Lesson plan on Organizational Behaviour

General Information:
Name of the teacher:Binal Joshi
Course

Management Of Nursing Service And

Education
Unit:4
Organizational Behavior

Unit
Topic
Group of students
No. of students in group
Date
Time
Venue
Previous knowledge of the
group
Teaching method
Audio-Visual Aids

Seven Semester students

60
(1.5 hour)
Classroom

Lecture cum Discussion

Black board and PPT

Central Objective
:
After completion of the class students will be
able to gain knowledge and understanding about
organizational Behavior
Specific objectives: After completion of the topic students will be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Sr.
N
o.

To
To
To
To
To
To
To

introduce organizational behavior.

define Organizational Behavior
relate nature of organization
introduce the concept of organizational behavior
enlist principles of organizational behavior
identify steps of organizational process.
describe theories of motivation

Specific
Objective

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Content

Time
(Min.)
Page 1

Teaching
Learning
activities

1.

2.

To introduce
the concept
of
organization
al behavior.

Introduction:
Organizationalbehavior is
"the
study
of human behavior in organizational settings,
the interface between human behavior and the
organization, and the organization itself

To define
organizationa Definition: Different authors have defined
organization in different ways. The main
l behaviour
definitions of organization are as follows:
According to keith Davis, Organization
may be defined as a group of individuals,
large of small, that is cooperating under the
direction
of
executive
leadership
in
accomplishment of certain common object.

3.

To relate
nature of
organization

Teacher
verbally
introduced
the topic

10

Teacher
defines
Organizatio
nal
Behavior o
PPT.

According to
Chester
I.
Barnard,
Organization is a system of co-operative
activities of two or more persons.
According to Louis A. Allen, Organization
is the process of identifying and grouping the
work to be performed, defining and
delegating responsibility and authority, and
establishing relationship for the purpose of
enabling people to work most effectively
together in accomplishing objectives.
According to Mooney and Railey,
Organisation is the form of every human
association for the attainment of a common
purpose.
5

Teacher
explains
nature with
the use of
Black Boar

NATURE OF ORGANIZATION
Organisation is the foundation upon
which
the
whole
structure
of
management is built.
Organisation is related with developing a
frame work where the total work is
divided into manageable components in
order to facilitate the achievement of

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 2

objectives or goals.
Thus, organisation is the structure or
mechanism (machinery) that enables
living things to work together. In a static
sense, an organisation is a structure or
machinery
manned
by
group
of
individuals who are working together
towards a common goal.
Organization is the process of dividing
and combiningthe activities.It is the
process of organization which finds the
means, human and material to meet with
situation foreseen.
Organization should have four P which
form the base of organization as follows
1. P:Purpose
2. P:Process
3. P:person
4. P:place
4.

To introduce
the concept
of
organization
al behavior.

10
Alike management, the term organisation
has also been used in a number of ways.
broadly speaking, the term organisation is
used in four different senses: as a process, as a
structure of relationship, as a group of persons
and as a system, as given below:
1. Organisation as a Process: In this first
sense, organisation is treated as a
dynamic process and a managerial
activity which is essential for planning
the utilization of companys resources,
plant an equipment materials, money
and people to accomplish the various
objectives.
2. Organisation as a Framework of
Relationship: In the second sense
organisation refers to the structure of
relationships and among position jobs
which is created to release certain

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 3

Teacher
verbally
explains th
concept of
organisatio
with use of
blackboard

3.

4.

5.

6.

objectives. For example: According to

Mooney and Reily, Organisation is the
form of every human association for the
attainment of a common purpose.
Organisation
as
a
Group
of
persons: In the third sense, organisation
is very often viewed as a group of
persons contributing their efforts towards
certain goals. Organisation begins when
people combine their efforts for some
common purpose.
It is a universal truth that an individual is
unable ability and resources. Barnard has
defined Organisation as an identifiable
group of people contributing their efforts
towards the attainment of goals.
Organisation as a System: In the
fourth sense, the organisation is viewed
as system. System concepts recognize
that organizations are made up of
components each of which has unique
properties, capabilities and mutual
relationship. The constituent elements of
a system are linked together in such
complex ways that actions taken by one
producer have far reaching effect on
others.
In short, organizing is the determining,
grouping and arranging of the various
activities deemed necessary for the
attainment of the objectives, the
assigning of people to those activities,
the providing of suitable physical factors
of environment and the indicating of the
relative authority delegated to each
individual charged with the execution of
each respective activity.

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 4

5.

