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24
10) Which kind of Handovers more desired in the Network?
Rx Level
Power Budget Correct!
Rx Quality
Interference
11) SDCCH holding time for Normal location update is
3.8ms
3.5sec Correct!
3.5ms
None of them
12) SDCCH holding time for call setup (MOC) is
2.7sec Correct!
3.5sec
2.7ms
3.5ms
13) Same BCCH-BSIC combination in adjacency will lead
Will not cause any problem.
Massive Handove failaur
Call drop
B & C Correct!
14) What is the reason of ping-pong handover
Cable swap
No dominant cell coverage
Improper handover margine
All of above Correct!
15) If there is interference on the BCCH TRx and the call is going on at the
hopping Trx
Call will drop
Call will be unafected Correct!
Call will attempt handover due to this interference
None of above
16) If in a cell all KPI is going well but its TCH drop is high, there is no any RF
and hardware
issue then this TCH drop will be due to
Transcoder fail Correct!
Lapd fail
A&B
None of them
17) Which system informations are used in idle mode
System information 1,2,3,4,7 & 8 Correct!
System information 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 & 8
System information 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 & 10
System information 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 & 13
18) Which system informations are used for BA list
System information 1,2,3 & 4 Correct!
System information 5,6,8,9,10 & 12
System information 12 & 13
None of them
RSRP, to perform a handover to the next cell. Reference signal receive quality is used
only during connected states
Range :- -3 to -19.5 dB
RSRQ term is used for Quality same as Ec/No in 3G.
SINR :- Signal to Noise Ratio.
SINR = S / I + N
S -- Average Received Signal Power
I -- Average Interference power
N -- Noise Power
Significance : Is a way to measure the Quality of LTE Wireless Connections. As the
energy of signal fades with distance i.e Path Loss due to environmental parameters
( e.g. background noise , interfering strength of other simultaneous transmission)
Significance :
Is the parameter represents the entire received power including the
wanted power from the serving cell as well as all the co channel power
& other sources of noise
CQI :- Channel Quality Indicator
Range :- 1 to 15
Significance:
CQI is a measurement of the communication quality of wireless channels i.e. it
indicates the downlink mobile radio channel quality as experienced by the UE .CQI
can be a value representing a measure of channel quality for a given channel.
Typically, a high value CQI is indicative of a channel with high quality and vice versa.
DDownlink Throughput
-I n E-UTRAN may use a maximum of 2 Tx antennas at the ENodeB and
2 Rx antennas at the UE ( MIMO ).
Significance - Target for averaged user throughput per MHz, 3 to 4 times
Release 6 HSDPA i.e Higher user throughput as compared to 3G ( Over 300 Mbps
downlink as compared to 14 Mbps in UMTS)
Uplink Throughput
-I n E-UTRAN uses a maximum of a single Tx antenna at the UE and 2 Rx
antennas at the E Node B.
- Greater user throughput should be achievable using multiple Tx
antennas at the UE ( MIMO )
.
- SignificanceTarget for averaged user throughput per MHz, 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced
Uplink i.e Higher user throughput as compared to 3G (Over 50 Mbps Uplink as
compared to 5.76 Mbps in UMTS).The user throughput should scale with the
spectrum bandwidth provided that the maximum transmit power is also scaled.
Link Budget
Sensitivity is the minimum input power needed to get a suitable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output
of the receiver. It is determined by receiver noise figure, thermo noise power and required SNR. Thermo
noise power is determined by bandwidth and temperature, SNR is determined by modulation technique,
therefore the only variable is noise figure.
The cascading noise figure can be calculated by Friis equation (Herald Friis):
NFt = NF1 + (NF2-1)/G1 + (NF3-1)/(G1*G2) + ... + (NFi-1)/(G1*G2*...*Gi)
As the equation shows, the first block imposes the minimum and the most prominent noise figure on the
system, and the following blocks imposes less and less impact to the system provided the gains are
positive. Linear passive devices have noise figure equal to their loss. A TMA typically has a gain of 12dB.
