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78 kW
4000 rpm
4
106.08 Cp
T0=
p0 =
293
1.02 10^5
K
N/m2
Presiunea supraalimentare
Temperatura gazelor reziduale
ps=
Tr=
1.9 10^5
900
N/m2
K
pr=
1.82 10^5
1.35
18.8
N/m2
1.8 10^5
35
N/m2
K
1.2
1.4
352 K
-temperatura de supraalimentare
TS t
pr
Tr
Pa v p p r
0.020
397.120 K
TA
Ts t r Tr
1 r
Coeficientul de umplere
vp
PA T0
P0 Ta 1 1 r
1.043
1.75
Se adopt:
n1=
1.36
Se determin
Presiunea la sfarsitul comprimarii
pB pa nl
97.303 10^5
N/m2
TB TA nl 1
1141.876 K
1 de ardere
C h O
1.4 Parametrii procesului
Lmin
0.857 kg
Se adopta:c=
0.21 12
4 32
h=
0.133 kg
o=
0.01 kg
Qi=
41868 kJ/kg
Mc=
0.01 kcal/kg
0.8
1.8
0.85
z
Compoziia motorinei
Puterea caloric inferioar
Masa molar a combustibilului
Coeficientul de utilizare a cldurii
Coeficientul de cretere a presiunii
L Lmin
0.671
M 1 Lmin M c
0.6808 kmol/kg*comb
h O
0,79L
2 12
0
L
1.156
0 r
1 r
1.153
39.869 kJ/kmolK
9.2 13.8
Cmv 20
15.5 10 4 Tz
21.910
21.910
0.0034
34.130
Qai Qi Qi Qi 610001
63218 kJ/kg
Qa i
C mv Tc C mv f T z
Lmin M c 1 r
39.350 10^-4
=
Tz2+
1926.909
Tz
25.261 Tz
81881.141
2368 K
p z pb
pz z pz
170.281 10^5
N/m2
pz z pz
144.739 10^5
N/m2
VC
TZ
VB
TB
1.3282779
r
m
Gradul de destindere va fi
VD
VC
14.153665
pi r p1
Se adopta n2=
1.21
_(=_(
Presiunea
la sfarsitul destinderii
__1p
_)/
z
pb(_0
__
n2
)=)
4.870 10^5
N/m2
pe m pl T
Tb
z
n2 1
1273.183 K
e m i
3600
Se adopta:
g e coef derotunjire a diagramei
randamentul
e Qi
mecanic
0.95
0.85
Pi ,
PB
1 S 1
1
1 n 1
n 2 1
1
n2 1
n1 1
Vh
120000 Pn
pe n l
19.840 *10^5
N/m2
Vh
120000 Pn
pe n l
D3
4 Vh
18.848 *10^5
N/m2
S D
Wm
0.453
S n
30
Vt i Vh
16.021 *10^5
N/m2
Pn
Randamentul
Vt efectiv
Pl
0.385
223.534 g/kWh
164.3634
1.06
0.3953115689
=
81 mm
76.0 mm
=
=
0.0805
Cilindreea totala
1.461 litri
Puterea litrica
53.404 kW/l
1.8 Diagrama indicata
Volumul la sfarsitul admisiei
Va Vh
0.386 dm3
Vc
Va
0.021 dm3
V
p x p a a
Vx
n1
V
p x pz c
Vx
n2
Se adopta:
unghi de avans la aprindere {20...40oRAC}
unghi de avans la deschiderea evacuarii
raportul dintre raza manivelei si lungimea bielei
xs
15 oRAC
0.262
60 RAC
b 1/3,6
1.047
0.278
S
1 cos s b 1 cos 2 s
2
4
pc 1.2 pc
73.225 mm
116.764 *10^5
N/m2
S
1 cos ev b 1 cos 2 ev
2
4
pa pa pb
3.335 *10^5
2
xev
79.140 mm
N/m2
n
n
Pe ni Pn 1 i 2 i
nn
nn
3
ni
3
nn
n
n
Pe ni Pn 1 i 2 i
nn
nn
Consumul specific
3
ni
3
nn
n
n
ce ni ci 1.2 i 0.8 i
nn
nn
2
Consumul orar
Ce ni
1
ce ni Pe ni
1000
Momentul motor
M e ni 9.55 103
Constante
c=
Pe ni
ni
0.6
3 4c
21 c
Ap
D 2
0.75
1 c
0.0045339 m2
1.5
21 c
4533.85973024 mm2
Lmec
Q
mm 3/cicl
u
520 J
Durata
injectiei
[grade
RAC]
Timpul de injectie
[ms
n [rot/min]
n [r/min]
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
Pe [kW] ce [g/kWh]
20.41
223.53
25.45
217.28
30.63
211.91
35.88
207.44
41.13
203.86
46.31
201.18
51.35
199.39
56.16
198.50
60.68
198.50
64.84
199.39
68.55
201.18
71.76
203.86
74.38
207.44
76.34
211.91
Ce [kg/h]
4.56
5.53
6.49
7.44
