‘US006506148B2 «» United States Patent (10 Patent No US 6,506,148 B2 Loos (45) Date of Patent: Jan. 14, 2003, (58) NERVOUS SYSTEM MANIPULATION BY 6258338 BL 52001 Loos «09 ELECTROMAGNETIC TIELDS FROM pe OTHER PUBLICATIONS. Wiener “Nonlinear problems in random theory” .71-72 (76) tnverto; Hendrie G, L005, 3019 Crest Way, John Wiley New Yor 1958 Taguna Beach, CA (US) 92681 Miluichison "Megaban” .232-3 Ballantine Books New Sout 1901 (©) Novice: Subject any scaimes, the term ofthis CA Terao and Bullock “Measurement of imposed Daten x extended or ajusedvnder 35. \ellage gradient adequate o modulate neuron rng” row USC. 1540) by 8 days Nat Aca, Sei, Physiology 12.87/94, 1956 O-Kellogg"Poundatins of Pteatal Tory. 191 Dover, (22) Appl Nos o93872,88 153, PM Mocse and IL Fsthach*Methods of There Phys (22) Fea: Jun 4, 2008 isp. 1267 McGraw-Hill Now York, 1953 ey Prior Publication Data Sree US 20020188164 Al Dee. 12, 2002 Primary Examiner—Eric F. Winakur one ‘ASIN 200; Asin sp4, AS Examiners R Veniuminoe ‘ASIM 2100 (57) ABSTRACT (2) us. 0727, 00/545 ean arseee Megas, Physiological cleats have ben observed human sbject iia, SUIS Tre i; tespone to stionlat ofthe aka wih weuk electro Image elds that are pulsed with etn eqns ne 6 References Cited ‘Altzor 24 Ta, suchas ori a sensory resonance, Many computer moafors and TV mbes, wben displaying pulsed US. PATENT DOCUMENTS inuges, emt pulsed electromagactic felis of suicicat po ae saya splits to case such excaton, I hereon posse pe ater ico eanpalas Gn Gere een ot ste peuiag Siena © then ‘ouian images daplayed ona nearby computer monitor cr TV act. Socio A + ‘aioe Mis wal ‘oitaat Torte ate, the image pulsing may be sabe in the AO A+ Saved Yams ea Sapo! progam medal or may be veld by modeling & Saas At ives Zant 38 Videosream cor asan RF sigoal or as Vide goa. The Sieaoo A * Sims Lio ta} age displayed on computer monitor may be pulsed SEM A 7998 Loos so72 effectively by a simple computer program. For certain Sa00481 A 9/1998 Loos 667/10) monitors, pulsed electromagnetic fields capable of excitin 5899922 A 5/1999 Loos. 6072 Ls tenet 1p? ne semen & 199) Lom S12 Sensory Troances a merby subjects may bo geotlod SSE054 A 4188) Low 2003 Shen as te splayed images wre pled wi sblinial osm A Gam Toe ‘ore ines soso A Ya Lowe ‘on oitoiaes A 12am Toes con 11 Claims, 9 Drawing SheetsU.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 1 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2U.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 2 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 COMPUTERU.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 3 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 LOAD FORM 50 SET SCREEN COLOR R0,G0,BO ,FLG3=0,1=0,=0], 7 —~\ a Se 68 S()=SIN( 1/8 +1*T/4),I=1+1 54 Go ¢ __-L— 1 (| SET F =0) 53 T=60000/F, TA be CHANGE AMPLITUDE?>—SET A} 5 TN=GETTICKCOUNT}-{TIMER1.INTERVAL=TT “56 SUB_TIMER{1_TIMER() 57 7 A M=GETTICKCOUNT 58 — 459 TN=TN+T, C TIMER1 OFF —————— NS at 60 M+CR— FLG1=0 ~y [FLG2=1 787 L US 6,506,148 B2U.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 5 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 INTERNET REMOTE COMPUTER yo~9 EGO) s—~_4 98 ;—{GEN |p oe {Mp [> 41 43 93. 94-4} 95, OF PRP || vpL_ >—{ pop >U.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 6 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 FIG.11 IRE LEVELU.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 7 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 { LAMP \- - £ z [MOD a5 GENERATOR ~38U.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 8 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 ) a7\ =f > \ 30 MA a A | { WA 1! GH, } / Weel FIG.15 101 ~ AX 2) i NZ ie a LA} \ 105 ~ ) | / ski} US S ———}, GENERATOR |] Ha ot i (A | 7 0ge ee 104 — 102 \ Pace (O88 >] smrrer |—y b { DVD |) ee c EGE FIG.17U.S. Patent Jan, 14, 2003 Sheet 9 of 9 US 6,506,148 B2 E=ELECTRIC FIELD PULSE AMPLITUDE R=V/SCREEN AREA/ TT IV(O)I=SCREEN VOLTAGE =| | PULSE AMPLITUDE \ AT CENTER 7 '/ ~100 (THEORY) + | ~~ Sf \ MEASURED fod COMPUTER MONITOR ea = R: 83CM, |V(0)=266.2V .O 30” TV TUBE a R=26.86CM, V(0)E310.1V my 103 0 — T T ot 0 z/R 8 ELECTRIC FIELD AT A DISTANCE z FROM CRT SCREEN ON CENTER LINE FIG.18US 6,506,148 B2 1 NERVOUS SYSTEM MANIPULATION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM ‘MONITORS, BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ‘The invention relates to the stimulation of the human nervous system by an electromagnetic Field applied exter- nally tothe body. A neurological ellect of extemal electric fields has been mentioned by Wiener (1958), ina discussion ‘of the buaching of brain waves through nonlinear inert tions, The eletric field was arranged to provide “a direct clectial driving of the brain”, Wiener describes the fled as set up by 2 10 Tiz alternating voltage of 400 V applied in a room between ceiling and ground. Brennan (1992) describes in US. Pat. No. 5,169,380 an apparatus for alleviating slisruptions in circadian rythms of 1 mammal, in whict an alternating electric field is applied across the head of the subject by two electrodes placed a short distance from the skin ‘A device involving afield electrode as well as a contact electrode is the "Graham Poteatializer” mentioned by Hutchison (1991), This relaxation deviee uses motion, light land sound as well as an allemating electric fiekd applied mainly to the head, The contact electrode is a metal hae in ‘Ohmic contact withthe bare feet of the subject, and the field clectrode isa hemispherical metal headpiece placed several inches from the subject's head, In these three electric stimulation methods the external electri fed is applied predominantly to the bead, so that flectric currents are induced in the brain in the physical manner governed by electrodynamics. Sueh currents can be largely avoided by applying the field not to the head, but rather to skin areas aWay from the head. Certain cutaneous. receptors may then be stimulated and they would provide a Signal input ito the brain along the natural pathways of iMferent nerves It has been found that, indeed, physiological effets ean be induced in this manoer by very weak electic Fields, if they are pulsed with a frequency near % Hz. The ‘bsorved effects include poss of the eyelids, relaxation, lrowziness, the feeling of pressure at centered spot on the lower edge of the brow, secing moving pulterns of dark purple and greenish yellow with the eyes closed, 3 tonic ‘smile a tense feeling inthe stomach, sudden loose stool, and sexual excitement, depending oa the precise frequency used, ‘and the skin area to Which the feld is applied, The sharp Trequency dependence suggests involvement of a resonance mectiaaism, 11 has boca found that the resonance ean be excited not ‘only by externally spplied pulsed electric fields as discussed in US. Pat. Nos. 5,782,874, $899,922, 6,081,744, and 6,167,304, but aso by pulsed magnetic fields, as described in US. Pat, Nos. 5,935,054 and 6,238,333, by weak beat pulses applied to the skin, as discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos, 5,800,481 and 6,091,994, and by subliminal acoustic pulses, as described in U.S. Pat No. 017,302. Since the resonance is excited through sensory pathways, it called 4 sensory resonance. In addition tothe resonance near #5 Hz, a sensory resonance has been found near 2.4 Hz, The later i char acterized by the slowing of certain cortical processes, as liseussed