SCATTERING ANO INTERACTION CROSS SECTIONS CROSS SECTIONS “QUANTIFY THE LIKEU HOOD THAT INCommnG PARTICLES Ws(LL Scorree. From (oe Inr€eecr usr) Some Tee6eT 0BFEcr (oe Poren7AL.) TéTAL CROSS S€eTIGNS” HAVE PimewSionS oF ARCA oo ca o~ ao df, and ‘DiFrEéeswsine cross scenes” (SR, ag, de HAVE AREA ISTHE NUMERATOR. WE WILL TACKLE THIS 6, SUBJECT THROUGH THE USE OF ExAMELES — Fesem THE BASIc. To THE NOT- SO- BASIC. HAGD- Disk SCATTERING basaeist HARD DISK _ Lassi ral + y — oe AznR? Mets ee rise open co fea ~— UniFsam Beam OF VER Sma — Peuwers, Wile TH8n DISK. WE CAN CHARACTERIZE THE INTEwSITY OF THE Beam iw TERMS OF ITS FLUX THROUGH A 1 SuarEe, 6a ‘Luminosity, &: oy = (umece of PARTICLES PASSING PoInT 2) dw (vesrr nace) (unr nme dade THER THE Rear of INTERACTIONS IS an AN) Rose © Loose = Lee ae2 WHAT IF THES SYSTEM HAD THE FoLlowinG PRopaGuisne Benavice 2 Va oF THE TIME THE PELLETS ScorteR ELasncALY , ASO Ys oF THE TIME THEY STICK TB THE DISK (inccasTI® ScATER ns). WE GOULD WeiTe THIS AS Foros: 2 © Or = Fromme © Pevasre tT wemstic 2% toy 7 F fre eee With os 2d 2 wrt eer * Bre Fom WHICH WE Can Find THE RATES Tee BHEH PROCESS : eo tee me Beaty So'o-" max BE useo to REPRESENT THE EFFECNVE AREA OF THE TRRGET Foe A GivEN TYPE oF INTERACTICN. IF we Hao If DIFCéeénsT TYPES OF InteRectIONS POSSIBLE , THEA + = S Ce cea WHERE 7; 1S THE “PeRTian cRoss SECTION” CORRESPONDING To THE “ith TYPE OF INTERECTION. WeAaT BGour KL ITSCUF , FOR A UNiFOAM BEM GF PARACLES , OL USITH THE SAME VELOCITY V, AsO UNTN Méans BENSITY p = @ PaMmMAEDE er Vouwns.) is aN dt then, AN 45: dQ= 2.0 ded do- 8 bdbde 8d 0 deeIel, Hane BPvERE - WITH THE RELATION sme BETWetN) z Pno 4s os con News io SE “oe POND SPHERE ScOrTENG: Sgt she 3B Baw’ (4 Sunt) og pee, Quod an = . TOR HARD SPHERE SCATTERING AN THE ToT Coss SteTIeW IS: = /z ad an «(2 = 7R™ heao-seHeue [de 42 «(EB Yan) - et PITS CROSS ~ SECNeWAL AEA, THiS MOKE SENSE Biscé ScanGhunic HEPPevs onty Fee bse / AND SINCE & = CoSSrOsT, THE SCOtTANG IS ISdTROPIC. RuTHER FeRO ScaTTERiIne IN CuASSicor mecuanicS (GeDSrEin, Seer ton 3-10), A CHARGE 4, OND Kwere EnEecr E Cini) 8¢O-7760s OF & STONMARY CHAkGE 4: THE TRazEcroey 1S HveERBoLIC, WITH O REvpréo To b AS Forrows, que 45 sent (8) a ° de oe at (FFE 46 — sista RurpEenroep DIFFE REnn aL CRoss SEcTion.(f] 5 PUTHER FEA... WHET IF WE INTEGROTE THS To COT THE TormL Coss séona 2 ot [ sane an (434) J Se - <0 8 WE CO SEE How THS HePRRSS ftom THE PLOT OF THE DIF Ftrsariqk Coss SECTION: ! For Waeo oeecrios, AR a (L® = ScOTTEUNG IN THE VERY L, te 2 GFE ani" S 6-6, conn@seenps Te bre. 2 t WE oncy Cau THIS “ScATTEUAG” BECAUSS THE coveme 6 76 FORCE (5 INFinn€ R6NGE Fee Prpcnicar Puarssas THE PARTICLE 18 CONTINUING ISA STRHOKT Linc, Also, SCREWING BY ATEmic REGRONS CUTS THIS OFF MUCH SoowTR In pSor RUTHERFORD Scarrenine , So THOT bmay = Ao THE Bore REMUS. GENRE BEBO de; Cérs BE Used Ts TE US THE ROTE oF ee ee Isto A suEN AS AS Follows: dN dae (Semt pacumenwss AS ARs = # as BErere.) lf WE BOVE PB DGrtcroe , FoR WiitcH WE WEN TAS TOTO. RATE , WE INTEGNOTE CUGR THE DETECTOR. eRe Beam Cg Sex SOD OWS ;fe. COLLIDERS AT CoLridine BEOM FRCILITIES , THE SOME Foemvea is us€O%s cHrcucere Evens Lares: Ay Loz, , FOR pit P2—> Owytming (E6.). BUT THE LUMInesITY CALCULATION IS DIFFERENT, Ng = NuMBER OF PRRETICES Pee BuNcH. Fg = Bunicn Feeguencr , Ag = Aten oF Beem = L= FgNt Cwonn THS THEawen Age For run.) (been = 4b = 1er?