8.39
9.32
10.24
11.15
12.05
12.93
13.79
14.63
15.43
16.18
Me [Nm]
194.95
202.52
208.92
214.16
218.23
221.14
222.89
223.47
222.89
221.14
218.23
214.16
208.92
202.52
n [r/min]
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
3400
3600
Timp de
injectie
[ms]
3800
4000
4200
4400
77.57
78.00
77.55
0.00
217.28
223.53
230.69
330.00
16.85
17.44
17.89
18.00
194.95
186.23
176.33
0.00
3800
4000
4200
4400
D
S
9.7000 cm
8.5000 cm
Vcil
628.1340 cm3
VDegaj
16.6000 cm3
hca=
16.6000
A
x
556.6700
16.7800
V=
Vcatot
58.6907
76.7687
0.2000
1.4780
hm
Vm=
9.1822
mm
cm3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
76.7687
73.0738042
69.3788986
65.6839929
61.9890873
58.2941816
54.5992759
50.9043703
47.2094646
43.514559
9.182161
9.595884
10.05367
10.56297
11.13298
11.77524
12.50444
13.33949
14.30525
15.43503
ra de supraalimentare
Tz
10-4Tz
0.0760 m
m
rad
rad
14.775
8.860
1800
1600
1400
1200
21 c
-1.25
1000
800
600
400
Qi=
41868 kJ/kg
motorina
Presiune injectie Pinj=
Numar orif. Injectie ninj=
Diametru orificii injectie
Coeficient de debit Cd=
Q
m m3/cicl
u
200
850 kg/dm3
180000000
0.36
6
0.14 mm
0.68
Durata injectie Timp injectie Timpul de inceput de injectie
Cantit./ciclu
Q/ciclu
Durata
injectiei
[grade
RAC]
Timpul de injectie
[ms]
n [rot/min]
Tim
Tim p de
injectie
[m s]
mm3/ciclu
grade RAC
44.74
6.57
45.17
7.96
45.45
9.34
45.61
10.71
45.67
12.07
45.67
13.41
45.62
14.73
45.54
16.04
45.42
17.33
45.27
18.61
45.07
19.85
44.82
21.05
44.49
22.21
44.06
23.28
ms
1.095
1.105
1.112
1.116
1.117
1.117
1.116
1.114
1.111
1.107
1.103
1.097
1.088
1.078
kg/ciclu
0
500
n [ro t/m in ]
Lmec
J
0.000038
0.000038
0.000039
0.000039
0.000039
0.000039
0.000039
0.000039
0.000039
0.000038
0.000038
0.000038
0.000038
0.000037
1000
J
1592
1608
1617
1623
1625
1625
1624
1621
1616
1611
1604
1595
1583
1568
612
636
656
673
686
695
700
702
700
695
686
673
656
636
1500
43.49
42.73
41.76
0.00
Vh=
24.26
25.09
25.75
0.00
1.064
1.046
1.022
0.000
0.37
40.730
1.00
111.545 mm3/litru
0.000037
0.000036
0.000035
0.000000
1548
1521
1486
0
612
585
554
0
0.084
0.0055418
50.00
120
45.00
100
40.00
35.00
80
30.00
25.00
20.00
Q/ciclu
Lmec
40
15.00
10.00
60
Randa
ment
Efectiv
20
5.00
Durata injectiei
[ms]
1000
1500
Durata injectiei
[grade RAC]
2000
2500
n [ rot /m in]
Randament
Efectiv
%
38.47
39.57
40.58
41.45
42.18
42.74
43.12
43.32
43.32
43.12
42.74
42.18
41.45
40.58
38.03
38.40
38.63
38.77
38.82
38.82
38.78
38.71
38.61
38.48
38.31
38.10
37.82
37.45
16.1
16.6
16.988
17.354
17.659
17.894
18.055
18.136
18.136
18.055
17.894
17.659
17.354
16.988
3000
3500
4000
0.00
4500
0
900
1400
39.57
38.47
37.27
0.00
36.96
36.32
35.50
0.00
16.569
16.105
15.606
0.000
120
350
300
100
250
80
Pe [kW]
200
60
Ce [kg/h]
Randament
150
c e [g/kWh]
Me [Nm]
40
100
20
50
0
900
1400
1900
2400
2900
3400
3900
4400
Pe [kW]
Ce [kg/h]
Randament
c e [g/kWh]
Me [Nm]
b
S=
D=
R=
xp
RAC
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
Va=
Vc=
n1=
n2=