There are typically top jumper, main feeder and a bottom jumper between antenna and BTS. A TMA
placed near antenna with a short jumper from antenna provides the best noise figure improvement the
noise figure will be restricted to the top jumper loss (NF1) and TMA ((NF2-1)/G1), and the remaining
blocks (main feeder and bottom jumper) have little effect.
To summarize, a TMA has a gain thats close to feeder loss.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->12.<!--[endif]-->What are the pros and cons (advantages and
disadvantages) of TMA?
On the upside, a TMA reduces system noise, improves uplink sensitivity and leads to longer UE battery
life. On the downside, TMA imposes an additional insertion loss (typically 0.5dB) on the downlink and
increases site installation and maintenance complexity.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->14.<!--[endif]-->Why TMA are installed at the top near the
antenna and not the bottom near the NodeB?
Based on Friis Equation, having a TMA near the BTS will have the top jumper and main feeder losses
(noise figures) cascaded in and a TMA will not be able to help suppress the losses.
PS-64: 18dB
PS-128: 15dB
PS-384: 10dB
HSDPA: 2dB
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Consider soft-handover factor of 1.8 and loading factor of 50%:
124 / 1.8 *.05 = 34 uers/cell.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->On the downlink, typically CS has 6 to 7dB and PS is 5 to 6dB
PS is about 1dB lower.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Soft handover uplink: RNC performs selection combining, i.e.
RNC selects the better signal coming from multiple NodeB.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->UE using several radio links requires more channelization codes,
and more resources on the Iub and Iur interfaces.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->35.<!--[endif]-->What are fast fading margin and slow fading
margin?
To factor in the fast fading and slow fading, we need to have a margin in the link budget and they are
called fast fading margin and slow fading margin.
In link budget, the fast fading margin is usually set to 2-3; slow fading margin is set to 7-10.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->The coverage area is small since users are close to the site, and
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->More power can be allocated to traffic channels.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->41.<!--[endif]-->How much is your HSDPA (max) link power?
HSDPA link power is typically 4 to 5dB below the maximum NodeB maximum output power. For
example, for 43dBm maximum NodeB power the HSDPA link power is 39dBm.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Macro layer group: 24 code groups reserved for macro (outdoor)
sites.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Micro layer group: 16 code groups reserved for micro (inbuilding) sites.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Expansion group: 24 code groups reserved for future expansion
sites.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Closed outer loop: RNC calculates the SIR target and sends the
target to NodeB (every 10ms frame).
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Closed inner loop: NodeB sends the TPC bits to UE to increase
or decrease the power at 1,500 times a second.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->When a UE needs to access to the network it uses RACH to begin
the process.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->RACH is a shared channel on the uplink used by all UE,
therefore may encounter contention (collision) during multiple user access attempts and interfere with
each other.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Each UE must estimate the amount of power to use on the
access attempt since no feedback from the NodeB exists as it does on the dedicated channel.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->The purpose of open loop power control is to minimize the
chance of collision and minimize the initial UE transmit power to reduce interference to other UE.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->68.<!--[endif]-->Suppose two UE are served by the same cell, the
UE with weaker link (poor RF condition) uses more capacity, why does this mean?
The UE with weaker RF link will require NodeB to transmit higher traffic power in order to reach the UE,
resulting in less power for other UE therefore consumes more capacity.
UTRAN
< !--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->Physical layer (Layer 1, L1): used to transmit data over the air,
responsible for channel coding, interleaving, repetition, modulation, power control, macro-diversity
combining.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->Link layer (L2): is split into 2 sub-layers Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Radio Link Control (RLC).
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->RLC: segments the data streams into frames that are small
enough to be transmitted over the radio link.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]-->Upper layer (L3): vertically partitioned into 2 planes: control
plane for signaling and user plan for bearer traffic.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->RRC (Radio Resource Control) is the control plan protocol:
controls the radio resources for the access network.
In implementation:
< !--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->Transport Channel: carries data between physical layer and
MAC layer.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]-->Logical Channel: carries data between MAC layer and RRC
layer.
<!--[endif]-->
< !--[if !supportLists]-->86.<!--[endif]-->What are the symbol rates (bits per symbol) for
BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM?
