WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning

30 Nov.
2006
WCDMA Radio Network

Dimensioning
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com
HUAWEI Confidential
R99 Dimensioning
HSDPA Dimensioning

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 2
R99 Dimensioning
F Overview
F R99 Link Budget
F R99 Capacity Dimensioning
F R99 CE Dimensioning
F R99 Iub Dimensioning

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 3
Coverage, Capacity, Quality

Capacity & Coverage
Cell Load Cell Coverage
Users Cell Load
Capacity
Capacity & Quality

Quality (BLER ) Capacity
COST
Quality
Coverage
Quality (GoS ) Capacity
Coverage & Quality

Quality (BLER ) Cell Coverage
Cell Breathing
Higher Cell Load

Smaller Coverage Radius
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 4
Inputs & Outputs of Dimensioning

Inputs
Capacity Related
Spectrum Available
Subscriber Growth Forecast
Traffic Density
Number of NodeB
Coverage Related
Subs. per NodeB
Cell Radius
Coverage Region
Propagation Condition
CE Configuration
Area Type Information
Iub Configuration
QoS Related
Blocking Probability
Indoor Coverage
Location Probability
Acceptable Delay

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 5
R99 Dimensioning Flow

S ta rt
In p u t D a ta
A s s u m e a n u p lin k lo a d
C a lc u la te u p lin k
c a p a c ity
C a lc u la te u p lin k
c o ve ra g e
E s tim a te s ite n u m b e r
fo r c a p a c ity
E s tim a te s ite n u m b e r
fo r c o ve ra g e
No
B a la n c e d ?
Ad ju s t
U L lo a d /C a rrie rs /S ite N u m b e r
Yes
C h e c k d o w n lin k
c a p a c ity/c o v e ra g e
s u ffic ie n t
No
B a la n c e d ?
Ad ju s t
C a rrie rs /S ite N u m b e r
Yes
E nd

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 6
R99 Dimensioning
F Overview
F R99 Link Budget

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 7
Coverage Dimensioning Flow

Aim of coverage dimensioning
--- to obtain the cell radius
--- to estimate NodeB number for coverage
Coverage Dimensioning start
Link Budget
PL
Propagation model
Cell Radius
Area =
9
3R 2
8
Area =
3
3R 2
2
NodeB Coverage Area
NodeB number
=Total coverage area/NodeB coverage area
NodeB Number
Coverage Dimensioning End

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 8
Uplink: Radio Link Budget

MDC Gain
Slow fading margin
SHO Gain against
Slow fading
SHO Gain against
fast fading
AntennaGain
NodeB Antenna Gain
Fast fading margin

Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
UE Antenna Gain
Pa
th
UE Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
Lo
ss
UPLINK BUDGET
CableLoss
NodeB
Sensitivity
Antenna Gain
Maximum
allowable path
loss
SHO Gain
Penetration
Loss
Margin
Loss
NodeB reception sensitvity

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 9
Downlink: Radio Link Budget

MDC Gain
Slow fading margin
SHO Gain against
Slow fading
SHO Gain against
fast fading
AntennaGain
NodeB Antenna Gain
Fast fading margin

Interference margin
Body Loss
Cable Loss
UE Antenna Gain
Pa
th
NodeB Transmit Power
Penetration Loss
Lo
ss
DOWNLINK BUDGET
CableLoss
NodeB
Sensitivity
Antenna Gain
SHO Gain
Penetration
Loss
Maximum
allowable path
loss
Margin
Loss
UE reception sensitivity

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 10
Cable Loss in Link Budget

Cable Loss in Link Budget includes:
--- Cables loss b/w NodeB and antenna
--- Jumper Loss b/w NodeB and antenna
Cable Loss
--- Connectors loss b/w NodeB and antenna
7/8 inch cable: 6.29dB/100m@2100MHz

5/4 inch cable: 4.56dB/100m@2100MHz

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 11
Path Loss and Fading

Path Loss fading due to propagation distance
Long term (slow) fading caused by shadowing
Short term (fast) fading caused by multipath propagation

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 12
Slow Fading Margin

lSlow Fading --- Signal levels obey Log-Normal distribution
lSlow Fading Margin depends on:
--- Area Coverage Probability
--- The higher coverage probability is, the more SFM required
--- Standard Deviation
Probability Density
--- The higher standard deviation is, the more SFM required
SFM required
Fthreshold
Fmedian (x)