pA=
pC=
0.021
0.278
80.54
75.98
40.268
mm
0.000
0.196
0.780
1.747
3.083
4.772
6.793
9.122
11.732
14.591
17.666
20.924
24.329
27.844
31.434
35.064
38.700
42.309
45.861
49.328
52.685
55.909
58.980
61.881
64.597
67.118
69.435
71.539
73.427
75.094
76.540
77.763
78.763
79.539
Vp
l
0.021
0.021
0.024
0.028
0.034
0.042
0.051
0.062
0.074
0.087
0.101
0.115
0.131
0.147
0.163
0.179
0.196
0.212
0.228
0.244
0.259
0.274
0.288
0.301
0.313
0.325
0.335
0.345
0.353
0.361
0.368
0.373
0.378
0.381
0.386
###
1.36
1.2115
180000
###
p
N/m2
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
IV
[dm3]
0.386
0.385
0.384
0.381
0.378
P a-b
[Pa]
180000
180319
181283
182911
185235
P c-d
[Pa]
413944
414598
416572
419902
424651
0.373
0.368
0.361
0.353
0.345
0.335
0.325
0.313
0.301
0.288
0.274
0.259
0.244
0.228
0.212
0.196
0.179
0.163
0.147
0.131
0.115
0.101
0.087
0.074
0.062
0.051
0.042
0.034
0.028
0.024
0.021
0.021
188302
192175
196937
202689
209560
217711
227339
238689
252066
267854
286531
308709
335169
366918
405274
451975
509341
580512
669789
783143
928969
1119206
1370977
1708897
2167996
2796390
3654325
4799964
6241687
7836851
9185760
9730321
430909
438797
448468
460118
473989
490377
509649
532254
558748
589818
626319
669327
720199
780668
852965
939993
1045568
1174769
1334430
1533856
1785858
2108245
2525919
3073669
3799405
4766339
6049303
7712667
9745716
11936060
13750015
14473853
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
80.094
80.426
80.537
80.426
80.094
79.539
78.763
77.763
76.540
75.094
73.427
71.539
69.435
67.118
64.597
61.881
58.980
55.909
52.685
49.328
45.861
42.309
38.700
35.064
31.434
27.844
24.329
20.924
17.666
14.591
11.732
9.122
6.793
4.772
3.083
1.747
0.780
0.196
0.000
0.196
0.780
1.747
3.083
4.772
6.793
0.384
0.385
0.386
0.385
0.384
0.381
0.378
0.373
0.368
0.361
0.353
0.345
0.335
0.325
0.313
0.301
0.288
0.274
0.259
0.244
0.228
0.212
0.196
0.179
0.163
0.147
0.131
0.115
0.101
0.087
0.074
0.062
0.051
0.042
0.034
0.028
0.024
0.021
0.021
0.021
0.024
0.028
0.034
0.042
0.051
170000
170000
170000
180319
181283
182911
185235
188302
192175
196937
202689
209560
217711
227339
238689
252066
267854
286531
308709
335169
366918
405274
451975
509341
580512
669789
783143
928969
1119206
1370977
1708897
2167996
2796390
3654325
4799964
6241687
7836851
9185760
9730321
14473853
13750015
11936060
9745716
7712667
6049303
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.803
1.813
1.829
1.852
1.883
1.922
1.969
2.027
2.096
2.177
2.273
2.387
2.521
2.679
2.865
3.087
3.352
3.669
4.053
4.520
5.093
5.805
6.698
7.831
9.290
11.192
13.710
17.089
21.680
27.964
36.543
48.000
62.417
78.369
91.858
97.303
144.739
137.500
119.361
97.457
77.127
60.493
0.000
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
470
475
480
485
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
525
530
535
540
545
550
555
560
565
570
575
580
585
590
595
600
605
610
615
9.122
11.732
14.591
17.666
20.924
24.329