To enlist
principles of
organization
al behavior

Principles of Organisation
20
There is no unanimity as to number of
principles of organisation amongst the leading
authors on the subject. L.K. Urwick, in his
paper Scientific Principles of Organisation
(1938) and Notes on the Theory of
Organisation (1952) prescribed ten principles
of organisation. Thereafter, many other writers
on the subject have added a few more
principles of organisation. The main principles
of organisation are as follows:
1. The Principle of Objective
Every enterprise, big or small, prescribes
certain basic objectives. Organisation
serves as a tool in attaining these
prescribed objectives. Every part of the
organisation and the organisation as a
whole should be geared to the basic
objective determined by the enterprise.
2. Principle of Specialization
Precise division of work facilitates
specialization.
According
to
this
principles division of work between the
employees must be based on their
ability, capability, tasks, knowledge and
interest. This will ensure specialization
and specialization will lead to efficiency,
quality and elimination of wastage etc.
3. The Scalar Principle
The principle is sometimes known as the
chain command. There must be clear
lines of authority running from the top to
the bottom of the organisation.
4. The Principle of Authority
Authority is the element of organisation
structure. It is the tool by which a

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 5

Teacher
verbally
explains th
principles o
Organizatio
n with use
of PPT.

manager
is
able
to
create
an
environment for individual performance.
5. The Principle of Unity of Command
One subordinate should be kept in the
supervision of one boss only. This
principle avoids the possibility of
conflicts in instructions and develops the
feeling of personnel responsibility for the
work.
6. The Principal Span of Control
It
is
also
known
as
span
of
management, span of supervision or
levels of organisation, etc.
7. The Principle of Definition
The contents of every position should be
clearly
defined.
The
duties,
responsibilities,
authorities
and
organizational
relationship
of
an
individual working on a particular
position should be well defined.
8. The Principle of the Unity of
Direction
The basic rationale for the very existence
of organisation is the attainment of
certain objectives. Major objective should
be split into functional activities and
there should be one objective and one
plan for each group of people.
9. The Principle of Supremacy of
Organisation Objectives
The organisation goals and objectives
should be given wide publicity within the
organisation. The people contributing to
it, should be made to understand that
enterprise objectives are more valuable
Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 6

and significant and one should place

ones personal motives under it.
10.
The Principle of Balance
In every organisation structure there is
need for balance. For effective grouping
and assigning activities, this principle
calls for putting balance on all types of
factors human, technical as well as
financial.
11.
The
Principle
of
Human
Element
This principle indicates that the success
or failure of an enterprise largely
depends on the handling of human
element. If the organisation has sound
labor policies along with a number of
welfare activities it is bound to succeed.
12.
The Principle of Discipline
According to his principle, it is the
responsibility of the management to
maintain proper discipline in the
enterprise. Fayol considered discipline as
respect for agreements which are
directed
at
achieving
obedience,
application, energy and outward mark of
respect.
6.

To identify
steps in
process of
organisation

Steps in the Process of Organisation

15
Organisation means identifying, arranging and
integrating different elements of organisation
into efficient working order. It requires the
management to follow the following process of
organisation.
Division of work
The main function is divided into sub-functions
and entrusted to the different departmental
heads. The result is the establishment of

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 7

Teacher
verbally
explains th
steps in
Process of
organizatio
with use of
PPT.

departments like Purchase, Sales, Production,

Accounts, Publicity and Public relations. The
departments can be further classified just as
production department into (1) Planning (2)
Designing, (3) Operations, (4) Production
Control and (5) Repairs and Maintenance. The
division of the work is based upon the fact that
specialization
is
keynote
of
efficient
organisation.
Grouping
of
Job
and
Departmentation
The second step is to group similar or related
jobs into larger units, called departments,
divisions or sections. Grouping process is
called departmentation.
The department may be based upon functions
such as manufacturing, marketing and
financing etc. Department may also be based
on products, such as textiles, cosmetic,
stationery etc. These departments may have
different sections as per requirement.
Grouping jobs or Departmentation aims at
achieving coordination and facilitates unity of
efforts. The departments are linked together
on the basis of interdependence. The divided
task is assigned to specific individual or group
of individuals who are supposed to be the most
qualified and specialized persons for the task.
Assigning duties
The work to be performed by every individual
is clearly defined and made known to him.
Every one must know, what he is required to
do in order to avoid any misunderstanding,
duplication or overlapping in the work.
Granting authorities and fixing
responsibilities
Assigning of duties to individuals must coincide
Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 8

with the appropriate and relevant authorities.

Every employee must know, what the
authorities granted to him and for what and to
whom he will be responsible, liable and
accountable.
Delegation of authority
Those who are made responsible for specific
tasks
are
given
due
authority.
Both
responsibility and authority go hand in hand
together. Reasonable powers are delegated to
heads and supervisory staff to enable them to
do their work with ease and efficiency.
Effective communication
Effective communication is the keynote of
efficient organisation. There should be proper
arrangement of communication messages from
executives to subordinates and vice-versa.
Proper communication system establishes
harmonious relationship between employees
and enables execution of work in the right
manner at the appropriate time and in an
atmosphere of perfect mutual adjustment.
Co-ordination
of
activities
for
common objectives
Business activity is a team work or the group
activity, so the efforts of every employee must
be co-ordinate effectively to achieve the
common objectives of the enterprise.
7.