Planning
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Standard deviation error: the smaller the better, usually 7 to
9dB.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Mean error: the smaller the better, usually 2 to3.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Root mean square error: the smaller the better, usually
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Correlation coefficient: the larger the better, usually 70% to
90%.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->93.<!--[endif]-->How many scrambling code groups are there for
downlink?
There are 64 code groups, each group has 8 scrambling codes.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->97.<!--[endif]-->In IS-95 we have a PN reuse factor (PN step size)
and therefore cannot use all 512 PN codes, why isnt it necessary for UMTS scrambling
codes?
Because IS-95 is a synchronized network, different PN codes have the same code sequence with a time
shift, therefore we need to maintain a certain PN step size to avoid multi-path problem. For example, if
two sectors in the neighborhood have a small PN separation then signal arriving from cell A may run into
the time domain of cell B, causing interference.
UMTS, on the other hand, is not a synchronized network and all scrambling codes are mutually
orthogonal so no need to maintain a step size.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->After aligning to NodeB time slot, UE then uses secondary
synchronization channel (S-SCH) to obtain frame synchronization and scrambling code group
identification.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]-->UE then uses scrambling code ID to obtain CPICH, thus
camping to a NodeB.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Active set the list of cells which are in soft handover with UE.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Monitored set the list of cells not in active set but RNC has told
UE to monitor.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Detected set list of cells detected by the UE but not configured
in the neighbor list.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e1b a primary CPICH leaves the reporting range, i.e. removed
a cell from active set.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e1c a non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active
primary CPICH, i.e. replace a cell.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e3a: the UMTS cell quality has moved below a threshold and a
GSM cell quality had moved above a threshold.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e3b: the GSM cell quality has moved below a threshold.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e3c: the GSM cell quality has moved above a threshold.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->e3d: there was a change in the order of best GSM cell list.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->117.<!--[endif]-->What may happen when theres a missing
neighbor or an incorrect neighbor?
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Access failure and handover failure: may attempt to access to a
wrong scrambling code.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Dropped call: UE not aware of a strong scrambling code, strong
interference.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->What are the typical commands you have for CS and PS call?
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Do you regularly stop and restart a new log file? Why and when
to stop and start a new file?
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->How do you stop a log file? Stop command sequence first, wait
and make sure all equipment are in idle mode before stop logging.
< !--[if !supportLists]-->127.<!--[endif]-->What are the possible causes for a lower PSR?
< !--[if !supportLists]-->128.<!--[endif]-->What are the possible causes for a Drop Call on a
UMTS network?
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Study the Pilot spillover from the 3rd Tier SC and control its
coverage
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Even after controlling the coverage, if the spillover is there, Add
the neighbor.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Hard Handover in UMTS is a break before make type Handover
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->It can happen in the inter RNC boundaries where there is no Iur
link.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Typical Values are like 1.7 (Avg Active Set Size) or 35%
(Secondary / Total )
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->With OCNS, the interference (load) increases. This leads to
reduction in Ec/Io of a Pilot, which reduces the pilot spillovers. Reduction in Pilot Spillover will reduce
the Soft Handover Overhead.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->System Ref Point for E/// NodeB is at the output of TMA
(Between TMA and Antenna)
terminating existing users. Once the congestion is corrected, the congestion resolution actions will cease,
and Admission Control will be enabled.
<!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]-->
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Sharing the HS Channelization Codes among more than one HS
users within the 2ms TTI period.
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->Power unutilized by R99 PS, CS and Comman Channels, is used
for HS (PHS = Pmax - hsPowerMargin- Pnon-HS)
< !--[if !supportLists]-->145.<!--[endif]-->What are Events that can trigger the HSDPA Cell
Change?
< !--[if !supportLists]-->146.<!--[endif]-->How is typically the Call Setup Time of a CSV call
calculated in UMTS using L3 messages?
< !--[if !supportLists]--><!--[endif]-->CST is calculated as the time difference between Alerting and
the first RRC Connection Request (Call Initiation) messages.