in the "481, "022, "302, "744, "944, and "304 patents ‘The excitation of sensory resonances through weak heat pulses applied tothe skin provides a clue about what isgoing, ‘on neurologically. Cutaneous temperature-sensing receptors tre known to fre spontaneously. These nerves spike some- s 2 what randomly around aa average eat that depends on ski temperature. Weak heat pulses delivered to the ski periodic fashion will therefore cause a sight frequency modulation (fm) in the spike patteras generated by the nerves, Sinee stimulation through oer sensory modalities resulls in similar physiological effects, itis believed that frequency modulation of spontaneous afferent neural spik- ing pattems oocurs thee as well. Its insirictve to apply this notion tothe stimulation by ‘weak electric field pulses administered to the skin, The ‘externally generated fields indice electric current pulses in the underlying tissue, but the curcent density is much too small for fring an otherwise quicscent nerve. However, ‘experiments with adapting stetch receptors ofthe crayfish ‘Terauolo and Bullock (1956) have observed tht very small ‘eleece fields ean slice for modulating the firing of alteady active nerves, Such a modulation may occur in the electric field stimulation under discussion Furer understandigg may be gained by considering the ‘elec charges that accumulate on the skin asa result ofthe Induced tissue currents. Ignoring. thermodynamics, one ‘would expect the accumulated polarization charges to be ‘confined sity to the outer surface ofthe skin, But charge ‘density i caused hy a slight excess in positive or negative ions, and thermal motion distebutes the ions through & thin layer. This implies thatthe externally applied electric field actully penetfates a short distance into the tissue, instead of ‘stopping abruptly atthe outer skin surface. In this manner a ‘considerable fraction of the applied field may be brought 10 hear on some culaneous nerve endings, so that a slight modulation of the type noted by Terzuolo and Bullock may indeed occur ‘The mentioned physiological elfeets are observed only ‘when the stength of the electri fiek! on the skin lies in a certain range, called the effective intesity windows, There also is bulk effect, in that weaker fields suffice when the field is applied to a larger skin area, These effects are siscussed in detail inthe "922 patent ‘Since the spontaneous spiking of the nerves is rather random and the frequency modulation induced by the pulsed field is very shallow, the signal to nose ratio (SIN) for the fim signal contained in the spike trans along the allerent nerves is so small a8 to make recovery ofthe fm signal from ‘single nerve fiber impossbile, But application of the Held ‘over a lange skin area eauses simultaneous stimulation of many cutaneous nerves, and the fm madulation is then ‘coherent from nerve 10 nerve. Therefore, if the alfeent ‘Signals are somehow summed in the brain, the fm modula tions add while the spikes from dlilerent nerves mix and interlace, In this manner the SIN can be increased by appropriate neural processing. The mater is discussed in ‘etal inthe "874 patent. Anotber increase in sensitivity is ‘due to involving a resonance mechanism, wherein consid ‘erable ncural circuit oscillations ean result from weak exci ‘An easily detectable physiological effect ofan excited Hi sensory resonance is posis of the eyelids. AS discussed in the "922 patent, the ptosis lest involves fist closing the ‘eyes about half way. Holding this eyelid postion, the eyes, fre rolled upward, while giving up voluntary control of the ‘eyelids. The eyelid position is then determined by the sate ofthe autonomic nervous system. Furthermore the pressure ‘excerted on the eyeballs by the partially elosed eyelids increases. parasympathetic activity. The eyelid position thereby becomes somewhat labile, as manifested by’a slight fluter. The labile state is sensitive to very small shifs inUS 6,506,148 B2 3 autonomic state, The plosis inuences the extent to whieh the pupil is hooded! by the eyelid, and thus how much light is admitted tothe eye, Hence, the depth of the plosis is seen by the subject, and ean be graded on a seale from (10 10, Inthe intial stages of the excitation of the 5 Hz sensory resonance, a downward drift i detected in the plosis, Frequency, defined as the stimulation frequency for which maximum plosis is obtained. This drift is believed to be ‘caused by ehanges inthe chemies) milien of the resonating neural circuits. It is thought that the resonance causes ‘perturbations of chemical eoacentrations somewhere in the brain, and that these perturbations spread by diffusion 10 nearby resonating circuits, This effect, called “chemical tuning”, can he so strong that ptosis is lost altogether ‘when the stimulation frequency i kept constant in the inti stages of the excitation, Since the stimulation then falls Somewhat out of tune, the fesonance decreases in amplitude and chemical detuning eventually diminishes, This causes the ploss requeney to shift back up, so tha the stimulation is more in une and the ptosis can develop again. As a resul, for fixed stimulation frequencies in a certain range, the posis slowly eyeles with a frequency of several minutes, The mater is discussed in the “302 patent. ‘The stimulation frequencivs a which specific physiologi cal effects occur depend somesshat on the aulonomic ner and probably on the endocrine state as Weak magnetic fies that are pulsed with a sensory resonance frequency cin induce the same physiological cfets as pulsed electric elds, Unlike the later however, the magnetic fekls penetrate biological tissue with nearly ‘undiminished strength. Eddy currents in the tissue drive clectric charges to the skin, where the charge distributions te subject to thermal smearing in much the same way as in clecric field stimulation, so that the same_physiologial ellects develop. Details ae discussed inthe “054 patent, SUMMARY Computer monotors and TV monitors can be made o emit weak loweftequeney electromagnetic fields merely by puls ing the intensity of displayed images. Experiments have shown thatthe i He sensory resonance ean be excited i manner in a subject near the monitor, The 2.4 Hz sensory resonance can also be excited in this fshion. Hence, a TV ‘monitor or computer monitor cin be used to manipulate the nervous system ot nearby people ‘The implementations of the invention ate adapted tothe source of video stream that drives the monitor, be it a ‘computer program, a TV broadcast, a videotape oF a digital video dise (DVD). Fora computer monitor, the image pulses can be prexced by a suitable computer program. The pulse fequency may ‘he controlled through Keyboard input, so that the subject ean tune to an individual sensory resonance frequency. The pulse amplitude can be controlled as well in this manner. A program written in Visual Basic(R) is particularly suitable for use on computers that run the Windows 95(R) or Windows 98(R) operaing system. The sinicture of such a rogram is deseribed, Production of periodic pulses requires fan accurate liming procedure, Such a procedure is con- sieueted from the GetTimeCount funetion available in the “Application Program Interface (API) of the Windows oper ating system, together with an extrapolation procedure that impeoves the timing accuracy. Pulse variability ean be introdueed through software, for the purpose of thwarting habituation