Coverage
CoverageProbability:
Probability:
PPCOVERAGE (x)
(x)==PP[[F(x)
F(x)>>FFthreshold ]]
COVERAGE
threshold
Received Signal Level [dBm]
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 13
SHO Gain against Slow Fading

lSoft Handover --- handovers between NodeBs
lSofter Handover --- handovers between cells in a NodeB
lSlow fading is partly uncorrelated between cells
lSHO reduces slow fading compared to the single cell case
lSHO gain against slow fading can improve the coverage probability
SHO Gain against slow fading
= Slow fading margin without SHO Slow fading margin with SHO

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 14
Fast Fading Margin

lFast power control --- to compensate fast fading
lFast fading margin --- required to guarantee fast power control
FastFadingMargin
= Required received Eb/No without fast PC Required received Eb/No with fast PC

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 15
SHO Gain against Fast Fading

Case 1: One link (no SHO)
larger fast fading margin required
Case 2: More links (SHO)

lower fast fading margin required
The probability of a correctly detected signal increases

due to two radio links between NodeB and UE
SHO Gain against fast fading
= FastFadingMargin(without SHO)-FastFadingMargin(with SHO)

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 16
Processing Gain
--- Related to bearer data rate
P G = 1 0 lo g ( 3 8 4 0 / R ( k b p s ))
Processing Gain
AMR12.2k
25 (dB)
PS64k
18 (dB)
PS384k
10 (dB)
Power density (W/Hz)
Reception Sensitivity
R
Signal after despreading
W
Signal after spreading
Frequency (Hz)
Re ceptionSensitivity = N t + N f + Eb / N0 PG
Reception Sensitivity
N t :thermal noise (-108dBm/3.84MHz)
N f :Noise figure of NodeB(2.1dB for NodeB, 7dB for UE)
Eb / No :Bit energy divided by noise spectral density
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 17
Macro Diversity Combining Gain

Macro Diversity Combining Gain
Uplink soft handover --- selection combining
Uplink softer handover --- maximal ratio combining
Downlink MDC in UE --- maximal ratio combining
MDC Gain=
Required received Eb/No without SHORequired received Eb/No with SHO
l MDC gain reduces the Eb/No requirement

l MDC leads to a gain for reception sensitivity
l MDC gain exists for both uplink and downlink

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 18
Interference Margin
Interference Curve
NoiseRise(dB)
50% UL Load 3dB

60% UL Load 4dB
75% UL Load 6dB
NoiseRise = 10 Log10 (1 UL )
UL Load
M ore Lo ad
La rge r N o ise R is e
M o re Inte rfe ren ce M a rgin
l Higher cell loading leads to heavier interference

l Interference margin affects cell coverage
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 19
[dB ]
R99 Dimensioning
F Overview
F R99 Link Budget

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 20
Differences between GSM and WCDMA

GSM
WCDMA
l Hard blocking
l Soft blocking
l Capacity --- hardware dependant
l Capacity --- interference dependant
l Single service
l Multi services (CS&PS)
l Symmetrical service
l Asymmetric and symmetric services
l Single GoS and QoS requirement
l Respective quality requirements
l Capacity dimensioning ---ErlangB
l Capacity dimensioning --Multidimensional ErlangB

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 21
CS Capacity Dimensioning (1/2)

CS services
Capacity
--- Real time

--- GoS requirement
Blocking probability
--- Resource sharing

--- Meeting GoS requirement
6
CS

Cell Loading
MultdimensionalErlangB Model
AM
R1
2 .2
k
......
Multidimensional ErlangB
MDE
HUAWEI Confidential
Channels
4k
Page 22
CS Capacity Dimensioning (2/2)

Comparison between ErlangB and Multidimensional ErlangB
ErlangB - Partitioning Resources
Multidimensional ErlangB - Resources shared
High Utilization of resources
Low Utilization of resources

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 23
Best Effort for Packet Services
PS Services:
Load
Total Load
CS Peak Load
Load occupied by PS
--- Best Effort

--- Retransmission
--- Bursty Traffic
CS Average Load
Load occupied by CS
Time
TotalLoad = max( Load CS peak , Load CS average + Load PS BE )

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 24
Capacity Dimensioning Flow

LUL i = (1 + f )
LDL i =
Pi
Pmax
1
W
1+
( E b / N o ) i Ri i
Dimensioning Start
Assumed Subscribers
Load per Connection
CS Average Cell Load
CS Peak Cell Load

