ENVIR

SC
1C03
ENVIR SC
Climate, Water, and
Climate, Water, and
Environment
Environment

1C03

Lecture 5 Global Energy Balance

Outline
1. Radiation Balance
2. Stefan-Boltzmann equation
3. Wiens Law
4. Greenhouse Effect
5. The Global Energy Balance
6. The Poleward Heat Transport

Key Concepts

Stefan-Boltzmann equation

Wiens Law

Greenhouse Effect and the Human Impact

Kirchhoffs Law
The Global Energy Balance
The Poleward Heat Transport

1. Radiation Balance

2. Stefan-Boltzmann equation
Stefan-Boltzmann equation:

E=T^4

E = rate of radiation emitted (W m-2)

= Stefan-Boltzmann Constant (5.67 x 10-8 W m-2 K-4)
T = surface temperature (K)

Stefan-Boltzmann equation

BlackbodiesWhat
& Greybodies
is a Blackbody?
I=T^4

: emissivity factor (=1 for blackbodies)

3. Wiens Law

=constant/T

max = wavelength of maximum radiation intensity (m)

T = surface temperature (K)
Constant = 2897 m K

Wiens Law

Wiens Law

Radiative Equilibrium Temperature

Text

Spectra of Solar and Terrestrial Radiation

the long wave radiation line is what you should expect ,

but the actual lines in red are the ones that were caught .
some of them were not caught because of the green house gases.

4. Greenhouse Effect

Kirchhoffs Law

Anthropogenic Climate Forcing

Enhancement of the Greenhouse Effect

Atmospheric Energy Balance

5. The Global Energy Balance

The Net Radiation

incoming radiation outgoing radiation

Text

Deficit =
Surplus
So net
radiation =

6. The Poleward Heat Transport

Surplus Energy moves

toward poles
(deficit regions)

poleward heat
transport is a
driving force of climate

Poleward Heat Transport and the Oceans

Water Phase Changes

Hydrologic Cycle

Conclusion
According to the Stefan-Boltzmann equation,
hotter objects radiate more energy than:

cooler ones

According to Wiens Law, hotter objects radiate

shorter wavelengths while cooler objects emit at:
longer wavelengths

Warming in Earths lower atmosphere is

occurring due to the presence of: greenhouse gases

Conclusion (2)
According to Kirchhoffs Law, good absorbers
are good emitters at: Particular wavelength
Human activities are modifying Earths climate
from:
The poles and the Equator

Earths radiation budget is balanced between

incoming and outgoing: radiation
The Poleward Heat Transport reduces the heat
imbalance between: The local to the global scale

TO DO!!!
1. Complete on A2L the AIR (Academic
Integrity and Responsibility) Quiz
2. Listen to Modules 5 and 6
3. Read Ross Chapters 6 ,17 in the
textbook
4. No labs next week