Q2. The parameter number of Slot Spread Trans (SLO)(BTS) is used to allocate a number of
CCCH blocks for .
a) Paging Channel (PCH)
b) Random Access Channel (RACH)
c) Access Grant Channel (AGCH)
d) Traffic Channel
Q3. Which of the following comment is true?
a) MAIO step is used to avoid intra-cell interference where as HSN is used to avoid inter-cell
interference
b) HSN is used to avoid intra-cell interference where as MAIO step is used to avoid inter-cell
interference
c) Both MAIO step and HSN are used to avoid intra-cell interference.
d) Both MAIO step and HSN are used to avoid inter-cell interference
Q4. Timer T200 is related with which KPI
a) SDCCH Completion rate
b) Paging success rate
c) TCH assignment success rate
d) All of the above
Q5. Which parameter defines how often paging messages are sent to MS?
a) No of Multi-frames between Paging (MFR)
b) Rx Level Access Minimum (RXP) This is min RX level received by MS to access the cell
c) Cell Reselect Hysteresis (HYS)
d) (Direct Access Level DAL)
Q8. When is location updates carried out?
a) Every time an MS changes its location area under one MSC.
b) Every time an MS changes between two different MSCs
c) On a periodic basis set by a timer
d) All of the above
Q9. Increasing Radio Link Time Out (RLT) from 16 to 24 will improve following KPI
a) SDCCH Completion rate
b) TCH Completion rate
c) Paging Success rate
d) All of the above
2. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak direction where the
radiation intensity drops to the 1/3 of the peak intensity.
3. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak direction where the
radiation intensity drops to the 1/4 of the peak intensity.
4. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak direction where the
radiation intensity drops to the 1/8 of the peak intensity.
1. Loop
2. Yagi
3. Dipole
4. Parabolic
Q21 Select relation between forward power and Reflected Power if load is not connected?
1. VSWR=1
2. VSWR=
3. VSWR=0
4. VSWR=1/2
Q22 What is the difference between splitter and coupler?
1. Even Distribution of Power in coupler and uneven distribution in splitter.
2. Uneven Distribution of Power in coupler and even distribution in splitter.
3. Even Distribution of Power in both.
4. Uneven Distribution of Power in both.
4. None of above
Q24. Which modulation is used for EDGE above MCS-4
1. QPSK
2. GMSK
3. 8PSK
4. PSK
Q28 Freq used in Uplink of Satellite communication is higher while in GSM it is lower. Why?
1. Loss freq.
2. Loss 1/freq.
3. Loss sqr(freq)
4. None of the above.
Q29 AMR is used to improve?
The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR or AMR-NB or GSM-AMR) audio codec is an audio
format optimized for speech coding.
1. SQI
2. Downlink quality.
3. Uplink Quality
4. None of the Above.
Q30 In Idle Mode, MS receives which system info. Messages?
a) System Info 1, 2,3.
b) System Info 1, 2, 3,4,13.
3. System Info 5, 6.
d) None of the above
Q31 The Common Control channel multiframe consists of?
1. 51 time slots.
2. 50 timeslots
3. 4 Time slots
4. 9 Time slots
compression
3. SACCH
4. FACCH
Q36 The duration of a single timeslot is?
1. 4.615 ms
2. 1250 ms
3. 0.577 ms
4. 156.25 ms
Q37 Modulation used in GSM radio interface is?
1. Phase shift keying (PSK)
2. Gaussian Minimum shift Keying (GMSK)
3. Frequency modulation.
4. 8PSK.
2. 6 dB
3. 9 dB
4. 12 dB
Q41 The maximum no of neighbors that can be defined with a cell is?
1. 8
2. 16
3. 32
4. 64
Q48 The mapping of logical name/Host name to IP addresses in the GPRS network is done
by
1. Border Gateway
2. SGSN
3. GGSN
4. DNS
Q49 Where is the mobility management context established in GPRS
1. In the MSC
2. In the SGSN
3. In the GGSN
4. All of the above
Q50 Which layer uses the functionality of Uplink State Flag (USF)?
1. RLC Layer
2. Physical Layer
3. MAC Layer
4. All of the above
Q51 How many TDMA frames are there in a PDCH multiframe?
1. 51
2. 52
3. 26
4. 8
Q52 Which coding scheme does not use Forward Error Correction (FEC)?
1. CS-1
2. CS-2
3. CS-3
4. CS-4
Q53 Which new area is defined in GPRS compared to GSM?