of the nervous system s 4 to the field stimulation, or when the precise resonance frequency i not known. The variability may be a pseudo- random Variation witha a narrow interval, or it cam take the form ofa frequency or amplitude sweep in time. The pulse variability may be under eonttol of the subject. ‘The program that causes a monitor to display a pulsing image may be run on a remote computer that connected 10 the user computer by a link; the later may parly belong 10 a network, which may be the Internet For a TV monitor, the image pulsing may be inherent in the wideo stream asi flows from the video source, or else the ‘stream may be modulated such as to overlay the pulsing. Ia the fis case, alive TV broadeast can be arranged t have the feature imbedded simply by slightly pulsing the illumination ‘of the scene that is being broadcast. This method can of ‘course also be usec in making movies and! recording video tapes and DVDs. ‘Video tapes can be edited such sto ovecay the pulsing by means of modulating hardware, A simple modulator is «liscussed wherein the luminance signal of composite video is pulsed without affecting the chroma signal. The same ‘effect may be initoduced atthe consumer end, by modal ing the video stream that i produced by the video source. A DVD can be edited though software, by inteoducing pulse- like variations in the digital RGB signals. Image intensity pulses ean be overlaid onto the analog component video ‘output of DVD player by modulating the luminance signal, ‘component. Before entering the TV set, a television signal ‘can be modulated sich as to cause pulsing of the image intensity by means of a variable delay line that is connected to a pulse generator, ; Certain monitors can emit electromagnetic field pulses that excite sensory resonance in 2 neurBy subject, through image pulses that ate so weak as to be subliminal. This is unfortnate since it opens a way for mischievous application ‘of the invention, whereby people are exposed unknowingly 'o manipulation of their nervous systems fr someone else's purposes. Such application would be unethical and is of ‘course not advocated, [C8 mentioned here ia order to ale, the public to the possibility of eovert abuse that may oocue ‘while being online, or while watching TV, a video, oF a Dvb. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illuscates the electromagnet fel that emanates from a monitor when the video signal is modulated such as to cause pulses in image intensity, and a nearby subject who is exposed tothe field FIG. 2 shows a circuit for modulation of a composite ‘ideo signal for the purpose of pulsing the image intensity. FIG. 3 shows the cieuit fora simple pulse generator, FIG. 4 illustrates how a pulsed electromagnetic field can he generated with a computer monitor. FIG. § shows a pulsed electromagnetic field that is gencetied by a television set through modulation of the RE signal input to the TV. FIG, 6 oullines the sieucture of a computer program for producing a pulsed image FIG. 7 shows an extrapolation procedure introduced for Improving timing accuracy of the program of FIG. 6 FIG. 8 illustrates the action ofthe extrapolation procedure of FG. 7, FIG. 9 shows a subject exposed to a pulsed electromag netic field emanating from a monitor which is responsive 10 a program running on a remote computer via Tink that involves the Internet.US 6,506,148 B2 5 FIG, 10 shows the block diagram of circuit for fe- quency wobbling of a TV signa forthe purpose of pulsing the intensity of the image displayed on a TV monitor. FIG. 11 depicts scbematically recording medium in the form of « video tape with recorded data, and the atribute of the signal that causes the intensity ofthe displayed image 10 be pulsed, FIG. 12 ilusiates how image pulsing can be embedded in 4 Video signal by pulsing the lumination of the scene that is being recorded, FIG. 18 shows a routine that introduces pulse variability into the computer program of FIG. 6, FIG. 14 shows schematically how a CRT emits an elee- tromagnetic field when the displayed image is pulsed. FIG. 18 shows bow the intensity of the image displayed ‘00 a. monitor ean be pulsed through the brightness contol terminal of the monitor FIG. 16 ilusirates the action of the polarization dise that serves as model for grounded conductors inthe back of a ERP screen, FIG. 17 shows the cccut for overlaying image intensity pulses on 4 DVD output FIG. 18 shows measured dats for pulsed electric fields cemitled by two dierent CRT type monitors, anda compari son with theory. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Computer monitors and TV monitors emit electromag: netic fields. Part ofthe emission occurs atthe low frequet= ies at which displayed images are changing. For instance, 4 rythmic pulsing of the intensity of an image causes electromagnetic field emission atthe pulse frequency, with ‘ siength proportional lo the pulse amplitude, The feld is briefly refered to as “screen emission”, In discussing this lft, any part o ll what islsplayed on the monitor seen is called an image. A monitor of the eathode ray tube (CRT) type has three electron beams, one for eich of the basic colors red, green, andl blue. The intensity ofan image is here slefined as mye o ‘where the intogral extends over the image, and irs o {fg and jb being the electric current densities in the red, {reen, and blue electron beams atthe surface area GA ofthe image on the sereen. The curent densities are to be taken in the distributed electron beam model, where the disereteness ‘of pixels and the rast motion of the beams at ignored, and the back of the monitor sercen is thought to be irradiated by dluse electron beams. The beam current deosites age then functions of the coordinates x and y over the sereen. The model is appropriate since we are interested inthe eletro- magnetic field emision eaused by image pulsing with the very low frequencies of sensory resonances, whereas the ‘emissions with the much higher horizontal and vertical ‘sweep frequencies are of no concern. For a CRT the intensity fof an image is expressed in millamperes For a liquid crystal display (LCD), the current densities in the definition of image intensity are tobe eplaced by driving voltages, multiplied by the aperture ratio of the device, For an LCD, image intensities are thus expressed in vols. will be shown that for a CRT o¢ LCD seteen emissions ae eatsed by fluctuations in image intensity. In composite s 6 Video however, intensity as defined above is not a primary signal featur, but luminance ¥ is. For ay pixel one has ° where R, G, and B ate the intensities of the pixel vespec- tively in'red, green and blue, normalized such as to range from 0 to 1, The definition (3) was provided by the Com- mission Intemationale de PEclairage (CIE), in order to account for brighiness differences at different colors, as perceived by the human visual system. In composite video the hue of the pixel is determined by the chroma sigaal of ‘chrominaace, which has the components R-Y and B-Y Ib follows that pulsing pixel luminance while keeping the bue fixed is equivalent to pulsing the pixel intensity, up to aa amplitude factor. This fact willbe telied upon when moxlu- lating a video siceam such as to overlay image intensity pulses tums out that the sereen emission has «multipole ‘expansion wherein both monopole and dipole contributions fre proportional o the rate af change af the intensity I of (1). The higher oxder multipole contributions are proportional to the sate of change of moments ofthe current density j over the image, but sine these contributions fall of rapidly with distance, they are aot of practical importance in the present ‘context. Pulsing the intensity of an image may involve ‘ilferent pulse amplitudes, frequencies, or phases for dilfer- ‘ent parts ofthe image, Any or all ofthese features may be Under subject conte “The question arises whether the screen emission ean be ‘strong enough io exite sensory esonanees in peopl located at normal viewing distances from the monitor. This turns out to be the ease, as shown by sensory resonance experiments and independently by measuring the strength of the emitled ‘lecric field pulses and comparing the results with the ‘effective intensity window as explored in earlier work. One-half Herz sensory resonance experiments have been ‘conducted with the subjeet positioned at least at normal Viewing distance from 4 15" computer monitor tha Was riven by a computer program written in Visual Basie(R), version 6.0 (VB6). The program produces a pulsed image ‘with uaifocm luminance and hue over te Fullscreen, except for a few small control buttons and text boxes, In. VB6, screen pixel colors are determined by integers R, G, and B, that range from 0 to 255, and set the contributions to the pixel color made by the basic colors red, green, an blue. For 4 CREtype monitor, the pixel intensities forthe primar ‘colors may depend onthe RGB values ina nonlinear manner that wil be discussed. In the VB6 program the RGB values are modilated by small pulses AR, AG, AB, witha frequency that ean be chosen by the subject or i swept in a predeter- mined manner. In the sensory resonance experiments men= tioned above, the ratios ARVR, AG/G, and ABB were always ‘smaller than 0.02, so thatthe image pulses are quite weak. For certain frequencies near 14 Hz, the subject experienced physiological effects that are known to accompany the ‘excitation of the 1 Hz sensory resonance as mentioned in the Background Section. Moreover the measied field pulse amplitudes fall within the effective intesity window fr the 6 Hz resonance, as explored in earlier experiments and discussed in the "S74, "744, '922, snd "308 patents. Other ‘experiments have shown that the 2.4 Hz sensory resonance ‘ean be exited as well by Sereen emissions from monitors that display pulsed images, “These results confirm that, indeed, the nervous system of a subject can be manipulated through electromagnetic field pulses emitted by a neuby CRT or LCD monitor which displays images with pulsed intensity.US 6,506,148 B2 7 ‘The Various implemetations ofthe invention age adapted to the diferent sources of video stam, such as video tape, DVD, a computer program, or a TV broadcas through free space or eable. In all ofthese implementations, the subject is exposed to the pulsed electromagnetic field that & gea- crated by the monitor as the result of image intensity pulsing, Certain cutaneous nerves of the subject exhibit spontaneous spiking in patterns which, although rather random, contain sensory information at least inthe form of | average frequency. Some of these nerves have receptors that respond fo the feld stimulation by changing their average spiking frequency, so that the spiking. pattems of these nerves acquire a frequency modulation, which is conveyed to the brain, The modulation can be particularly effective if ithas a frequency at of neat a sensory resonance Tzequency. Such frequencies are expected to lie in the range from O.1 10 IS Hi ‘An embodiment of the invention adapted to a VCR is shown in FIG. 1, where a subject 4 is exposed to a pulsed Clecric field 3 and a pulsed magnetic field 39 that are tmitled by 8 monitor 2, labeled "MON", a8 the result of pulsing the intensity of the displayed image. The image is hete generated by a video casette recorder I, labeled "VCR", and the pulsing of the image intensity’ is obtained by modulating the composite video signal ftom the VCR out- 2 put This is done by a video modulator 8, labeled “VM”, ‘whieh responds to the signa from the pulse generator 6, labeled "GEN" The frequency and amplitude of the image pulses can be adjusted with the frequency control 7 snd Amplitude control 8. Frequeney andl amplitude adjustments cen be made by the subject, "The circuit of the video modulator § of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, whete the video amplifiers 11 and 12 provess the composite video signal tha enters a the input terminal 13, The level of the video signal is: modulated slowly by injecting a small bias current a the inverting input 17 of the first amplifier 11. This cureent is eaused by voltage pulses supplied at the modulation input 16, and ean be adjusted ‘through the potentiometer 1S. Since the noninverting input of the amplifier is grounded, the inverting input 17 is kept essentially at ground potential, so thatthe bias current is 1s not influenced by the video Signal. The inversion of the signal by the frst amplifier 11 is undone by the second ‘mpliier 12, The gains of the amplifiers are chosen such as to give @ unity overall gain. A slowly varying current injected a the inverting input 17 causes a slow sbi in the “pseudo-de” level of the composite video signal here defined as the shortterm average of the signal. Since the ppseudo-de level ofthe chroma signal section determines the Tuminance, the latter i modulated by the injected current pulses. The chroma signal is not allected by the slow ‘modulation of the pseudade level, since that signal is deter- mined by the amplitude and phase wit respect tothe color carree Which is locked to the color burs. The effect on the sync pulses and color bursts is of no consequence either if the injected eurtent pulses are very small, as they are in practice. The modulated composite vdeo signal, available at the output 14 in FIG. 2, will thus exhibit 2 modulated luminance, whereas the chroma signal is unchanged, In the Tight of the foregoing discussion about luminance and intensity it follows that the modulator of FIG. 2 causes & pulsing of the image intensity L. It emains to give an ‘example how the pulse signal at the modulation input 16 may be obtained. FIG. 3 shows a pulse generator that is suitable for this purpose, wherein the RC timer 24 (Intersil ICM7555) is hooked up for astabe operation and produces square wave voltage witha frequency that is determined by s 8 ‘capacitor 22 ad potentiometer 23. The timer 21s powered by a battery 26, controlled by the switch 27. The square wave voltage at Output 25 drives the LED 24, which may be used for monitoring ofthe pulse Irequeney, and also serves as power indicator. The pulse output may be rounded in ‘ways that are well known inthe art. In the setup of FIG. 1, the output of VCR T is connected to the video input 13 of FIG, 2, and the video output 14 is connected to the monitor 2of FIG. Inthe preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the image intensity pulsing is caused by a computer program. As ‘shown in FIG. 4, monitor, labeled "MON" is connected 10 ‘computer 31 Iabeled “COMPUTER”, which runs a progsim that produces an image on the monitor and causes the image Intensity to be pulsed. The subject 4 can provide input to the ‘computer through the keyboard 32 that i connected to the ‘computer by the connection 33, This input may involve adjustments of the frequency or the amplitude