To describe
Classical
theory of
Organization

Classical Theory of Organization

Teacher
verbally
explains th
theory
Classical
Theory of
Organizatio
n with use

Bureaucratic Organizational Model - Max

Weber
This formal model includes
(1) a hierarchical arrangement with separation
of authority,
(2) task specialization among employees
(division of labor),

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 9

8.

To describe
theory of
Human
Relations
Approach

(3) Hiring of professional personnel based on

technical knowledge, (4) separation of
personal & organizational property and,
(5) Implicit rules and regulations that govern
official decisions and actions. The intent is to
maximize
rational
decision-making
and
facilitate increased efficiency.
It is based on rational-legal authority rather
than power and persuasion. Rational legal
authority is a belief that laws can be enacted
and changed by formally correct procedures.
This organizational model has drawn the
following criticisms:
(1) Hierarchical authority can perpetuate
rigidity and adherence to rules,
(2) The impersonal focus can result in low
morale and alienation,
(3) Division of labor can stifle initiative and,
(4) Informal relationships and individual needs
are ignored.
Scientific Management - Frederick W. Taylor
This perspective focuses on increasing
efficiency and maximizing human productivity
by identifying the "best" way to do a job.
Scientific analysis and time and motion studies
were used to identify and help eliminate
muscular and physiological activities that lead
to worker fatigue. In an effort to optimize work
performance, pay was linked to output. This
theory has been criticized because it embodies
a mechanistic view of workers as extensions of
machines.
Human Relations Approach
7
The focus in this organizational theory is on the
social and affective needs of employees and
emphasizes the importance of feelings,
attitudes and social climate of organizations.
Although the basic organizational structure
may resemble a bureaucratic model, informal
interactions that exist outside bureaucratic

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 10

of PPT

Teacher
verbally
explains th
theory
Human
Relation
Theory of
Organizatio
n with use

norms or formal dimensions of an organization

are identified.
Employees whose social and psychological
needs have been fulfilled are motivated to
work more productively. The impact of human
relations on employee productivity has been
demonstrated in two studies. The results are
known as the Hawthorne Effect.
The first experiment investigated the effect
of increased light on productivity. The results
showed that increased productivity was due to
subjects' responses to attention and novelty of
the experiment and not to an increase or
decrease in light.
The second experiment (bank-wiring room),
investigated
the
relationship
between
increased financial incentives and productivity.
Results showed that workers establish informal
standards that define a "satisfactory" day's
work. Production greater or less than standard
was unacceptable to the group.
These two experiments showed that
(1) group norms are equal to or greater than
managerial or administrative norms in
importance in determining a productivity level,
(2) noneconomic rewards can increase
productivity, and
(3) Group satisfaction and commitment are
enhanced through participatory decision
making.
The Hawthorne studies also showed that
leadership style has an effect on group
performance. A "democratic" style was found
to be more effective for group performance
than either a "laissez-faire" or "authoritarian"
style. Leaders who give equal attention to
initiating structure (task performance) and
consideration
(friendship,
trust,
respect,
warmth, and concern) tend to be more
effective as measured by worker satisfaction
and performance. Within groups, there exists
Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

of PPT

Page 11

9.

To describe
theory of
system
approach

a both formal and informal leader. Formal

appointed leaders are concerned with task
performance while informal leaders emerge for
the group and attend to the group's social and
psychological needs.
Systems Approach
5
Systems can be viewed from three different
perspectives: biological (living organisms),
mechanical
(automobiles),
and
social
(organizations).
Within each of these perspectives, there are
two basic system types: closed and open.
Closed systems, like the bureaucratic and
human relations models, have impenetrable
boundaries and derive few inputs from
environment.
Although thought to be selfsufficient, these systems can experience
entropy, a movement to disorder, lack of
resource transformation, and eventually death.
In contrast, open systems have permeable
boundaries exchanging resources with the
environment. Homeostasis exists when the
system is stable and there is a balance or
equilibrium between environmental resources
and the system. Disequilibrium results when
the system is unable to use resources as they
are received from the environment or when its
subsystems are out of balance. One criticism of
the systems approach is that it fails to
adequately account for change that results
from interactions between people.
Open Systems Approach
The open systems approach to organizational
theory emerged in the 1960s. Organizations
were viewed as open systems that interact
with the environments in which they exist. The
relationship of organizational parts and the link
between the organization and its larger
environment was stressed.
The inputthroughput-output model was used to describe

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Page 12

Teacher
verbally
explains th
theory with
use of ppt.

this approach.
Organizations maintain
themselves by processing inputs from their
environment and converting them into outputs.
Assignment to the students
:
Write down the Scientific
Management of Physiological Organization
Theory.
Date of Submission

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DELMAR CENGAGE learning,Australia:2008.
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Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

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