1. Location Area
2. Routing Area
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
Q54 Which layer is responsible for segmentation and reassembly of LLC PDUs and
backward error correction (BEC) procedures?
1. Physical Layer
2. Application Layer
3. RLC Layer
4. MAC Layer
Q55 Which coding scheme has adopted the same coding as used for SDCCH?
1. CS-1
2. CS-2
3. CS-3
4. CS-4
Q56 What is the single timeslot data rate for coding scheme CS-2
1. 7.8 Kbit/s
2. 10.4 Kbit/s
3. 13.4 Kbit/s
4. 21.4 Kbit/s
Q57. Combiner works in
a) Downlink direction
b) Uplink direction
c) In both direction
d) As a Amplifier
Q59 During conference call which channel is used to establish another call1. SACCH
2. SDCCH
3. FACCH
4. TCH
3. 14
4. 45
Q70. By reducing value of RET parameter it will help to improve which KPI?
1. TCH Drop
2. SDCCH Drop
3. HO Success
4. None of above.
Q72. What is the relation between HO Load Factor and HO Priority Level?
1. Load Factor > Priority Level
2. Load Factor >= Priority Level
3. Load factor < Priority Level
4. Load Factor <=Priority Level
Q73. Which are the basic features helps to distribute traffic in nearby cells?
1. DR
2. IDR
3. AMH
4. All of above
Q74. Using Multi BCF Common BCCH feature operator can expand how many numbers of
TRX in one segment without using another BCCH?
1. 16
2. 24
3. 30
4. 36
Q75. While Using Path loss Criterion C2 which parameter should be made 0 so that this
particular cell have higher C2 Value even though having poor C1?
1. CRO
2. TEO
3. Penalty Time
4. None of above.
Q76. Common BCCH feature is implemented in network, then which feature will help to
access the secondary freq. spectrum directly?
1. DR
2. DADB
3. DADL
4. All of above
Q79. How many maximum uplink TBF can be there per RTSL?
1. 6
2. 7
3. 8
4. 9
Q80. What should be minimum value of CDED (%) to have 1 RTSL as dedicated GPRS
Timeslot considering 2 TRX as GPRS TRX?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 8
4. 10
Q81. What does TRP Value = 3 means?
1. TCH allocation from BCCH TRX for non-amr user and from beyond BCCH TRX for
amr USER
2. TCH allocation from beyond BCCH TRX for non-amr user and from BCCH TRX for
amr USER
3. All of above
4. None of Above
Q83. Which is / are the main factors affecting the Radio Accessibility for TBF in UL/ DL?
1. Coverage
2. Capacity
3. Interference
4. All of above.
Q84. Which parameter setting can help to increase the TBF Retainability?
1. UL Power Control
2. DL Power Control
3. All of above.
4. None of above.
Q90. When 2 calls are made from different TRXs of same cell having 1*1 RF hopping; what
plays important role to neglect C/I?
1. MAL ID
2. HSN
3. MAIO Step
4. MAIO Offset
4. TMA Implementation
Q93. What is the Basic feature amongst below:
1. SAIC
2. STIRC
3. AMR Progressive Power Control
4. Freq. Hopping
Q94. Out of following channels which one is common channel?
1. AGCH
2. SACCH
3. TCH-FR
4. FACCH
Q95. Out of following channels which one is the answer to RACH?
1. SDCCH
2. AGCH
3. FACCH
4. SACCH
Q96. In Air-interface TDMA time-slot means how many Seconds?
1. 576.9us
2. 4.615ms
3. 6.12sec
4. 480ms
Q103. In L3 messages, out of following Info messages which one carries Dedicated Mode
Information?
1. System Info 2
2. System Info 4
3. System Info 5
4. System Info 13
Q104. Which one out of following is not a part of AMR Codec Modes?
1. 4.6
2. 5.9
3. 7.4
4. 12.2
Q105. Frequency Hopping
1. Eliminates the problem of fading dips
3. Log-Periodic
4. Yaagi-Uda
Q110. When we say the output power of a Transmitter is 30dBm, how many watts does it
mean?
1. 3W
2. 1W
3. 1mW
4. 30mW
Q111. Out of following which one is a passive device?