or the vari- ability of the image intensity pulses. In particular, the pulse frequency canbe st toa sensory resonance frequency of the subject for the purpose of exciting the resonance. “The structure of computer program for pulsing image imensity is shown in FIG. 6. The program may be written in Visual Basic(R) version 6.0 (VB6), which involves. the raphics interface familiar from the Wiadows(R) operating system, The images appear as forms equipped with user ‘controls such as comme buttons and serol bars, together With data displays such as text boxes. A compiled VB6 program is an executable file, When activated, the progeam ‘declares Variables and functions a be called fons a dyeamic link library (DLL) that i atached to the operating system; an initial form load is performed as well. The later com prises setting th sereen colar as specified by integers R, G, and B in the range 0 10255, as mentioned above. In FIG. 6, the initial seting ofthe sereen colors laheled as $0. Another action of the form load routine is the computation Sof the sine Function at eight equally spaced points, 60 0 7, around the unit circle, These values are nevded when modulating the RGB numbers. Unfortunately, the sine function is distorted by the rounding to integer RGB values that occurs in the ‘BG program. The image is chosen to fill as much of the seveen area as possible, and it has spatially uniform lum hance and hue. “The form appearing on the monitor displays « command button for stating and stopping the image pulsing, together with seroll bars S2 and $3 respectively for ausimeat of the pulse frequency F and the pulse amplitude A. These pulses ‘could be initiated by a sytem timer which is activated upon the elapse of a preset time interval. However timers in V6 ae too inaccurate for the purpose of providing the eight RGB adjustment points in each pulse eyele. An improve- ment ean be obtained by using the GetliekCount function tht is availabe inthe Application Program Interface (APD) ‘of Windows 95(R) and Windows 98(R). The GetTiekCouat function returns the system time that has elapsed since starting Windows, expressed in milliseconds. User activa- tion ofthe start button $4 provides a tick count TN through request 8S and sets the timer interval to TT milseeonds, in step $6. TT was previously calculated in the frequency roulne that is activated by changing the frequency, denoted as step 52. Since VB6 isan event-driven program, the flow ebart for the program falls ito disjoint pieces. Upon setting the timer interval to TT in step $6, the timer uns in the background while the program may execute subroutines such as adjst- ‘ment of pulse frequency of amplitude, Upon elapse of the timer imerval TT, the timer subroutine $7 starts executionUS 6,506,148 B2 9 ‘with request $8 for «tick count, and in §9 an upgrade is ‘computed of the time 'TN for the next point at which the RGB values are to be adjusted. In step $9 the timer is turned oll tobe reactivated later in step 67. Step 89 also resets the parameter CR which plays a role in the extrapolation pro- ‘cedure 6 and the condition 60, For ease of understanding 3 ‘his point, tis best to pretend thatthe aetion of 61 is simply to get a tick count, and to consider the loop controled by condition 60 while keeping CR equal to zer0, The loop ‘would terminate when the lick count M reaches or excoeds the time TN for the next phase point, at which time the program should adjust the image intensity through steps (63-65. For now step 62 isto be ignored aso, since it bas 10 slo with the actual extrapolation procedure 61. The incre ments to the seween colors RI, GL, and BI atthe new phase point are computed according to the sine function, applied ‘with the amplitude A that was st by the user instep 83. The number I that labels the phase point i incremented by unity in stop 65, but if this results in fa the val is reset to 7020 in 66. Finally, the timer is reactivated in step 67, iniisting Anew Hreyele step in the periodic progression of RGB adjustments, ‘A program written i this way would exhibit a lange jer in the times at which the RGB values are changed. This is due to the lumpiness in the tick counts returned by the GetTickCount function, The lumpiness may be studied separately by running a Simple loop with C=GetTickCount, followed by waiting the result C10 a fle. Inspection shows ‘that Chas jumped every 14 o¢ 15 milliseconds between long, seotehes of constant values, Since for a! Hz. image intensity modulation the Yreyele phase points are 250 ms apache lampiness of 14 or 15 ms inthe tick count would ‘cause considerable inaccuracy. The full extrapolation pro cedure 61 is intraduced ia order to diminish the jitter 10 acceptable levels. The procedure works by refining the heavy-line staircase function showa in FIG. 8, using the slope RR of recent staircase Step to accurately determine the loop count 89 at which the lop controled by 60 needs to be exited. Detsils of the extrapolation procedure are shown in FIG, 7 and illustrated in FG, 8. The procedare arts at 70 with both flags ofl, and CRA, because of the assignment in $9 or 62 in FIG. 6. A tick couat Mis obvained 17, and the remaining time MR to the next phase poiat is ‘computed in 72. Conditions 77 and 73 are not satisted and therefore passed vertically i the How chart, so that only the delay block 74 and the assignments 7§ are executed. Cos- cliton 60 of FIG. 6 is checked and found to be stistid, 50 that the extrapolation prooedure is reentered. The process is repeated until the condition 73 is met when the remaining time MR jumps dowa through the 15 ms level, shown in FIG. 8s he transition 83. The condition 73 then drces the logie flow to the assignments 76, ia which the numiver DM labeled by 83 is computed, and FLGL is set. The computa tion of DM is required for finding the slope RR-of the straight-line element 88. One also needs the “Final LM" 86, ‘whieh isthe number of Toops traversed from step 83 to the next downward step 84, here shown to cross the MRe( axis ‘The final LM is determined after repeatedly incrementing [EM through the side loop entered from the FLGI=1 condi tion 77, which is now satisted since FLGL was st ia stp 76. At ibe transition 84 the condition 78 is met, so thatthe assignments 79 are executed. This includes computation of the slope RR of the line element 85, setting FLG2, and reselling FLL. From bete 0, the extrapolation procedure increments CR in steps of RR. while skipping tick counts ‘ail condition 60 of FIG, 6 is violated, the loop iS exited, and the RGB values are adjusted s 10 A delay block 74 is used in order to sete the time required for traversing the extrapolation procedure, The black ean be any computation intensive subroutine sich as repeated calculations of tangent and are tangent functions. ‘As shown in step 86 of FIG, 6, the timer interval TT set 1 4/100 the time TA from one RGB adjustment point to the next. Since the timer runs in the background, this arange- ment provides an opportunity for execution of other pro- ‘cesses sch a8 user adjustment of frequency or amplitude of the pulses ‘The adjustment of the frequency and other pulse param- ‘ters of the image intensity modulation can be made internally, ie, within the running program, Sueh internal ‘control is to be distinguished from the external contol provided, for instanee, in screen savers. In the late, the Frequency of animation canbe moxie by the use, but only ater having