure, by being diligent in visiting the library student will always be tempted to make
learning as a way of life.
Awareness of the importance and benefits of learning is essential in children's
minds. As they read, they should know about the benefits to gain knowledge. This
method can prevent children give up and make learning as practice. They should
also be informed that successful people are those who do. Encouraging and praising
from their parents is taken seriously in order to continue learning.
5.3.3 Participating School
The first step to be taken is for the school to provide after-school learning
session. The learning sessions can be conducted twice a week. Not only that, the
students will hear songs that can change the atmosphere of boredom into
excitiment.In addition, teachers can also sing songs because that is what will make
the students more interest in learning afterwards. The presence of the teacher is very
important for the learning sessions because they can help students with difficulties
learning books respectively. By doing so, students will begin to read after being
entertained by the performances of teachers and thus to foster interest in learning
among students.
Last but not least, the school should use this modern age of advanced
technology such as the iPhone and iPod. These gadgets can be used for lessons
because they can surf the website. In addition, many electronic books that can be
taken free of charge as it is specific to the school. These electronic books can only be
used in schools. In other words, students cannot open the electronic book when they
are outside the school. By doing so, many students will go to the library after school

to use sophisticated gadgets and they will be fascinated by the many types of
electronic book. In conclusion, the presence of technology gadjets recently will
make learning among the students more attractive.