1. Repeater
2. Cross Polar Antenna
3. TMA (Tower Mount Amplifier)
4. TRX
Q112. Out of following which can not be observed during Drive-test?
1. Rx Quality
2. Location Update
3. Paging Load
4. GPRS Attach
Q113. If a cell is EDGE capable, how much Downlink Throughput can we guarantee to
customer?
1. 59.2kbps
2. 473.6kbps
3. 236.8kbps
4. can't guarantee
Q114. How many blocks of AGCH are reserved in non combined mode?
1. 1-7
2. 0-2
3. 0-7
4. None of Above.
Q115. What are the contents of authentication triplets?
1. A3,A5,A8
2. SRES,RAND,Kc
3. RAND,A3,A8
4. SRES,Kc,A8
2. MCS1-MCS6
3. MCS5-MCS9
4. MCS1-MCS9
Q125 How much traffic will be offered by a sector having 4 TRX with GOS of 2%
1. 24Erlangs
2. 21.03Erlangs
3. 23.56Erlangs
4. 22.12 Erlangs
Q126 Which ND report would you refer in order to find the discrepancy for Handovers?
1. Report 163
2. Report 166
3. Report 153
4. Report 208
Q127 On what basis would an optimizer decide whether the site serving is overshooting:
1. On the basis of TA
2. From ND report 232
3. Physically verifying whether the cell is having up tilt
4. All of the above
2. Rx Qual Sub
3. SQI
4. Rx Qual.
Q133 Drop calls due to Handovers can be caused basically due to:
1. Neighbors with Co-BSIC
2. Neighbor with Co-BCCH
3. Neighbors with Co-BCCH and Co-BSIC
4. All of the above.
Q134 Consider a cell where the no calls are happening, the probable causes would be
1. Wrong definition of LAC,CI
2. DMAX=0
3. Only A is correct
4. Both A&B are correct.
Q135 What should be the value of Rxlev Access min set:
1. -47dbm
2. -110dm
3. -65dbm
4. -85dbm
Q137 What would be the power loss after using a combiner in a sector:
1. -2db
2. -1db
3. -3db
4. -4db
3. 228
4. 226.
Q140 In a Flexi BTS 1 physical TRX would logically represent how many Trx:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. None of the above.
Q141 Booster becomes a solution in case of :
1. Capacity
2. Coverage
3. A & B Both
4. None of the above
Q142 Recommended value of ITCF is :
1. 2
2. 0
3. 1
4. 4
Q143. Which ND report gives the data for RACH rejection on cell level?
5. 134
6. 132
7. 188
8. 111.
Q144. Which ND report would you refer in order to find the discrepancy for Handovers?
5. Report 163
6. Report 166
7. Report 153
8. Report 208
Q145.On what basis would an optimizer decide whether the site serving is overshooting:
5. On the basis of TA
6. From ND report 232
7. Drive test logs
8. All of the above
Q146.Which ND report would give you the total payload for GPRS:
5. 232
6. 208
7. 228
8. 226.
Q147 What is a Command to check active alarms on bts:
1. ZERO
2. ZEQO
3. ZEOL
4. ZELO
Q148 Value of BSC Timers can be checked by command:
1. ZEFO
2. ZEDO
3. ZEHO
4. ZEGO
1. 051
2. 111
3. 216
4. 053
Q152. Which report shows percentage of HO attempts happening due to GPRS?
1. 150
2. 151
3. 153
4. 154
Q153 Which ND report gives detailed analysis of a cell?
1. 204
2. 216
3. 186
4. 226
Q154 In which ND report we can see hourly Traffic Profile for a cell?
1. 180
2. 181
3. 182
4. 186
Q155. In which ND report we can see hourly call drops due to TCH_RF_NEW_HO counter?
1. 216
2. 213
3. 163
4. 166
Q156. In which ND report we can see adjacency discrepancy between neighbor definitions?
1. 061
2. 060
3. 067
4. 073
Q157. Which are the Coverage Enhancement Features of NSN System?
1. ICE
2. Reverse ICE
3. Smart Radio Concept(SRC)
4. All of Above
Q158. Which ND Report shows Paging Success Rate per LA?