(MDE)
LCS Avg = Traffici ( Erl ) LoadperConnectioni
Total Cell Load
CellLoad = max{LCS peak , LCS Avg + LPS Avg }
=Target Cell Load?
PS Average Cell Load
LPS Avg = Traffic j ( Erl ) LoadperConnection j

No
Yes
Dimensioning End

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 25
R99 Dimensioning
F Overview
F R99 Link Budget

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 26
CE Mappings for Bearers

CE Definition: a fundamental base band processing element
Bearers
CE Factor (UL)
CE Factor (DL)
AMR12.2k
CS64k
PS64k
PS128k
PS144k
PS384k
10

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 27
CE Dimensioning
......
MultdimensionalErlangB Model
AM
R1
2 .2
k
CE Resource
Total CE
CE Peak for CS
CE occupied by PS
CE
resources
CE Average for CS
CE occupied by CS
k
64
S
C
Time
TotalCEs = max(CE CS peak , CE CS average + CE PS BE )

l Channel Elements Pool in a NodeB
l CE Resource in a NodeB shared b/w CS and PS
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 28
CE Dimensioning Flow
Dimensioning Start
--Subscribers per NodeB
--Traffic model
--CE factor for various RB
CS Average CE
CECS Avg = Traffici CEFactori

i
CS Peak CE
PS Average CE
(MDE)
Channel Elements per

NodeB
CEPS Avg = Traffic j CEFactor j

j
Dimensioning End
CE R 99 = max{CECS peak , CECS Avg + CEPS Avg }

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 29
Huawei CE Dimensioning Strengths

No additional CE required for signaling
No additional CE required for CCH
Channel elements are pooled per NodeB
Low CE resource required for higher data rate
--- PS384kbps: only 8 CE in downlink
--- PS384kbps: only 10 CE in uplink

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 30
R99 Dimensioning
F Overview
F R99 Link Budget

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 31
Iub Bandwidth for Bearers

Bearers
Iub Bandwidth Required (kbps)
AMR12.2k
22
CS64k
90
PS64k
84
PS128k
164
PS144k
190
PS384k
488

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 32
Iub Dimensioning
--- Dedicated traffic bandwidth
--- Common channels bandwidth
Total Iub Bandw idth
Iub bandwidth
Iub bandwidth includes:
CS Peak Iub
Iub occupied by PS
--- O & M bandwidth
CS Average Iub
Iub dimensioning:
Iub occupied by CS
--- Iub sharing b/w CS and PS

--- CS: Multidimensional ErlangB
Iub occupied by CCH, and NodeB O&M
--- PS: Best Effort
Time
Iub =
max{ IubCS peak , IubPS BE + IubCS average } + IubCCH + IubO & M
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 33
R99 Dimensioning
HSDPA Dimensioning

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 34
HSDPA Dimensioning
F HSDPA Link Budget

F HSDPA Capacity Dimensioning
F HSDPA CE Dimensioning
F HSDPA Iub Dimensioning

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 35
Link Budget Difference b/w HSDPA &R99

R99 (DCH)
HSDPA (HS-DSCH)
l Based on Target Continuous
l Based on Cell Edge Throughput
Coverage Service
l Hard Handover
l Soft Handover
--- no SHO gain

l No Fast Power Control
--- SHO gain

l Power Control Margin
l High DL Cell Loading
l Low DL Cell Loading
--- High Interference Margin
--- Low Interference Margin

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 36
HSDPA Link Budget Principle (1/3)

Aim of HSDPA link budget
--- to obtain cell border throughput
--- based on HS-DSCH power and code allocation
HSDPA link budget based on simulation result

--- Relationship b/w Ec/Io and throughput
n Simulation Conditions
--- Channel model-TU3
--- 5 codes

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 37

HSDPA Link Budget Procedure
CoupleLoss
Simulation
Ec/Io at cell border
Cell border
throughput
Ec/Io ===> Throughput
PHS DSCH
Ec
=
Io ( + f ) DL Pmax + DL _ CoupleLoss NF No
CoupleLoss=PathLoss +BPL+CableLoss - Gains

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 38

What HSDPA link budget can do?
n to calculate cell border throughput
--- based on HS-DSCH power
--- based on cell radius
HS-DSCH
Power
Coverage
Range
n to calculate cell coverage range

