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ParaLink
ParaLink is suitable for structural applications where a long term design life
(50-120 years typically depending on the different existing regulations) is required.
ParaGrid
ParaGrid is suitable for structural applications where a long term design life
(50-120 years typically depending on the different existing regulations) is
required.
ParaDrain
ParaDrain has a unique combination of reinforcement and drainage.
They are manufactured using a proven technology of the ParaGrid
reinforcing products in combination with heat-bonded nonwoven
continuous filament geotextiles as filters.
The reinforcing function is provided by high tenacity polyester yarns
enacsed in a durable sheath of polyethylene which is profiled to provide
a drainage channel. The nonwoven geotextile acts as a filter to allow
pore water to escape into the drainage channel from the soil mass in
which the product is placed. ParaDrain has good bidirectional strength
and is available in strength from 50 kN/m to 200 kN/m in the main
direction (longitudinal) and 5 or 15 kN/m in the secondary direction.
02
ParaLink
Reinforcement of the fill of steep slopes; ParaGrid steep slopes can be built
using different types of facings according to the Contractors preference.
Reinforcement of the fill in segmental block walls; ParaGrid can be used
in combination with any type of block.
Reinforcement of low embankments on soft soils to limit and manage
differential settlements.
Reinforcement in soil veneer applications; ParaGrid is typically used as
reinforcement to stabilize soil layers on sliding sloped surfaces (e.g. Landfill
cappings are the most typical application)
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ParaGrid
Th e b a s i c t e c h n o l o g y o f Pa r a p r o d u c t s i s t h e e x t r u s i o n o f
polymeric materials around high tenacity polyester or aramid
textile cores. The resulting composite products have a flat
webbing configuration (strip). The textile type and content
determines the physical characteristics of the products in
ParaDrain
Products Range
D e si gn l oa d
where Tnominal is the nominal breaking
load corresponding to the short term tensile
strength; Fcreep is the safety factor due to
the creep behaviour at the fixed design life
and Fm is the safety factor depending on
the product itself and from the construction
and e nvir onme nta l e ffect s.
Th e m a x i m u m d e s i g n l o a d ( T d e s i g n ) , t h a t t h e
reinforcement can be relied to deliver at the
end of the design life and at a design
t e m p e ra t u r e, c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e
for mul a:
g o o d q u a l i t y g r a n u l a r s o i l s t h a n m i x e d o r c l a y s o i l s.
Th i s i s t h e r e a s o n w h y c o m p a c t g r a n u l a r s o i l s a r e t h e
standard construction material for reinforced soil
applications and the significant opportunity which
o p e n s u p b y t h e u s e o f t h e Pa ra D ra i n ra n g e t o r e i n f o r c e
fm = fm1 x fm2
c o h e s i v e s o i l s.
Behaviour of geosynthetic
reinforcements under long term loads
Th e r e a r e f o u r m a i n r e q u i r e m e n t f o r g e o s y n t h e t i c
r ei n fo r c em en t m at er i al s:
Streng th
S ti f f ne s s
- In i t i al st r en g t h ( n o m i n al b r e ak in g lo ad )
- Reduction of initial strength due to installation damage
fm1 1
fm1 2
fm21
fm22
consistency of manufacture
production process
extrapolation
of test data
installation
damages
environmental aggression of
the soil where reinforcement is
placed (basic, ph, etc..)
fm1 11
fm112
fm121
fm122
fm211
fm212
emply or not of
appropriate audites
quality controls
geometrical
tollerances on
reinforcement
confidence in the
evaluation of the
statistic parameters
estrapolation of
statistic parameters
for lon g term values
Durab l i ty
- Effec t o f u l t ra- v i o l et l i g h t
B ond
- Effec t o f ox i d at i o n o n p o ly o le f in s ( P P an d P E)
- De p e n d in g o n so il t y p e
a c c o rd i n g t o B S8 0 0 6
- Effec t o f h y d r o l y si s o n p o ly e st e r
tn n
04
t3
t2
t1
t0
4
Strain
3
2
1
0
S t re
05
ss
Tim
Pr o d u c t main properties
Product certifications
Creep b ehav i o ur
R e s i s ta nce to i ns ta l l a ti on da m a ge
Th e h i g h t e n a c i t y p o l y e s t e r f i b r e s o f t h e Pa ra p r o d u c t s
a r e p r o t e c t e d b y a t h o u g h a n d d u ra b l e p o l y e t h y l e n e
coating that prevents the load carrying yarns from
b e in g d amag e d d u r in g t h e in st allat io n .
Pa r a p r o d u c t s a r e r e s i l i e n t t o t h e d e s t r u c t i v e f o r c e s
encountered during installation with negligible loss in
s t r e n g t h . I n c o n t ra s t , f a b r i c s u s e d f o r r e i n f o r c e m e n t
can lose up to 60% of their ultimate strength during
c o n s t r u c t i o n b e c a u s e o f t h e i r v u l n e ra b l e u n p r o t e c t e d
st r u c t u r e.
40
60 Years
120 Years
1 Year
5 Years
1 Day
1 Hour
C E m ar k in g
Pa r a p r o d u c t s r a n g e c o n f o r m s t o t h e C o n s t r u c t i o n
Products Directive - Council Directive 89/106/EEC as
reinforcement material - R - according to EN13249,
EN13250, EN13251, EN13253, EN13255, EN13257,
EN 13265.
