Course

Coordinator:Mr.
Madhusudhan D

1.
2.
3.
4.

Transport Phenomenon in
Metallurgy

Total Contact Periods 48

Prerequisites : Thermodynamics, Chemistry, Calculus and
Differential Equations
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Study of fundamental principles of rate phenomenon or kinetic aspects of various
metallurgical processes
Deal with kinetic properties of fluids, derivation of fluid dynamic equations
Analyze conduction, convection and radiation problems with examples pertinent to
industrial processes
Discuss various aspects of diffusion and convective mass transfer

SYLLABUS
UNIT I
Heat conduction- steady and unsteady state conduction,dimensionless groups,Reynolds No-Re,
Prandtl No-Pr, Grashoff No-Gr
Peclet No-Pe, Rayleigh No- Ra, Biot number-Bi,,Fourier no-Fo, Graetz No-Gz, Stanton noSt,,Nusselt no-Nu,Physical significance, Natural convection and free convection,thermal
boundary layer for natural convection over different shapes-vertical flat plate,vertical
cylinder,horizontal cylinder,-horizontal surfaces,temperature,velocity profiles ,disadvantages of
natural convection,differences between natural and forced convection,forced convection over flat
plate,forced convective laminar flow-plug flow and fully developed flow,visocisty, prandtl no
variation for liquids,gases and liquid metals
Unit II
Classification- fluoroscence, x-radiation, radio waves and,thermal radiation etc.,emissive power,
irradiation, radiosity,black radiator, laboratory black radiator, planck's equation, stefanboltzmann law gray bodies, exchange between infinite parallel plates, view factors ,electrical
circuit analogy for radiation problems,furnace enclosures,radiation combined with convection,
continuous casting, solidification,Solidification heat transfer,Solidification in Sand Molds,Effect
of superheat on solidification time, Solidification in metal molds, Constant casting surface
temperature, Continous Casting
Unit III
Steady State Diffusion-Fick's first and second law,Diffusivity variation with temperature for
solids,liquids and gases,dimensionless numbers- sherwood number, Schmidt no,Lewis No
etc,analogy with heat transfer,resistance to diffusion,Mass transfer problems on diffusion,
cocurrent and counter current diffusion,resistance to diffusion, mass transfer across two
immiscible fluids in contact,mass transfer between fluid and solid,

Unsteady state diffusion- rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates,convective mass

transfer in extraction mass transfer coefficient, film theory,penetration theory, surface
theory,overall mass transfer coefficient

Unit IV
Effective concentration boundary layer thickness,Gas solid reactions,mass transfer through
boundary layer, diffusion through product layer,
chemical reaction at interface.Applications of diffusion-carburization of
steel,decarburization,corrosion resistance of Duralumin,Doping of semiconductors,Types of
Fluid Flow - Incompressible flow, compressible flow,laminar flow, trubulent flow, potential flow,
steady flow,one dimensional flow,Newton's law of Viscosity, Effect of temperature on
Viscosity,Newtonian Fluids, Non newtonian fluids-Bingham plastic,
dilatant,pseudoplastic,Ostwalds power law, viscoelastic fluids, thixotropic and rheopectic
fluids.Dimensionles numbers -Reynolds no, friction factor significance
Unit V
Continuity equation, momentum balance,equation and energy balance or Bernoulli equation,
Bernoulli equation correction for friction and Kinetic energy, Pump work in Bernoulli
equation,,Hagen-Poiseuille equation,Flow of a falling film, flow between parallel plates, Flow
through a circular tube,Flow measurement devices Pitot tube, Head meter, enlargement and
contraction, flow from ladles
Text Books
1. Geiger and Poirier, Transport Phenomenon in Metallurgy-Addison Wesley Publishing Co.
2. A.K.Mohanty-Rate Processes in Metallurgy- PHI
Reference Books
1. Mc Cabe, Smith, Unit Operations of Chemical Engg.-Mc Graw Hill
2. Bird, Transport Phenomenon, Mc Graw Hill
OUTCOMES:
After successful completion of the course, the learners would be able to
1.