--- based on HS-DSCH power
--- based on cell border throughput
Ec/Io=F (coverage radius,HS-DSCH power)
n to calculate required HSDPA Power

--- based on cell border throughput
Simulation Result
Ec/Io
--- based on coverage radius

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 39
Throughput
Impact of HSDPA on R99 Coverage (1/3)

Carrier shared between R99 and HSDPA
Impact of HSDPA on DL cell loading
n Higher power allocation for HSDPA
--- thanks to no power control for HS-DSCH
--- thanks to dynamic power allocation in NodeB
n 90% DL cell loading recommended for HSDPA network

--- typically 75% DL load designed for R99 network
Power
3GPP Release 99
Power
3GPP Release 5
Unused power
HS-DSCH(rate controlled)
Pmax-R99
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Dedicated channels (power controlled)
Common channels
Common channels
t
Power usage with dedicated channels channels

HUAWEI Confidential
t
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation
Page 40

Carrier shared between R99 and HSDPA
Impact of HSDPA on R99 DL coverage
nLoadNoiseRiseInterference Marin
nDL load from 75% to 90% NoiseRise 0.8dB
R99 DL coverage is not altered if the power increment of
CPICH&DCH equals to noise rise increment.
75%_Load

HUAWEI Confidential
addpwr_90%_Load
EcIo (dB)
Page 41
6
-1
6.
-1
6.
4
6
-1
-1
6.
2
-1
5.
8
-1
5.
6
-1
5.
4
-1
5.
-1
5
-1
4.
-1
4.
6
-1
4.
-1
4.
2
thermal noise when downlink load increases from 50% to 90%
-1
-1
-1
3.
Coupling loss(dB)
100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150
-1
3.
6
95
-1
3.
90
90%_Load
100.00%
99.00%
98.00%
97.00%
96.00%
95.00%
94.00%
93.00%
92.00%
91.00%
90.00%
89.00%
88.00%
87.00%
86.00%
85.00%
84.00%
83.00%
82.00%
81.00%
80.00%
79.00%
78.00%
77.00%
76.00%
75.00%
-1
3.
2
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Coverage Rate
Thermal noise(dB)
Thermal noise increment for downlink load

Carrier dedicated for HSDPA
H_Blocked
H_Blocked
H_90%
H_90%
100.00%
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
80.00%
70.00%
Coverage Rate
Coverage Rate
90.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
-40dBm
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
70.00%
-50dBm
-60dBm
-70dBm
-90dBm
-110dBm
-80dBm
-100dBm
10.00%
0.00%
RSCP (dBm)
-2dB -3dB -4dB
-5dB
-6dB -7dB -8dB -9dB -10dB
Ec/Io (dB)
Notes:
(1) H_Blocked means the cell supporting HSDPA is blocked
(2) H_90% means the cell supporting HSDPA is running at 90% cell load.
Conclusion: No impact of HSDPA on R99 coverage

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 42
HSDPA Dimensioning
F HSDPA Link Budget


HUAWEI Confidential
Page 43
HSDPA Capacity Dimensioning (1/2)

HSDPA
Capacity Dimensioning
--- to obtain the average cell throughput

--- based on HSDPA simulation result
--- based on static power allocation
--- based on static codes resource allocation
--- based on HSDPA scheduling algorithm
D L M ax P ow er
Target P ower
SF=1
Pow er oc cupied by H S D P A
SF=2
SF=4
SF=8
P ower occupied by D C H
SF=16
P ower occupied by C C H

8 codes for HSDPA
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 44
HSDPA Capacity Dimensioning (2/2)

Capacity Based on Simulation
--- to simulate cell edge throughput

based on Ec/Io distribution in the cell
3.50%
3.00%
2.50%
2.00%
1.50%
1.00%
0.50%
0.00%
4.22
2.98
2.04
1.39
0.96
0.66
0.45
0.31
0.21
0.14
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0
0
0
0
network with certain cell range
Distribution probability
--- to simulate Ior/Ioc distribution in the
DU Cell coverage Radius=300m
4.00%
Ioc/Ior
Dimensioning Procedures
Conditions of Simulation
Channel model-TU3
5 codes
Cell coverage
radius
Simulation
Ior/Ioc distribution
Ec/Io distribution
Ec/Io =>throughput

HUAWEI Confidential
Cell average
throughput
Page 45
Impact of HSDPA on R99 Capacity