100
60 Years
120 Years
1 Year
5 Years
1 Day
1 Week
1 Month
1 Hour
Th e p o l y e t h y l e n e o u t e r c o a t i n g o f t h e Pa r a p r o d u c t
materials provides the best protection from chemical
at t ac k.
Whilst the polyester core is highly resistant to chemical
degradation, the outer coating provides added security
such that the geogrid will continue to perform
throughout the design life in the most adverse
conditions associated with waste materials and brown
fi el d si t es.
1 Week
1 Month
Pro d uc t d urab i l i ty
Pa raG r i d B BA c er t i fi c at i o n s
90
80
70
Polyester used
in reinforcement
60
50
High density
polyathylene
40
30
Polypropylene
20
10
0
Polypropylene
10
35
Elongation (%)
30
High density
polyathylene
25
20
100
15
10
90
% retained strength
Polyester used
in reinforcement
0
0
10
80
ParaGrid
Woven geogrids
70
Geotextilex
60
60
120
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07
Steep Slopes
Slope construction using
Paraproducts
There are various methods available for slope construction
u si n g Parap r o d u c t s.
The type of facing used is largely dependent on Contractor
p r efer en c e an d d esi r ed aest h e t ic s o f t h e slo p e.
Standard wrap around
The method can be used with larger vertical
spacings between geogrid reinforcement layers
resulting in a slight curvature at the slope
face.
This produces a more natural looking slope
w i t h i n c r e a s e d va r i a t i o n i n t e r m s o f l i g h t ,
shade, and moisture conditions.
Permanent shuttering
A permanent shutter at the front face provide
an increase in the rate of construction with
an even front face.
This form of construction is ideally suitable
where the designer wishes to achieve a grass
finish with minimum variation across.
Shallow slope
C o s t be ne fi t s
E n vi ro n m e n ta l be ne fit s
R e i n f o r c e d s o i l s t r u c t u r e s p r o v i d e a p ra c t i c a l s o l u t i o n
for steep slope construction without incurring the
additional cost associated with a conventional retaining
wall. A reinforced steep slope will typically be less than
hal f t he cost of a conv ent iona l r et ai ning wal l
Pa ra D ra i n r e i n f o r c e m e n t e n a b l e s t h e u s e o f m a r g i n a l
soils improving the typical saving of a soil reinforced
s t r u c t u r e a n d m a ke s t h i s s o l u t i o n f e a s i b l e w i t h a n y
loca ll y ava ila ble fil li ng.
Para-Mesh solution
The ideal solution designed by Maccaferri which
j o i n s t h e a d va n t a g e s o f t h e c o m b i n e d u s e o f
Paraproducts with the steel Terramesh units.
Pa ra p r o d u c t m a t e r i a l s p r o v i d e t h e n e c e s s a r y
strength to guarantee the overall stability of the
structure while performed Terramesh units act as
secondary reinforcement and permanent shuttering
maximising the speed of construction.
The system is recommended for high structures.
F u r t h e r m o r e, g r e e n f a c e d s l o p e s m i n i m i s e t h e v i s u a l
impact on our environment and provide habitat for our
fa una a nd flora.
Traditional
Retaining
Wall
Traditional
Shallow
Slope
50%Reduction in Cost
Improved Appearance
Kinder to the
Environment
Improved
Noise
Reduction
Traditional
Shallow
Slope
Parap ro d u c ts rei n fo rc em en t
Sy s t em uni t s act i ng as
ac ti n g as p ri m ari rei n fo rc em en t;
Reinforced Slope
Increased
Developable Land
Improved
Noise
Reduction
Reinforced Slope
Increased Land
for Development
or Reduced Land Take
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09
Construction period
T,
Shear strength of
foundation supports
embankment
Basal Reinforcement
Time
E i t h e r i n t h e c a s e o f c o n s t r u c t i o n o v e r a re a s p ro n e t o
subsidence or in combination with piled
foundations are being long term reinforcement
ap p l i c at i o n s d esi g n ed .
I n b o t h c a s e s t h e Pa r a L i n k r e i n f o r c e m e n t m u s t
g u a ra n t e e l o n g t e r m s t r u c t u ra l b e h a v i o u r a n d
fi t t h e d esi g n r eq u i r em en t s.
ParaLink materials have been used in such
applications since the 80s and there is a
large data base of succesfully applications
demonstrating the efficency and high
va l u e p e r f o r m a n c e o f Pa ra L i n k
geogrids; ParaLink is BBA certified
for use as basal reinforment in
important structures as
h i g h way em b an km en t s.
Construction period
T,
Time
Basal reinforced piled embankments
Construction period
T,
Void formation
No void maintenance performed
Time
Basal reinforced embankments spanning voids
Co st b enefits
Reinforced soil foundations provide a practical
solution for reinforcement under embankments
o n so ft so i l s.
Th e f i r s t s a v i n g i s i n t i m e b e c a u s e r e d u c i n g
construction time can give substantial cost
b en efi t s.
The use in combination with piles reduces the
cost of the concrete part of the solution and
enables embankments to be constructed to
an y h ei g h t at an u n r est r ic t e d rat e.
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