Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BASED ON
ACCEPTANCE & REJECTION
ADTH MARDD
Rejected adth
ADTH MARDD
Definition
ADTH MARDD
ADTH
MARDD
ADTH
A'F
discontinuity of
the sanad
defects due to
the transmitters
ADTH A'F
Definition
ADTH A'F
Permissibility of Transmitting
ADTH A'F
Practice based on weak adth
1.
2.
3.
Impermissible in deriving rulings and fa'il ala'ml (al-Bukhr, Muslim, Ibn azm etc)
Permissible in establishing rulings and fa'il
al-a'ml (Ab Dwud, Amad ibn anbal etc)
Permissible in fa'il al-a'ml,
motivations/intimidations, religious exhortations
with certain conditions (Ibn ajr)
ADTH A'F
Condition of practice based on 3rd opinion
1.
Slight weakness
2.
In line or interpolative with applied and valid
principles of Islamic Shar'ah
3.
Do not firmly believe in its authenticity when
practicing it
ADTH A'F
Compilations on weak adth
Al-Marsil by Ab Dwud
Al-'Ilal by al-Druqun
Al-Manr al-Munf f al-a wa al-a'f by Ibn
al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah
DISCONTINUITY
Discontinuity
HIDDEN
APPARENT
Al-Mudallas
Al-Mu'allaq
Al-Mursal al-Khaf
Al-Mursal
Al-Mu'al
Al-Munqai'
DISCONTINUITY
( = ) omission/dropping of transmitter(s)
from the chain of transmitters
Refers to the discontinuity of the chain of transmitters
due to the omission/ missing/ dropping of one or
more transmitters, intentionally or unintentionally
The discontinuity can take place in any part of the
chain; it could be in the beginning, end or middle of
the chain, and it could either be apparent/ obvious or
hidden
APPARENT DISCONTINUITY
AL-MUALLAQ
Prophet
AL-MUALLAQ
Status
AL-MUALLAQ
Mu'allaqt of al-Bukhr and Muslim
AL-MURSAL
Definition =
AL-MURSAL
A
F2
F1
Prophet
successor companion
Mursal Tbi' = as in the definition
Mursal ab = a transmission by a junior
companion who did not witness/hear directly from
the Prophet due to his/her young age or delay in
embracing Islam. They transmit from a senior
companion but it is not mentioned in the chain of
transmitters
MURSAL TBI'
Status
MURSAL TBI'
Conditions of 3rd Opinion
MURSAL AB
Status
Generally accepted as it is rare that the companions
would transmit from the successors. If they transmit
from the successors, they would usually provide a
justification. If they say The Messenger of Allah
said omitting the name of the companion, it is not
considered a serious defect as all companions are
reliable
AL-MURSAL
Compilations
Al-Marsil by Ab Dwud
Al-Marsil by Ibn Ab tim
Jmi' al-Tal li Akm al-Marsil by al-'All'
AL-MU'AL
Definition
AL-MU'AL
Status
Two or more transmitters consecutively are dropped
from the chain, making it very difficult to be
reconnected
It is therefore rejected on the basis of the
discontinuity of the chain
However, if it is transmitted from another similar
chain or stronger, its status can be elevated to
acceptable
AL-MUNQAI'
Definition
AL-MUDALLAS
AL-MUDALLAS
AL-MUDALLAS
Tadls al-Isnd
Tadls al-Taswiyah
Tadls al-Shuykh
Tadls al-Af
TADLS AL-ISND
TADLS AL-ISND
TADLS AL-SHUYKH
AL-MUDALLAS
Causes of Tadls
1.
Weakness of the shaykh
2.
The long life of the shaykh, that it was possible for
him to report from the shaykh directly
3.
The shaykh is younger in age
4.
Transmitting many adth from the same shaykh;
not necessary to repeat the shaykhs name many
times in the same way
5.
To give the impression that the sanad is 'l (higher)
AL-MUDALLAS
Status
Differences of opinions:
1. Totally rejected
2. Acceptable as it is similar to adth mursal
3. Acceptable if the transmitter only commits tadls of a
person who is trustworthy
4. Acceptable if the transmitter is trustworthy and uses
direct expressions that he heard from the shaykh,
otherwise rejected
AL-MUDALLAS
Levels of Mudallisn
1.
Those known to do it occasionally
2.
Those accepted by the scholars, either because of their
trustworthiness and relatively few cases of tadls, or because
they reported only from reliable transmitters
3.
Those who always did it and scholars differed in totally
accepting, rejecting or accepting with condition(s)
4.
Those who always did it and scholars agree that the
transmission should be rejected unless they clearly
expressed hearing the adth
5.
Those who were disparaged due to other reasons apart from
tadls, their adth are rejected though they expressed direct
hearing
AL-MUDALLAS
Compilations
AL-MURSAL AL-KHAF
Definition
the transmitter reporting from his contemporary
whom he did not meet, or met but did not listen to
Identification
1.