exited the sereen saver program, Specialy i Windows 95(R) oF Windows 98(R), to change the animation frequency requires stopping the screen saver execution by moving the mouse, whereafler the frequency may be sdjusted through the contol panel. The requirement thatthe ‘control be intemal sels the present program apart fom sovcaled banners a8 well “The program may be run on 2 remote computer thi is linked 0 the user computer, 26 illustrated in FIG. 9. Although the monitor 2, abeled "MON", i connected to the ‘computer 31', labeled “COMPUTER”, the program that pulses the images on the monitor 2 nins on the remoter ‘computer 90, labeled “REMOTE COMPUTER”, whieh is, ‘connected to computer 31 through & Hink 91 which my in part belong to a network. The network may comprise the Internet 92. The monitor ofa television set emits an electromagnetic. field in much the same way as a computer monitor. Hence, ATV may be used to prexlce sereen emissions for the purpese of nervous system manipulation. FIG. 8 shows such an arrangement, where the pulsing of the image intensity is achieved by inducing a small slowly pulsing shit in the frequency ofthe RF signa that enters from the antenna, This process is here called “frequency wobbling” of the RE ‘Signal. In FM TY, a slight slow frequeney wobble ofthe RF Signal produces 2 pseudo-de signal level Nuetuation in the ‘composite video signal, which in turn eauses a slight inten- sity fluctuation of the image displayed om the monitor inthe ‘same manner as discussed above forthe modulator of FIG. 2. The frequency wobbling is induced by the wobbler 44 of FIG. $ labeled "REM", which is placed inthe antenna line 48. The wobbler is driven by the pulse generator 6, labeled “GEN”. The subject can adjust the frequency and the amplitude of the wobble through the tuning control and the amplitude contol 41, FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of the frequency wobbler circuit that employs a variable delay line 94, labelled “ VDL". The delay is determined by the signal fom pulse generator 6, labelled “GEN”. The frequency of the pulses can be adjusied with the tuning contol 7. The amplitude of the pulses is determined by the unit 9% labelled MD", and can be adjusted with the amplitude control 41 Optionally, the input tothe delay line may be outed through ‘8 preprocessor 93, Ielled "PRP", which may comprise & selective RF amplifier and down converter, a complimentary lp conversion should then be performed on the delay line ‘output by a postprocessor 9§, labelled "POP". The output 97 is to be connected tothe antcana terminal ofthe TV set ‘The action of the variable delay line 94 may be under- stood as follows. Let periodic pulses with period L be presented atthe input, For a fixed delay the pulses would ‘emerge atthe output with the sime period L. Actually, theUS 6,506,148 B2 ve time delay ' is varied slowly, so that it increases approxi- mately by Lait between the emergence of consecutive pulses at the deviee output, The pulse period is thus increased approximately by Atetande @ In terms of the frequency J, Eq. (4) implies approximately Aife-ende @ For sinusoidal delay 1() with amplitude b and frequency g, fone has ath bcos, © ‘which shows the fequeney wobbling, The approximation is {good for gh tively eV{eh4q, and ~eV(A'S4a5, Where the €V( terms ‘denote opposing charge densities at the end of the dense fed Tings that run between the two plates, That the part qo is rede as well will become cleat in the sequel. The charge distributions eV(yd4q and ~eV(A/4qo on the two plates have a dipole moment with the densityUS 6,506,148 B2 15 dn) =evin = SE -te1RP ow directed perpendicular to the sereen. Note that the plate Separation & bts dropped out, This means that the precise location of the polatization charges is nol critical inthe present model, and futher that 8 may be taken as small as Aesired. Taking 8 to zero, one thus arrives atthe mathemati cal model of pulsed dipoles distributed over the citeular CRT. sere, The ek dv to the char stration dy wl be ‘The elect fick induced by the disteibuted dipoles (12) ‘ean be calculated easly for points on the ceatrline of the seteon, with the result nos! apre-nip-aaim, ‘where V(0) is the pulse voltage (11) at the sexeen center, the distance to the rim of the seven, andthe distance tothe center ofthe screen. Note that V(0) pulses harmonically with Frequency J, because in (11) the sinusoidal partJ of the beam current varies in this manne. ‘The electric eld (13) due tothe dipole distribution causes ‘potential distribution V(o)2 over the sereen and! potential 0, the parts (13) and (19) contribute about equally othe electric field over a pratial range of distances 7. When going behind the monitor where 2s negative the monopole field flips sign s0 thatthe to parts nearly cancel each other, and the eeslting il is very small. Therefore, in the back of the CRT, exo dve 10 imperfections inthe theory are relatively lage. Morcover ‘Our model, which pretends thatthe polarization charwes are all fated on the polarization die, fails to aezount for the lectie field ux that escapes from the outer region ofthe back of the sereen to the earth or whatever conductors s 18 happen to be present in the vininity of the CRE. This Maw has relatively more serious consequences inthe back than in front of the monitor Screen emissions in front of a CRT can be cut dramati= ‘ally by using a grounded conductive transpatent shield that is placed over the sereen or applied a a coating. long the Tings of our model, the shield amounts toa polarization dise infront of the screen, so thatthe later is now sandwiched between to grounded dises, The sereen as the pulsed poten ‘escape. The model may be disc, by 4 fraction that serves as a free parameter. The fraction may then be determined from a fit to measured fields, by minimizing the relative standard deviation between experiment and theory Ineach of the electron beams of a CRT, the beam curcent isa nonlinear function of the driving voltage, i.e the voltage between cathode and contral grid, Since this funetion is needed inthe normalization procedure, it was measured for the 15" computer monitor that has heen used in the % Hz sensory resonance experiments and the electric field mea surements. Although the beam current density j ean be determined, i is easier to measure the luminance, by eading a Tight meter that is brought right up to the monitor sereen. ‘With the RGB values inthe VEG program taken as te same integer K, the luminance ofa uniform image is proportional to the image intensity I. The luminance of a uniform image ‘was measured for various values of K, The results wer ited with eo, Where €, i 2 constant, The best ft, with 6.18% relative standard deviation, was obiained for y=232. Sereen emissions also occur for liquid exystal displays (LCD). The pulsed electric fields may have considerable Amplitude for LCDs that have their driving electrodes on “opposite sides of the liquid erysal cell for passive matrix as ‘wellas for active matex design, such atin ilm technology (IPT), For arrangements with in-plane switching (IPS) however, the driving electades are positioned in 3 single plane so thatthe seen emission is very sal. For arrange= ‘mens other than IPS, the eleetic field is closely approx ‘mated by the fringe field of « two-plate condense, for the ‘imple ease thatthe image is uniform and extends over tbe fullscreen Fora civular LCD screen with radius