Design of equipment and process flow sheets for better performance

2. Understand the basic scientific principles of different processes at the metallurgical education
stage itself
3. Utilize the principles in the practical world
4. Visualize the physical situations with mathematical abilities to match metallurgical
engineering

Lesson Plan
S.N
o
1

Unit

Topics to be Covered

Heat conduction- steady and

unsteady state conduction
Dimensionless
groups,Reynolds No-Re,
Prandtl No-Pr, Grashoff NoGr
Peclet No-Pe, Rayleigh NoRa, Biot number-Bi,,Fourier
no-Fo, Graetz No-Gz,
Stanton no-St,,Nusselt noNu,Physical significance
Natural convection and free
convection,thermal boundary
layer for natural convection
over different shapes-vertical
flat plate,vertical
cylinder,horizontal cylinder,horizontal
surfaces,temperature,velocity
profiles ,disadvantages of
natural convection
Differences between natural
and forced convection,forced
convection over flat
plate,forced convective
laminar flow-plug flow and
fully developed
flow,visocisty, prandtl no
variation for liquids,gases

No of periods
required
3
1

Mode of
Teaching
Talk,
Marker,video
PPT,Tutorial

Talk,
Marker,Video

Talk,Marker,
Video

Examinatio
n

MID 1

and liquid metals

Sub Total
6

II

II

II

II

10

II

08
Classification- fluoroscence,
x-radiation, radio waves
and,thermal radiation
etc.,emissive power,
irradiation, radiosity,black
radiator, laboratory black
radiator
Planck's equation, stefanboltzmann law gray bodies,
exchange between infinite
parallel plates, view factors
Electrical circuit analogy for
radiation problems,furnace
enclosures,radiation
combined with convection
Continuous casting,
solidification,Solidification
heat transfer,Solidification in
Sand Molds,Effect of
superheat on solidification
time
Solidification in metal molds,
Constant casting surface
temperature, Continous
Casting

Talk,Marker,
Video

Talk,Marker,
Video

Talk,Marker,
Video

PPT, Tutorial

PPT, Tutorial

Sub Total
12

III

13

III

14

III

15

III

10
Steady State Diffusion-Fick's
first and second
law,Diffusivity variation with
temperature for solids,liquids
and gases)
Dimensionless
numberssherwood number, Schmidt
no,Lewis No etc,analogy
with heat transfer,resistance
to diffusion
Mass transfer problems on
diffusion, cocurrent and
counter
current
diffusion,resistance
to
diffusion
Mass transfer across two

Talk,Marker,
Video
MID2

Talk,Marker,T
utorial

Talk,Marker

Talk,Marker

16

III

immiscible
fluids
in
contact,mass
transfer
between fluid and solid,
Unsteady state diffusionrectangular, cylindrical and
spherical coordinates
Convective mass transfer in
extraction mass transfer
coefficient, film
theory,penetration theory,
surface theory,overall mass
transfer coefficient

Sub Total
17

IV

18

IV

19

IV

20

IV

21

IV

Sub Total

Talk,Marker

09
Effective
concentration
boundary layer thickness,Gas
solid reactions,mass transfer
through
boundary
layer,
diffusion through product
layer,
Chemical
reaction
at
interface.Applications
of
diffusion-carburization
of
steel,decarburization,corrosio
n
resistance
of
Duralumin,Doping
of
semiconductors
Types of Fluid Flow Incompressible
flow,
compressible
flow,laminar
flow, trubulent flow, potential
flow,
steady
flow,one
dimensional
flow,Newton's
law of Viscosity
Effect of temperature on
Viscosity,Newtonian Fluids,
Non
newtonian
fluidsBingham
plastic,
dilatant,pseudoplastic
Ostwalds power law,
viscoelastic fluids, thixotropic
and rheopectic
fluids.Dimensionles numbers
-Reynolds no, friction factor
significance

PPT,Tutorial
MID 2

PPT,Tutorial

PPT,Talk,Vide
o

PPT,Talk,Vide
o

PPT,Talk

09

22

23

24

25

Continuity equation,
momentum balance,equation
and energy balance or
Bernoulli equation
Bernoulli equation correction
for friction and Kinetic
energy, Pump work in
Bernoulli equation,,HagenPoiseuille equation
Flow of a falling film, flow
between parallel plates, Flow
through a circular tube
Flow
measurement
devices Pitot tube,
Head
meter,
enlargement
and
contraction,
flow
from ladles

PPT, Talk

PPT, Tutorial

PPT, Tutorial

PPT, Tutorial
MID 3

Sub Total

08
Total Periods

44