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The Communists
the Jews (who he said were behind it all)
Give SEVEN causes of the Weimar governments problems
Communists wanted world revolution/hated the new government
Right-wing politicians hated the Versailles Treaty and wanted the Kaiser back
Officials were disloyal and hated the government
Army led by General von Seeckt was unreliable
Proportional representation prevented one party getting a majority
Occupation of the Ruhr humiliated the Gernans and led to hyperinflation
Printing money to pay strikers.
How many of the 25-points of the programme of the Nazi Party can you remember?
Unity of all German-speaking peoples
Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles
Conquer land to feed Germanys population
Only Germans (not Jews) can be citizens
Special laws for non-Germans
Only Germans can vote, be employed or hold public office
Expel foreigners to give all Germans job and a decent standard of living
Foreigners who have come to Germany since 1914 must be expelled
All citizens have equal rights and duties
The first duty of a citizen is to work
No payments to unemployed people
War-profiteers give back the money they made
Nationalisation of industries
Large companies must share their profits
Pensions must be improved
Help for small shops and businesses
Give small farmers their land
Punish criminals by death
Reform of the law to make it more German
Improve education so that all Germans can get a job
Improve peoples health by making it law for people to do sport
A new Peoples Army
German newspapers free of foreign influence
Freedom of religion
Strong central government with unrestricted power
What were the FOUR principles of Mein Kampf?
National socialism & loyalty to Germany
Racism; all races inferior to Aryans
Lebensraum; living space in Poland & Russia
Strong government - Obedience to Fuhrer & use of armed force.
Who were the thugs of the Nazi party who terrorised opponents?
Sturmabteilung - the Stormtroopers (SA)
Which FIVE groups supplied most supporters of the Nazis?
Skilled workers
Businessmen
Lower employees (eg shop assistants)
Unskilled workers
Farmers
Give FIVE causes of the Munich Putsch
Weakness of Weimar republic [ILRI]
Nazi Party growing - to 55,000 (including SA/ Ludendorff)
Stresemann called off resistance to the French invasion
Mussolini's example
The planned Bavarian rebellion was called off
Which right-wing group rebelled in Berlin in 1923?
Black Reichswehr
What three Bavarian leaders did Hitler try to get to join the Munich Putsch?
Kahr, Lossow, Seisser
List FOUR results of the Munich Putsch
Nazis defeated - Hitler arrested, imprisoned and forbidden to speak
Hitler used his trial as a propaganda exercise
Mein Kampf published
Hitler began to try to get power by being elected
Suggest FOUR reasons the Weimar republic survived
Freikorps put down Communist rebellions of 1919-20
Army put down Communist revolts of 1923
Left-wing strikers defeated the Kapp Putsch in 1920
Stresemann brought stable, prosperous government
List SIX things Stresemann achieved
Dawes Plan 1924
Controlled inflation
Got the French to leave the Ruhr
Germany joined the League of Nations
Economic growth
Reforms made life better for ordinary people
For what were the following famous: Gropius, Marlene Dietrich, Otto Dix and Erich Maria
Remarque?
Gropius - architect (founder of the Bauhaus school of art & architecture)
Marlene Dietrich - singer/ filmstar
Otto Dix - painted horrific pictures of trenches
Erich Maria Remarque - wrote All Quiet on the Western Front
What modern film was set in 1930 Berlin?
Cabaret
Explain FIVE ways Hitler reorganised the Nazi Party, 19241928.
Set a fanatical personal bodyguard, the SS
Took over other right-wing parties
Set up Hitler Youth
Josef Goebbels developed propaganda
Gained the support of wealthy businessmen
How did Hitler appeal to German businessmen?
They saw him as a safeguard against Communism
Name FOUR German firms or individuals who financed Hitler.
Fritz von Thyssen (steel)
Terror
Propaganda
Youth
Workforce
Religion
Racism
List SIX German social groups affected by the Nazi regime.
Nazi Party members
Ordinary people
Women
Youth
Opponents
'Untermensch
What could Britain and the USA not forgive Stalin for (from 1939)?
Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.
Give TWO things that Stalin wanted from the peace.
huge reparations from Germany,
a buffer of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again.
What worried Britain and the USA about Stalins plans?
that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.
When did Russia develop the atomic bomb?
1949
List NINE events leading up to the Cold War, Feb 1945 to Mar 1948.
Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)
Potsdam Conference (Jul 1945)
Salami tactics (1945-48)
Fulton Speech (Mar 1946)
Greece (Feb 1947)
Truman Doctrine (Mar 1947)
Marshall Plan (Jun 1947)
Cominform (Oct 1947)
Czechoslovakia (Mar 1948)
Give FOUR things agreed at Yalta.
divide Germany into four zones, which Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would occupy after the
war.
hold elections in the countries of eastern Europe.
set up a government in Poland which would contain both Communists and non-Communists.
set up the United Nations.
Explain TWO reasons why the Potsdam Conference was less successful than Yalta.