1. 213
2. 216
3. 186
4. 222
Q159. Which ND report shows EGPRS KPI?
1. 230
2. 226
3. 229
4. 228
Q163. What is the Maximum output power of Metrosite BTS in terms of Watt?
1. 5
2. 10
3. 20
4. 40
Q164. What is the maximum number of TRXs can created per BCSU in BSC 3i with version
S12?
1. 110
2. 200
3. 100
4. 220
Q166. In which ND report we can see TRHO Handovers attempt and success?
1. 153
2. 154
3. 155
4. 156
Q167. How many TRXs can be handled by 1 BB2F Card in Ultra Site BTS?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6
Q168. Which of the following BTS Type do not have combiner in-built in them?
1. Ultra Site
2. Metro Site
3. Flexi BTS
4. None of above
Q169. Which report will help to see EDAP Congestion?
1. 280
2. 281
3. 128
4. 082
Q170. In which ND report we can see paging deletion counts for cell level?
1. 180
2. 181
3. 182
4. 186
2. BSC 3i
3. Flexi BTS
4. TRX
Q180 Which of the following is not a feature of GSM network alone, but also feature of
analog mobile communication network?
1. Digital transmission of user data in air interface
2. Possibility of full international roaming in any country
3. Better speech quality
4. Fully digitized switching exchange
Q181 which of the following is parameter affecting cell sites while planning the network
1. Antenna height
2. MS power
3. BTS Power
4. None Of Above
Q182 What is E interface?
1. MSC-MSC
2. MSC-VLR
3. MSC-HLR
4. HLR-VLR
Q183 In GSM which type of handover occurs?
1. Hard
2. Soft
Q191. If an inter MSC handover occurs during a call, the decision to make
a handover is done by
a) BSC controlling the target cell
b) MSC controlling the target cell
c) BSC controlling the current cell
d) MSC controlling the current cell
Q192. Which of the following is notan advantage of the GSM network
Compared to other networks which use the same frequency band?
a) Lower Carrier to Interference Ratio for signal reception
b) Use of MAP signaling
c) Frequency reuse is more efficient than in other networks
d) Lower bit rate for voice coding
Q193. The basic principle of speech coding in a GSM Mobile Station is
a) A-Law PCM with 8 bits per sample
b)-Law PCM at 104Kbits/s
c) A-Law PCM with special filtering at 13Kbits/s
d) None of the above
Q194. Authentication verification is carried out in
a) HLR
b) MSC
c) VLR
d) Authentication Centre
Q195. No calls initiating in a cell, handover traffic is present
1. wrong neighbor defined
2. CGI creation problem
3. Same BCCH Allocated in neighbor
4. None of above
2. RF Hopping
3. Cyclic Hopping
4. All of above
Q199. Which of the following is affecting SDCCH capacity on Abis Interface?
1. TRX Signaling Size
2. No of TCH in sector
3. EDAP Pool
4. OMU Signaling
Q200. Alarm no. 2993 indicates
1. TCH Drop on Abis Interface
2. TCH Drop on Ater Interface
3. TCH Drop on Air Interface
4. TCH Drop on A Interface
What is LTE?
LTEi (Long Term Evolution) is initiated by 3GPPi to improve the mobile phone standard to cope with
future technology evolutions and needs.
What is EUTRAN?
The E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRAN) consists of eNBs, providing the E-UTRA user plane
(PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE. The eNBs
are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface. The eNBs are also connected by
means of the S1 interface to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core), more specifically to the MME (Mobility
Management Entity) by means of the S1-MME and to the Serving Gateway (S-GW) by means of the
S1-U.
S1-MME :- Reference point for the control plane protocol between E-UTRAN and MME.
S1-U:- Reference point between E-UTRAN and Serving GW for the per bearer user plane
tunnelling and inter eNodeB path switching during handover.
S3:- It enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network
mobility in idle and/or active state.
S4:- It provides related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP
Anchor function of Serving GW. In addition, if Direct Tunnel is not established, it provides
the user plane tunnelling.
S5:- It provides user plane tunnelling and tunnel management between Serving GW and
PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility and if the Serving GW
needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity.