27.844
31.434
35.064
38.700
42.309
45.861
49.328
52.685
55.909
58.980
61.881
64.597
67.118
69.435
71.539
73.427
75.094
76.540
77.763
78.763
79.539
80.094
80.426
80.537
80.426
80.094
79.539
78.763
77.763
76.540
75.094
73.427
71.539
69.435
67.118
64.597
61.881
58.980
55.909
0.062
0.074
0.087
0.101
0.115
0.131
0.147
0.163
0.179
0.196
0.212
0.228
0.244
0.259
0.274
0.288
0.301
0.313
0.325
0.335
0.345
0.353
0.361
0.368
0.373
0.378
0.381
0.384
0.385
0.386
0.385
0.384
0.381
0.378
0.373
0.368
0.361
0.353
0.345
0.335
0.325
0.313
0.301
0.288
0.274
4766339
3799405
3073669
2525919
2108245
1785858
1533856
1334430
1174769
1045568
939993
852965
780668
720199
669327
626319
589818
558748
532254
509649
490377
473989
460118
448468
438797
430909
424651
419902
416572
414598
413944
398944
383944
368944
353944
338944
323944
308944
293944
278944
263944
248944
233944
170000
170000
47.663
37.994
30.737
25.259
21.082
17.859
15.339
13.344
11.748
10.456
9.400
8.530
7.807
7.202
6.693
6.263
5.898
5.587
5.323
5.096
4.904
4.740
4.601
4.485
4.388
4.309
4.247
4.199
4.166
4.146
4.139
3.989
3.839
3.689
3.539
3.389
3.239
3.089
2.939
2.789
2.639
2.489
2.339
1.700
1.700
620
625
630
635
640
645
650
655
660
665
670
675
680
685
690
695
700
705
710
715
720
52.685
49.328
45.861
42.309
38.700
35.064
31.434
27.844
24.329
20.924
17.666
14.591
11.732
9.122
6.793
4.772
3.083
1.747
0.780
0.196
0.000
0.259
0.244
0.228
0.212
0.196
0.179
0.163
0.147
0.131
0.115
0.101
0.087
0.074
0.062
0.051
0.042
0.034
0.028
0.024
0.021
0.021
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
1.700
RAC
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
N/m2
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230
235
240
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
385
390
170000
170000
170000
180319
181283
182911
185235
188302
192175
196937
202689
209560
217711
227339
238689
252066
267854
286531
308709
335169
366918
405274
451975
509341
580512
669789
783143
928969
1119206
1370977
1708897
2167996
2796390
3654325
4799964
6241687
7836851
9185760
9730321
14473853
13750015
11936060
9745716
7712667
6049303
395
400
405
410
415
420
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
470
475
480
485
490
495
500
505
510
515
520
525
530
535
540
545
550
555
560
565
570
575
580
585
590
595
600
605
610
615
4766339
3799405
3073669
2525919
2108245
1785858
1533856
1334430
1174769
1045568
939993
852965
780668
720199
669327
626319
589818
558748
532254
509649
490377
473989
460118
448468
438797
430909
424651
419902
416572
414598
413944
398944
383944
368944
353944
338944
323944
308944
293944
278944
263944
248944
233944
170000
170000
620
625
630
635
640
645
650
655
660
665
670
675
680
685
690
695
700
705
710
715
720
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
170000
Caracteristica extern
100
350
300
80
[kW]]
[kg/h]
250
60
200
[Nm]
[g/kWh]
150
40
100
20
50
0
900
1400
1900
2400
2900
n [rot/min]
3400
3900
0
4400
Pe [kW]