Dedicated carrier for HSDPA
---No impact on R99 capacity
Carrier shared by HSDPA&R99

--- R99 capacity decreases if cell load kept unaltered
Downlink Cell Load
Load increase 15%
nCase 1
Only R99
Total DL load=75%
Load for CCH=20%
80%
60%
Capacity decrease 4.4%

40%
68
equivalent users
65
equivalent users
nCase 2
R99+HSDPA
Total DL Load=90%
Load for R99=75%
Load for CCH=20%
20%
R99 75% load
R99 75% load +HSDPA 15% load
Case 1
Case 2
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 46
---HSDPA efficiency higher

than R99
4.7Mbps
Gain=1.67
Spectrum Efficiency
DL pole capacity
Impact of HSDPA on System Capacity
2.8Mbps
Total Capacity
--- System capacity will
increase after introducing
HSDPA
Capacity Gain
--- higher capacity gain available
for high-end HSDPA terminals

HUAWEI Confidential
R99
HSDPA
Scenario: Indoor
R99:
PS384k
HSDPA: Category 12
Page 47
HSDPA Dimensioning
F HSDPA Link Budget


HUAWEI Confidential
Page 48
HSDPA CE Dimensioning (1/2)

Uplink CE consumption
--- One HSDPA link consumes 3 Channel Elements in Uplink
--- Recommend uplink PS64k for HSDPA link
Downlink CE consumption
--- No additional CE needed for HS-DSCH
--- One HSDPA link requires one DL A-DCH
--- One DL A-DCH(SF=256) consumes one CE
Associated D ed icated
C hannels
HS
HS
HS
-D
-S
-D
SC
CC
PC
CH
S ite 1

S ite 2
HUAWEI Confidential
Page 49
HSDPA CE Dimensioning (2/2)

Simultaneous HSDPA Connections
--- based on system throughput for HSDPA
--- based on HSDPA GBR (Guaranteed Bit Rate)
Simultaneous HSDPA connections

= HSDPA throughput per NodeB / GBR
Total CE consumed by R99 and HSDPA

Total CE per NodeB =CER99+CEHSDPA

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 50
HSDPA Dimensioning
F HSDPA Link Budget


HUAWEI Confidential
Page 51
HSDPA Iub Dimensioning

Factors affecting Iub
--- FP Overhead
--- AAL2 Overhead
Iub bandwidth for HSDPA

--- 35% overhead over HSDPA
Cell throughput
--- ATM Overhead
Iub bandwidth for HSDPA
--- PS Retransmission
= Average HSDPA throughput

* (1+ 35%)
--- PS Burstiness
Total Iub bandwidth including HSDPA and R99

TotalIub =
max{IubCS peak , IubPS BE + IubHSDPA + IubCS average } + IubCCH + IubO & M

HUAWEI Confidential
Page 52
Thank you
www.huawei.com

WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning

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30 Nov.

WCDMA Radio Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Coverage, Capacity, Quality

Capacity & Quality

Quality (GoS ) Capacity

Coverage & Quality

Higher Cell Load

Inputs & Outputs of Dimensioning

Subs. per NodeB

Area Type Information

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

R99 Dimensioning Flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Coverage Dimensioning Flow

NodeB Coverage Area

Coverage Dimensioning End

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Uplink: Radio Link Budget

Fast fading margin

NodeB reception sensitvity

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Downlink: Radio Link Budget

Fast fading margin

NodeB Transmit Power

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Cable Loss in Link Budget

--- Connectors loss b/w NodeB and antenna

7/8 inch cable: 6.29dB/100m@2100MHz

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Path Loss and Fading

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Slow Fading Margin

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Received Signal Level [dBm]

SHO Gain against Slow Fading

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Fast Fading Margin

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

SHO Gain against Fast Fading

Case 2: More links (SHO)

The probability of a correctly detected signal increases

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Power density (W/Hz)

Signal after despreading

Macro Diversity Combining Gain

l MDC gain reduces the Eb/No requirement

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

50% UL Load 3dB

M o re Inte rfe ren ce M a rgin

l Higher cell loading leads to heavier interference

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Differences between GSM and WCDMA

l Capacity --- hardware dependant

l Capacity --- interference dependant

l Multi services (CS&PS)

l Asymmetric and symmetric services

l Single GoS and QoS requirement

l Respective quality requirements

l Capacity dimensioning ---ErlangB