In March 1945, Stalin had invited the non-Communist Polish leaders to meet him, and arrested them.
America had a new president, Truman, who was determined to get tough with the Russians.
Name THREE things that the Big Three disagreed about at Potsdam.
the details of how to divide Germany.
the size of reparations Germany ought to pay.
Soviet policy in eastern Europe.
What were salami tactics?
gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit.
Was is totalitarianism?
where the government has total power over the people.
Was does the word imperialistic mean?
wanting to build and empire. Communists used it as an abuse-word to describe the western powers.
1960
1961
1962
U2 crisis
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis
What was the name for the failed invasion of Cuba in 1961. Why was it an embarrassment for Kennedy?
Bay of Pigs: although the CIA supported the invasion, it failed miserably.
What did a U2 spy-plane discover on Cuba in October 1962?
Nuclear missile bases.
What were Kennedys FIVE options, and which did he choose?
Nuclear strike
Conventional attack
Work through UN
Do nothing
Mount a naval blockade this is what he chose to do, at a meeting on 16 October 1962.
What did Khrushchev accuse America of?
Piracy, and trying to destroy humankind.
What deal was done between Kennedy and Khrushchev?
Khrushchev dismantled the Cuban bases publicly; Turkey dismantled the Turkish bases secretly.
What event during the crisis (27 Oct) almost caused a nuclear war?
An American U2 spy-plane was shot down by the Cubans.
What did the two leaders set up after the Missiles Crisis to prevent another such crisis?
A telephone hotline.
What agreement began the thaw in 1963?
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
Why was the League of Nations set up in 1919?
Because Wilson wanted it more than anything else.
What Treaty set up the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
What were the four aims of the League of Nations?
Stop Wars
Improve people's lives and jobs
Disarmament
Enforce the Treaty of Versailles
What happened when Wilson went back home to America?
The Senate refused to join the League or ratify the Treaty of Versailles
Why did the Americans not want to join the League of Nations?
Many Americans were German immigrants and hated the Treaty of Versailles
Americans did not want to get involved in European affairs because it might involve Americans dying in
a war.
Americans did not want to get involved in European affairs because it might cost money
Many Americans were anti-British and hated the British Empire (the American revolution had been to
How did Britain and France make Germany pay reparations in 1921?
Invaded the Ruhr
What did the League try to arrange at its disarmament conference?
All nations to reduce their weapons
Why did the Disarmament Conference of 1931 fail?
Hitler demanded equality with the other countries
Which country broke the Treaty of Versailles by attacking Russia in 1920?
Poland
What did the Leagues International Labour Organisation try to do?
48-hour week
Which country invaded Manchuria in 1931?
Japan
What was the economic depression of the 1930s?
Wall Street (the US Stock Market) crashed
USA called in loans
Factories closed down
People out of work/ starved
Why didnt France and Britain try to force Japan to leave Manchuria?
Did not want to go to war
Which country did Italy invade in 1935?
Abyssinia
What did Britain and France secretly agree with Italy?
to let Italy have Abyssinia
What effect did the Leagues failures in Manchuria and Abyssinia have?
Destroyed confidence in it
Many countries left
List seven reasons the League failed.
Weak
America
Structure/ organisation
Dictators
Unsuccessful
Members
'Big Bullies'
What was the ceasefire of November 1918 called?
Armistice
Reparations
Armed forces
Germany lost Territory.
Which Clause blamed Germany for the war?
Clause 231
What were reparations?
Money Germany had to pay for the damage done during the war
How much were reparations eventually set at?
6,600 million
Explain the 5 things the Treaty said about Germanys armed forces.
Germany was forbidden to have submarines
Germany was forbidden to have an air force.
Germany could have a navy of only six battleships
Germany could have an Army of just 100,000 men.
Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next
to France.
List 5 areas of land in Europe that Germany lost.
Alsace-Lorraine
Schleswig
Polish Corridor
Saar
Danzig
What is the word which means that troops were not allowed in the Rhineland?
Demilitarisation
What happened to Germanys colonies?
Given as League of Nations 'mandates' to Britain and France.
What did the Treaty say about Austria?
Anschluss with Germany was forbidden
Why did the Germans refuse to agree to Clause 231?
They did not believe it was true -- they said Russia had started the war.
What made the Germans pay reparations in January 1921?
Britain, France and Belgium invaded.
Why were the Germans angry about their tiny army?
They could not defend themselves
What did the German sailors do to the fleet?
Scuttled (sank) it.
How much of its land did Germany lose?
12%
Explain why the Germans thought the Treaty was unfair.
They had not been asked to Versailles, and few of the 14 Points got into the Treaty.
What did the Germans feel when they heard about the Treaty?
pain and anger - a German newspaper called it 'the disgraceful Treaty'
Who did the Treaty helped to rise to power.
Hitler.
What did a German newspaper promise?
We will never stop until we win back what we deserve.
List 4 things Clemenceau liked about the peace.