Ce [kg/h]
ce [g/kWh]
Me [Nm]
Cronomanograma
160.000
140.000
120.000
100.000
p[N\m2]
80.000
60.000
40.000
20.000
0.000
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
Diagrama indicat
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
p[N\m2]
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
Vp [dm3]
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
S
R
L
cursa pistonului
raza manivelei
lungimea bielei
raportul dintre raza manivelei si lung. bielei
n 418.88
30
S
R 40.3
2
R
0.278
L
max 16
Ap =
R
145.0
D2
rad/s
mm
RAC
mm
4533.860 mm2
Deplasarea pistonului
Sx = R(1 - cos +
2
sin ) = R 1 - cos + (1 - cos 2 )
2
4
D2 Sx
Vp =
4
Viteza pistonului
v = R sin + sin 2
v max
[m / s]
1
= arccos
1
1
= f( )
2 4
v max
Acceleratia pistonului:
[grd]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
[rad]
0.281
0.277
0.264
0.243
0.214
0.180
0.139
0.095
0.048
0.000
-0.048
-0.095
-0.139
-0.180
-0.214
-0.243
-0.264
-0.277
-0.281
-0.277
-0.264
-0.243
-0.214
-0.180
-0.139
-0.095
-0.048
0.000
0.048
0.095
0.139
0.180
0.214
0.243
0.264
0.277
0.281
0.277
1
= arccos
1
1
= f( )
2 4
a = R 2 ( co s + co s2 ) [m / s 2 ]
Sx [mm]
0.000
0.780
3.083
6.793
11.732
17.666
24.329
31.434
38.700
45.861
52.685
58.980
64.597
69.435
73.427
76.540
78.763
80.094
80.537
80.094
78.763
76.540
73.427
69.435
64.597
58.980
52.685
45.861
38.700
31.434
24.329
17.666
11.732
6.793
3.083
0.780
0.000
0.780
Vp [l]
0.0
35382.8
139766.3
307992.4
531905.9
800970.0
1103036.3
1425193.2
1754608.6
2079286.8
2388672.8
2674056.0
2928751.6
3148064.3
3329064.0
3470224.0
3570988.7
3631339.9
3651430.5
3631339.9
3570988.7
3470224.0
3329064.0
3148064.3
2928751.6
2674056.0
2388672.8
2079286.8
1754608.6
1425193.2
1103036.3
800970.0
531905.9
307992.4
139766.3
35382.8
0.0
35382.8
v [m/s]
0.000
3.730
7.275
10.463
13.149
15.228
16.637
17.356
17.413
16.868
15.810
14.344
12.579
10.614
8.535
6.405
4.263
2.128
0.000
-2.128
-4.263
-6.405
-8.535
-10.614
-12.579
-14.344
-15.810
-16.868
-17.413
-17.356
-16.637
-15.228
-13.149
-10.463
-7.275
-3.730
0.000
3.730
a [m/s2]
9028.124
8802.422
8142.853
7100.210
5753.286
4200.800
2551.426
913.073
-617.365
-1962.636
-3071.183
-3920.005
-4514.062
-4882.417
-5071.670
-5137.575
-5135.921
-5113.873
-5102.853
-5113.873
-5135.921
-5137.575
-5071.670
-4882.417
-4514.062
-3920.005
-3071.183
-1962.636
-617.365
913.073
2551.426
4200.800
5753.286
7100.210
8142.853
8802.422
9028.124
8802.422
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
0.264
0.243
0.214
0.180
0.139
0.095
0.048
0.000
-0.048
-0.095
-0.139
-0.180
-0.214
-0.243
-0.264
-0.277
-0.281
-0.277
-0.264
-0.243
-0.214
-0.180
-0.139
-0.095
-0.048
0.000
0.048
0.095
0.139
0.180
0.214
0.243
0.264
0.277
0.281
3.083
6.793
11.732
17.666
24.329
31.434
38.700
45.861
52.685
58.980
64.597
69.435
73.427
76.540
78.763
80.094
80.537
80.094
78.763
76.540
73.427
69.435
64.597
58.980
52.685
45.861
38.700
31.434
24.329
17.666
11.732
6.793
3.083
0.780