S6a:- It enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for
authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between
MME and HSS.
Gx:- It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and
Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW.
S8:- Inter-PLMN reference point providing user and control plane between the Serving
GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. S8 is the inter PLMN variant of S5.
S9:- It provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging control information between the
Home PCRF and the Visited PCRF in order to support local breakout function.
S10:- Reference point between MMEs for MME relocation and MME to MME information
transfer.
S11:- Reference point between MME and Serving GW.
S12:- Reference point between UTRAN and Serving GW for user plane tunnelling when
Direct Tunnel is established. It is based on the Iu-u/Gn-u reference point using the GTP-U
protocol as defined between SGSN and UTRAN or respectively between SGSN and
GGSN. Usage of S12 is an operator configuration option.
S13:- It enables UE identity check procedure between MME and EIR.
SGi:- It is the reference point between the PDN GW and the packet data network. Packet
data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra
operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This reference point
corresponds to Gi for 3GPP accesses.
Rx:- The Rx reference point resides between the AF and the PCRF in the TS 23.203.
SBc:- Reference point between CBC and MME for warning message delivery and control
functions.
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What is VoLGA?
VoLGA stands for "Voice over LTE via Generic Access". The VoLGA service resembles the 3GPP
Generic Access Network (GAN). GAN provides a controller node - the GAN controller (GANC) inserted between the IP access network (i.e., the EPS) and the 3GPP core network.
The GAN provides an overlay access between the terminal and the CS core without requiring
specific enhancements or support in the network it traverses. This provides a terminal with a 'virtual'
connection to the core network already deployed by an operator. The terminal and network thus
reuse most of the existing mechanisms, deployment and operational aspects.
see VoLGA - Voice over LTE via Generic Access for more details.
The keys used for NAS and AS protection shall be dependent on the algorithm with which
they are used.
The eNB keys are cryptographically separated from the EPC keys used for NAS
protection (making it impossible to use the eNB key to figure out an EPC key).
The AS (RRC and UP) and NAS keys are derived in the EPC/UE from key material that
was generated by a NAS (EPC/UE) level AKA procedure (KASME) and identified with a
key identifier (KSIASME).
The eNB key (KeNB) is sent from the EPC to the eNB when the UE is entering ECMCONNECTED state (i.e. during RRC connection or S1 context setup).
PCRF (policy and charging rules function) provides policy control and flow based charging
control decisions.
PCEF (policy and charging enforcement function) implemented in the serving gateway,
this enforces gating and QoS for individual IP flows on the behalf of
the PCRF. It also provides usage measurement to support charging
OCS (online charging system) provides credit management and grants credit to the PCEF
based on time, traffic volume or chargeable events.
OFCS (off-line charging system) receives events from the PCEF and generates charging
data records (CDRs) for the billing system.
Self-configuring, self-optimizing wireless networks is not a new concept but as the mobile networks
are evolving towards 4G LTE networks, introduction of self configuring and self optimizing
mechanisms is needed to minimize operational efforts. A self optimizing function would increase
network performance and quality reacting to dynamic processes in the network.
This would minimize the life cycle cost of running a network by eliminating manual configuration of
equipment at the time of deployment, right through to dynamically optimizing radio network
performance during operation. Ultimately it will reduce the unit cost and retail price of wireless data
services.
See Self-configuring and self-optimizing Networks in LTE for details.
List of operators committed for LTE has been compiled by 3GAmericas from Informa Telecoms &
Media and public announcements. It includes a variety of commitment levels including intentions to
trial, deploy, migrate, etc.
For latest info visit http://ltemaps.org/
For details read LCS Architecture for LTE EPS and LTE UE positioning in E-UTRAN
To meet LTE-Advanced requirements, support of wider transmission bandwidths is required than the
20 MHz bandwidth specified in 3GPP Release 8/9. The preferred solution to this is carrier
aggregation.
It is of the most distinct features of 4G LTE-Advanced. Carrier aggregation allows expansion of
effective bandwidth delivered to a user terminal through concurrent utilization of radio resources
across multiple carriers. Multiple component carriers are aggregated to form a larger overall
transmission bandwidth.
See Carrier Aggregation for LTE-Advanced for more details.