R, the fled ‘onthe center Tine canbe really calelated as du to pulsed dipoles that are uniformly distributed over the screen, with the result, my ve where E42) isthe amplitude ofthe pulsed electric field at & distance’ from the sereen and V is vollage pulse amplitude, in whieh the aperture ratio of the LCD has been taken into account. Eg. (21) can be used as an approximation forsereens of any shape, by taking Rs the rads of citele With the sime area a8 the seen, The result applies fo the ‘ease that the LCD does not have a ground connection, 50 thal the top and bottom clectrods ate at opposite potential, 1, V2 and -V2. fone set of LCD electrodes is grounded, monopoles are needed to keep these electrodes a ro potential, mich as ia the case of a CRT discussed above. The LCD situation is ‘simpler however, as there is no charge injection by electron beams so that the potentials onthe tap and bottom plates of the condenser inthe model iy uniform. From (I) CEI P, eyUS 6,506,148 B2 19 iL is seen that monopoles, distributed over the disc of radius R inthe plane 2=0 such ast provide on the disc potential ‘V2, induce om the symmetry axis a potential to tvan, Diteretiaing wit eget ives hele ed onthe Symmetry ack fats ie induced by the pulsed monopoles. For an LCD with one set of electrodes grounded, the pulsed electric field for sereen voltage pulse amplitude V a a distance 7 from the seroen on the centerline has an amplitude tha is the sum of the pats 21) and (23). The resultant electric field in the back is relatively small, due to the change in sign inthe monopole field that is caused by the factor 242). Therefore, screen ‘emissions in front of an LCD can be Kept having the grounded electrodes ‘Asa check on the theory, the pulsed electric field emitted by the 3° LCD-TFT color sereen of the camcorder men- loned above has been measured at eleven poinis of the centerline ofthe screea, ranging from 4.0m to 75 em. The pulsed image was produced by playing back the video recording ofthe 15” computer monitor that was made while running the VB6 program discussed above, for a image intensity pulse frequeney of ' Hz, ReG=BeK, modulated sound K=127 with an amplitude AK=51, After normaliza lion to a uniform full screen image with 100% intensity ‘modulation by using the nonlinear relation (20), the experi ‘mental data were fited tothe theortial curve that expresses the sum of the fields (21) and (23). The effective sereen pulse voltage amplitude V was found to be 21 vot. The relative Standard deviation in V forthe fits 5.1%, which shows that theory and experiment are in fairly good agreement (Certain monitors ean cause excitation of sensory reso ances even when the pulsing of displayed images i subliminal, ie, unnoticed by the average person. When ‘checking this condition on a computer monitor, a problem aries because ofthe rounding of RGB values to ines, as ‘occur i the VBG program. For small pulse amplitude the sine wave is thereby distorted ino a squate wave, which is Cisier to spot. This problem is alleviated somewhat by ‘choosing ARO, AGHO, and AB=2, since then the 8 rounded Sine functions around whe unit eile, multiplied sith the pulse amplitude AB=2 become the sequence 1, 2112, 1, 1 73, =2, =I, ete, which is smoother to the eye than 4 square wave, Usidg the VB6 program and the 15" computer moai- tor mentioned above with R=71, G=71, and B=233, 45 Hz pulse modulation with amplitides AR=AG=0) and AB=2 could not be noticed by the subject, ad is therefore com Sidered subliminal. It is of intrest to calculate the seen emission for this case, and conduct a sensory resonance experiment as well, A distance 2=60 em was chosen for the calculation and the experiment, Using Eq, (20), the image intensity pulse modulation for the ease is found to be 1.0% ‘of the maximum intensity modulation. Using Re13:83 em together with [V(O)]=266.2 V for the 15° computer moniter, and the theoretical graph 100 of FIG. 18, the pulsed electric field at 2=60 cm was found to have an amplitude of 138 Vim. In view of the experimental results discussed in the "874 and "922 patents, such afield, used ata pulse frequency chosen appropriately forthe % Hiz sensory resonance and applied predominanily to the face, is expected to be sll ‘fen for exeiting the % Hz sensory resonance. A confirma: tion experiment was done by cunning the VIB6 program with s 20 the discussed settings and the 15" monitor. The center of the ‘subjects face was positioned on the screen center line, at 3 distance of 60 em from the screen, A frequency sweep of “011% per ten eycles was chosen, with an intial pulse frequency of 4 ppm. Full losis was experienced by the subject at 20 minutes into the run, when the pulse frequency Was f=31.76 ppm. At27 minutes into the run, the Frequency ‘sweep was reversed {0 40.1% per ten eycles, Full plosis was, ‘experience a £31.66 ppm. At 40 minutes int the run, the Frequency sweep was set 10 0.1% per fen eyeles. Full posis ‘occurred at f=3144 ppm. The small differences in ptosis frequency are attributed to chemical detuning, discussed in the Background Section, It is concluded that the b= Hz sensory esonnce was excited inthis experiment by seen ‘emissions from subliminal image pulsing on the 15" com- polee monitor ata distance of 60 em. For each implemen- tation aad embodiment discussed, the image pulsing may be subliminal. Te human eye is less sensitive o changes in hue than to ‘changes in brightness. In composite video this fact allows tsing # chrominance bandwidth that is smaller than the luminance bandwidth, Buti also has the consequence that pulsing of the ehrominance for fied luminance. allows Taeger pulse amplitudes while staying within the subliminal pulse regime. Eg. (3) shows how to pulse the chrominance ‘Components R-Y and B-Y while keeping Y fixed; for the ‘change in pixel intensity one then has Aen apiageawasncan, e9 Luminance pulses with fixed chrominance give a change in pixel inten Of course, pure chrominance pulses may be combined wih pure luminance pulses; an instanceof such combination has heen mentioned above, The subliminal region in color space needs to be explored to determine how marginally subliminal pulses AR, AG, and [AB depend on RGB values. Prior lo this, the condition for image pulses to be subliminal should not be phrased solely in terms ofthe percentage of intensity pulse amplitude. The ‘subliminal image pulsing case considered above, where tbe monitor is driven by a VB6 computer program with R=G= 71, Ba233, and AR=AG=0, AB=2 for fullscreen images will he referred to as “the standard subliminal image pulsing” Inthe interest ofthe public we need to know the viewing, distances at which a TV with subliminally pulsed images can ‘cause excitation of sensory resonances, A rough exploration is reported here which may serve as Starting point for futher work. The exploration is limited to estimating the largest distance 279, along the center line ofthe 30° TV at whieh screen emissions eat excite the 1 Hz resonance, as deter- mined by the ptosis tes. The TV is to display an image ‘which undergoes the standard subliminal pulsing as defined hove It would be best to perform this tet withthe 30" TV ‘on Which the subliminally pulsed images are produced by means ofa video, Since sich a video was nat available, the poss test was conducted insead with a pulsed electric fed Souree consisting of a small grounded daublet electrode of | the type discussed in the 'S74 