*m) * CROSS Sécrnass DEPEND ON COUPLING STRENGTHS ¢ o(G4P) ~ 56 mb — Sree covPunG,eg~d or SFP) ~ 0 Pb €m coueune aotnerte o, (wtP) ~ ab WEAK CoVELINSE yom tine ° IN BDOITO To TAL Coss SECTIONS FoR ATG Pte, THERE Bas parriAL Cress sEcneNs Foe. Ol RPECeST OuTéome (Finer Srare) Paericces, 6: etP—> eth €uasric ete wetery weunsne ( 20; = a-(e+P) e+P = e+Par? weeasne Be wh Je * CROSS SEcMaSS ARE memEdsnMm - DEPENOENT, AO THEY Cars Glow PRAmanicBuY IN THE NEloxBaRHaSD OF A _RE SSO . RESOMPNCES OccoR WHEN VIRTUAL PART ICES IN THE SCATTEQUNG PROCESS NER THEIA PuysicAL MASSES: 66. THP—e AY —& psy.PLOTS OF CROSS SECTIONS AND RELATED QUANTITIES (Cont'd) t i | alt oH wk : a tt 10" oe 10 10 10 Pree (Gevic) 12 + 40 Em (GeV) Hy) “ey | Ma 10" 0 10 ce 0 Prearn (GeV/c) nan ‘ Pee eee Eee ith tt py te mp ot Hina ed ene. este Eom (GeV) ‘Hadroni total snd elastic cre section vs. laboratory bexm momenlum Peas tnd otal center-of-mass enerty Eom Date courtesy A. '. Famini, W.G. Moorhead, D.RO. Mortton, and N. Rivoire, CERN; and COMPAS Group, IHEP, Serputhov, USSR. See ‘CERN HERA Group compilations for references.Coss SECTIONS IN Q.F.T. THE Cass s€crion ExameES Foe uMiGH WE CaccuateD OF, prs ge WERE Bu CLASSICAL — HERD ISK, HOLD SPHECE, PWO RuTHEeFcRD ScATIEAWwG, How, VERT ROUSHLY, ARE SUCH CALCULATIASS DONE IN QBAT.2 (Psa A nic REFERENCE, SEE GeISFoHS , INTRe OUcTIoR To EE meveraer PARTICES , CHAPTER c). QuawTum CQ0SS BECTIW CALCULETIONS AU ORIGINATE Fam F€amx's Goc0Gn RULE, Wicd SAYS THAT PARTICLE PECAY RATES PO SCATTERING CROSS SEcTIONS DEPEWO ON TwWs FacToRS: (1) 1M, THe bmecisv0e", 08 “marerx Eusmenr” for tHe Peocessy comrade THE ‘PHYsicS'OF THE INTERACTION, (2) THE “"PHase sPACE" 0& “DENSITY oF Fina STATES” FactsR. FoR QF.T., TMS FACTOR Must BE PUT INTO LoENTR INVARIONT Foam, THEN THE “Corotn ie“ sAvS THAT: TRANS TIO RATE = a ll? x... Prese sence) IF WE FocuS ON TWd-B60Y SCATTERING IN THE C.M. FromE, THE CovoGe RUE GIVES THE chess SECTION: 142% 3+ de= fke)* Siml* Ade \ 54 o (5 oan ( ate ) 8 Cortpa pp) Dey oat athe LIPS, Pp constanen S is A Preouer of ssonsnce Fectoes t/j}9 Fea BACH GRove SF 3 Went Fine Stave PanrnecEs.g To Cem Puere THE CAcucAnon oF WL IN QFT WE NEGO FEL mae AmeuTv0EGS FoR 14Q2—»34+4. Fo REAusna EXAMPLES IN VaLUING ELECrRomacNtnc SCONERING, WE Steud BE USING THE PHT Peofacarue. To PE SCRIBE THE WiaTUee PARTIES , AND _DIeBe SP NAS WR PESCHBE THE ExTEtOO. UwEs TER FEQMmon Seerseeinc (e7) P, -..). BUT, AS GaiFFirHsS pemostnar€s, WE can SEE WHEEE THE PNGULAR DEFEN DENCE OF 3 CamEs Frum BY Cow S10EANG A “Tor moosL”, WHEE THE scATTetING PARTICLES HEE SPiIncESS | ano Te Céntuc PRopacoraR é 1s = met + LET‘S CossiDE€R A VERY SimPut CASE oF 2- Boor Scerteninc , ATA oo Ds THE Cc. oe Faame + Ape Po — Bere THERE PRE Two —_ aos FOR THIS Process; Caw as = ¢ t+ 8 AW pa Pe Pa AFTER DEPT FEYNMbn ROLES BNO IsTECQAHING OVER. F Foncnone ¢ivine pt cows eons? we oer, 2 mM «= —_i._—.. Char Pa) *-mee* oe mere CORNESPEMOING T ME PMPLITVCES ABovE.=, LETS SiImPuFY FuaTuGe To AtA—- ASA ANO CREATE A “Pores” PRoPAGETeR BY LErNNG : Ma thtg =m And m). BOTh OF yHwESE choss SETIONS HAVE SIN Go BRIMTES, ASO OF =0O IN BOTH CHSES. HIGHER caver CROPHS , ONO RErSAMA\etAnaS , Cuvee * THIS. TP THE preva PEPoNOeNcE OF FE comes Feo 9, UsHiCH conTeWS THE INFeAmMBTeN) BBoUT PHATICLE SPiN) AnO THE ConTBUTING GRePHS.