Refrigeration

(Dr.) Mirza Salman Baig

Assistant Professor (Pharmaceutics)
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy,New Panvel
Affiliated to University of Mumbai (INDIA)

Contents
Refrigerationequipment
Concept of refrigeration load
Brine systems
Absorption systems

Applications
Air conditioning plants in comfort area and
processing areas.
Removal of heat from chemical reaction
Preservation of thermolabile compound
(protein, insuline)
Liquify processing gas
Seperation of vapour during distillation
Preferential freeze out of one component
from mixture

Refrigeration
Processes of lowering the temperature of
a substance less than its sorrounding
temperature.

Tonne of refrigeration
Rate of heat removal from
sorrounding eqivalent to heat
required for melting 1 tonne ice in
one day 14000 kJ/hr

Refrigerant
It is a liquid which absorb heat when
evaporated at low temp.
Primary refrigerant change from
liquid to gas after absorbing heat.
Ex. CFCs

Secondary system are liquid which

act as heat carrier.
Ex. brine system

Brine system
Concentrated soln of salt (calcium or
sodium chloride)
Glycol or alcohol can also be used as
brine
It can bring temp below 0O C
Adv - act as cold resirvior
Dis adv- corrosive

Properties of Secondary
Refrigerants

Non corrosive
Inexpensive
High specific heat
Good heat transfer characteristics.
Chemically stable
Low viscosity

Brine is secondary refregirant

Benefits of secondary refrigerants

(brine)
The amount of primary refrigerant used can
be minimised.
Primary Refrigerant remains in the plant
room under supervision.
Pressure losses in the vapour compression
cycle are minimised
Hazardous primary refrigerants (e.g. NH3)
can be used for applications such as air
conditioning and food refrigeration.
Less Supervisory Staff needed as
Refrigeration Plant can be switched on/off
(automatically) even if a load occurs.

Absorption system
Water is refregirant
Principle-- in high vacuum chember,
water is flashed to produce vapour.
Remaining water become cool.
Lithium bromide act as hygroscopic
salt which absorb water vapour.

Lithium bromide

Absorption evaporation cycle

Components of system
Evaporator
Absorber
Heat exchanger
Generator
Condensor

Refregiration load
Capicity to remove heat from
refregiration chamber.

Conduction losses
Product cooling time
Heat of respiration
Air changes
Fan heat.