REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

Related Studies and Literature (Local)

Waste management is one of the problems our society is facing
and it helped our community when the City Council of Manila ordained
the Ordinance No. 7876. Ordinance No. 7876 also known as ZeroWaste Technology is a policy declared to support the existing program
of garbage disposal and other cleanliness projects of the City. It
requires all residents of, and establishment within, the City of Manila to
provide their homes and establishments with containers with which to
segregate biodegradable and non-biodegradable garbage for
composting and recycling. To insure proper implementation of this
Ordinance some departments and offices where directed to monitor
and regulate the mentioned policy; The City Legal Office, Divisions of
City School, Manila Barangay Bureau and Department of Public Service.
Together with this Ordinance are penalties for violations of any of its
provision. (Ordinance No.7876 (1994), City Council of Manila)
Plastic made our lives easier because of its manifold functions
however it cant erase the fact that plastic is non-biodegradable and
does contribute to the destruction of our environment. Therefore, City
Council of Manila mandated the establishment of the Ordinance No.
8282 also known as The ordinance of banning the use of any form of
plastic bags on dry goods and regulating its utilization on wet goods,
as well as the use of Polystyrene and similar materials as containers for
food, goods and other products, in the City of Manila. This Ordinance
was more of prohibiting business establishment to use and sell plastic
bags. The main department responsible for implementation and
monitoring of this Ordinance is the Department of Public Service (DPS).
DPS is responsible for monitoring the effectiveness of the
implementation of this Ordinance. Imposed penalties were also
included in this Ordinance for violation of any of its provisions.
(Ordinance No. 8282 (2012), City Council of Manila)
Other than Ordinances, City Council of Manila adopted Resolution
No. 19. This Resolution affirms that there is a contract entered into by
and between the City Government of Manila and IPM Construction and
Development Corporation for the collection and disposal of solid waste

from January 7 to December 31, 2014 in the amount of Php512,

563,968.00. (Resolution No. 19 (2014), City Council of Manila)

Makati is the financial center of the Philippines; it has the highest

concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country.
Many establishments need to manage their waste and solution City
Council of Makati created Ordinance No. 2003-095 or otherwise known
as Solid Waste Management Code of the City of Makati. The basic
concept of this Ordinance is that any waste in the place of purchase or
in the household should be left from where you got them and no other
person is liable to keep that waste. All stores, establishments and
households are required to have suitable trash to keep ones garbage
to be kept inside its premises and not on the sidewalk except during
scheduled collection time. (Ordinance No. 2003-95 (2003), City Council
of Makati)
Other than National Solid Waste Commission, there are other
associations which promote the welfare of the environment. One of
these is the Solid Waste Management Association of the Philippines
(SWAPP). SWAPP is a non-profit membership organization composed of
solid waste practitioners from Local Government Units (LGU), National
Government Agencies (NGA), Non-government Organizations (NGO),
and the Academe. They aim to encourage local governments,
communities, and private sector towards a clean, safe and sustainable
environment. They already offered several services, such as Technical
Assistance to solid waste management (SWM), designed and
implemented customized SWM trainings, raised awareness on SWM
policy issues, enhanced the capacity of LGUs to address local SWM
policy issues through training and information, etc. (Solid Waste
Management Association of the Philippines. About SWAAP. Retrieved
from http://www.swapp.org.ph/)

Related Studies and Literature (Foreign)

Proper disposal of garbage is a world-wide problem. United States
Congress passes an Act of Congress entitled Solid Waste Disposal of
1965. The United States Environmental Protection Agency described
the Act as the first federal effort to improve waste disposal
technology". The objective of this Act is to promote the protection of

health and the environment and to conserve valuable material and

energy resources. United States Congress declared this act as national
policy of the United States. National policy states that the generation
of hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated. Waste should be
treated, stores, or disposed to minimize threat to human being and
environment. (Solid Waste Disposal, US Code, 6902A & B)