patent. The doublet was driven with a sinusoidal voltage of 10 V amplitude, andthe center ‘of mase of the subject was located om the center line of the doublet at a distance 2=2/=323 em. The doublet electrodes are rectangles of 4 em by 47 em, Atte large distance 2, there is whole-body exposure tothe led, so thatthe bulk ‘effect discussed in the '874 patent comes into play, a8 is, ‘expected to happen also at the distance Zn. fom the 30” TV monitor. The subject was facing the “hot” clectrade of the ‘doublet, 50 that tthe subject center he electri eld was theUS 6,506,148 B2 2 ‘sum of the parts (21) and (23), fr postive values of z twas. ‘thought important to use a Sine wave, since that would be the enmmercally” preferred pulse shape which allows larger pulse amples without being noticed. The only realy Evailale sine wave generator withthe required voltage was fan oscillator with a rather coarse frequency control that cannot be set accurately, although the frequency is quite Sable and ean be measred accurately. For the experiment 4 pulse frequency of 0.506 Hz was accepted, although it dlillers considerably from the teady ptosis frequency for his tease, The subject experienced several ptosis eveles of mod- ‘tae intensity, starting 8 minvtes into the experiment rn. I is concluded that the 1s Iz sensory resonance was excited, and that the stimulating Held was cose to the veakest field Capable of excitation. From Eqs. (21) and (23), the electric Tield pulse amplitude at the contr of mass ofthe subject was found to be 7-9 mVim, That an electic field with such a small puse amplitude, applied tothe whole body, is eapable ‘of exciting the # Hz'sensory resonance is consistent with ‘experimental resus reported in the /S74 patent, although these were obtained for the 24 Hz resonance. Next, the distance 7 smined al which the 30° TV tube with We image intensity pulse amplitude produces an electric field with a pulse amplitude of 7.9 mVim, along the center line of the sereen. From Eqs, (13) and (19) one finds lance for viewing a 30" TV. Yel the experiment and theory discussed show thatthe Hz sensory resonance eat be excited at this lange distance, by pulsing the image intensity subliminall. Of cours, the eXciation occurs as well for a range of smaller viewing distances. It is thus apparent thatthe human nervous system can be manipulated by sereen emissions from subliminal TV image pulkes, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Visual Basic are regis tered trademarks of Miosoft Corporation. “The invention isnot limited by the embodiments shown in the drawings and described in the specification, whiel are sven by way of example and not of limitation, but only in ‘accordance with the scope ofthe appended claims. Telaim 1. A method! for manipulating the nervous system of 3 subject Iocated near a monitor, the monitor emitting an clecitomagnetie field when displaying an image by vite of, the physical display process, the subject having a sensory resonance frequency, the method comprising: ‘creating a video signal for displaying aa image om the ‘monitor, the image having an iatensily; ‘modulating the video signal for pulsing the image inten= sity witha fregueney inthe range 0.1 Hz to 15 1; aod setting the pulse frequency to the resonance frequency. 2. A computer program for manipulating the nervous system of a subject located near a monitor, the monitor cimilling an electromagnctic Held when displaying an image bby virtue ofthe physical display process the subject having, cutaneous nerves that fice spontaneously and have spiking pattems, the computer program comprising: a display routine for displaying an image on the monitor, the image having an intensity; pulse routine for pulsing the image intensity with a frequency inthe range 0.1 Hz to 15 Hz; and 4 frequency routine that ean be internally eontrolled by the subject, for seting the frequency; whereby the emilted electromagnetic field is pulsed, the cutaneous nerves are expose othe pulsed electroan netic fell, and the spiking patterns of the nerves acquire a frequency modulation, 3. The computer program of claim 2, wherein the pulsing has an amplitude and the program further comprises an ampli routine for control ofthe amplitude bythe subject. 12. em. At more than TI Tee, this isa rather large s 2 4. The computer program of clan 2, wherein the pulse roe comprises 2 timing proceduce fr timing the pulsing: and an extrapolation procedie fr improving the aceracy of he timing prover 5. The comper program of elaim 2, further comprising 4. variability routine for fnteodueing variability i the pus "G. Hardware seas for manipulating the nervous sytem ofa subject located near a monitor. the monitor being reports il Beam ab omtigo Ccona tlie Held wen displaying an image by vite ol Blysical display proce, tbe image having a inten, the Subject having cutaneous nerves that fire spontancously and Rave spiking patterns, the ardwvare meank comping Pulse generator for gvneraing voliage pulses teats responsive fo the olla pulses, for modulating, ihe video scam to puke the image intensity whereby the emitted elecomagnetic field i pulsed, the ataneas nerves are exposed tothe pulsed electromag tie Reld, and the spiking ples of the nerves equi frequeney modulation 7. The hardware means of claim 6, wherein the video stam is 4 composite video signal that bus 2 psu de level, andthe mesos for modulating the video steam ‘comprise means Tor pulsing the peeudo-de vel The hardware means of claim 6, wherein the video seam i television broadess signal, andthe means for modulating the video steam comprise means for frequency ‘wobbling ofthe television broadest sia. 9, The hardware means of claim 6, where the monitor tas brightness adjustment terminal, ad the means for ‘modulating the video steam comprise 3. connection from The Pull generator fo the brighinessacjustment erin. 19.A sours of video team for manipulatiag the ervous system of 4 subject located neae a monitor, the monitor milling an elecomagnete ld when displaying an image by vite ofthe physical display proces, he subjext having ‘taneous verve that fire spontaneously and bave spiking Palle the soure of video slam comping tears for defining an image on the ito Taving an intensity, and means forsubliminaly pulsing the image intensity with Teequency ia the range 0.1 Hz to 13 Hz ‘where the emited electromagnetic fed is pulsed the Clancots nerves are exposed wo the pubedelecromag- ie He, and the spiking palleras of the nerves squire frequency modulation 11, The sous of video steam of aim 10 wherein the soute is recording medium that has corded dat, so the ‘means fo subliminaly pulsing the image intensity comprise tm altiute ofthe recorded daa 12'The source of veo seam of chic 10 wherin the source i computer program, an the means for sublia tally pulsing the image intensity comprise pulse rou 1. "The source of vdeo steam of enim 10 wherein the source isa reeoaing of a pyc scene, and the means for Sblminslly posing the image inensiy compris: pulse geotator for senerating voltage pues, Tight source foe illuminating the scene, the light source ‘having power lve; and modulation meaas, esponsve tthe voltage pubes, for ‘sing the power level 14° "The souer of video steam of claim 10, wherein he source isa DVD, the ilo steam comprsss huminance signal an a chrominance signa, andthe meas for simi tal pulsing of the image intesily comprise means for pulsing the Mminance signa the image