0.000
139766.3
307992.4
531905.9
800970.0
1103036.3
1425193.2
1754608.6
2079286.8
2388672.8
2674056.0
2928751.6
3148064.3
3329064.0
3470224.0
3570988.7
3631339.9
3651430.5
3631339.9
3570988.7
3470224.0
3329064.0
3148064.3
2928751.6
2674056.0
2388672.8
2079286.8
1754608.6
1425193.2
1103036.3
800970.0
531905.9
307992.4
139766.3
35382.8
0.0
7.275
10.463
13.149
15.228
16.637
17.356
17.413
16.868
15.810
14.344
12.579
10.614
8.535
6.405
4.263
2.128
0.000
-2.128
-4.263
-6.405
-8.535
-10.614
-12.579
-14.344
-15.810
-16.868
-17.413
-17.356
-16.637
-15.228
-13.149
-10.463
-7.275
-3.730
0.000
8142.853
7100.210
5753.286
4200.800
2551.426
913.073
-617.365
-1962.636
-3071.183
-3920.005
-4514.062
-4882.417
-5071.670
-5137.575
-5135.921
-5113.873
-5102.853
-5113.873
-5135.921
-5137.575
-5071.670
-4882.417
-4514.062
-3920.005
-3071.183
-1962.636
-617.365
913.073
2551.426
4200.800
5753.286
7100.210
8142.853
8802.422
9028.124
n=
tau
4200
0.0003968
9400.3274
9400.3274
8932.5128
8033.0727
6770.6354
5239.2018
3548.5776
1813.4058
142.05092
-1373.405
-2664.939
-3693.311
-4449.248
-4951.08
-5239.202
-5368.133
-5397.231
-5381.253
-5361.983
-5361.983
-5381.253
-5397.231
-5368.133
-5239.202
-4951.08
-4449.248
-3693.311
-2664.939
-1373.405
142.05092
1813.4058
3548.5776
5239.2018
6770.6354
8033.0727
8932.5128
9400.3274
9400.3274
0
0
0
0
0
0
8932.5128
8033.0727
6770.6354
5239.2018
3548.5776
1813.4058
142.05092
-1373.405
-2664.939
-3693.311
-4449.248
-4951.08
-5239.202
-5368.133
-5397.231
-5381.253
-5361.983
-5361.983
-5381.253
-5397.231
-5368.133
-5239.202
-4951.08
-4449.248
-3693.311
-2664.939
-1373.405
142.05092
1813.4058
3548.5776
5239.2018
6770.6354
8033.0727
8932.5128
9400.3274
Cursa pistonului
Sx [mm]
90.000
80.000
70.000
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0.000
0
60
120
180
[grd]
240
300
360
Vp [l]
0.450
0.400
0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
0
60
120
180
[grd]
240
300
360
v [m/s]
Viteza pistonului
10000.000
100.000
8000.000
80.000
6000.000
60.000
4000.000
40.000
2000.000
20.000
0.000
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
0.000
-2000.000
-20.000
-4000.000
-6000.000
[grd]
-40.000
a
[m/s2
]
Acceleratia pistonului
a [m/s2]
10000.000
8000.000
6000.000
4000.000
2000.000
0.000
0
60
120
180
-2000.000
-4000.000
-6000.000
[grd]
240
300
360
Diametrul pistonului
Cursa pistonului
Aria suprafeei capului pistonului
Raza manivelei
Turatia nominal
D=
S=
Ap=
0.076 m
0.081 m
0.0045 m2
0.0403 m
4000 rot/min
R=S/2=
n=
P0=
190000 N/m2
Pa=
180000 N/m2
Pr=
182000 N/m2
Pz=
17028062 N/m2
P't=
1984039.39 N/m2
b=
Va=
Vc=
0.278
1.36
1.21
418.879 rad/sec
0.386 litri
0.021 litri
Cilindrea total
Vt=
1.461 litri
Presiunea iniial
n1=
n2=
Numrul de cilindri
Masa bielei
Masa pistonului asamblat
Masele pieselor in micare de translaie
100 kg/m2
80 kg/m2
80 kg/m2
mj=mp+m1b
m1b=0,275*mb
m2b=0,725*mb
i=
mb=
mp=
mAC=
mj=
m1b=
m2b=
4
0.453 kg
0.363 kg
0.363 kg
0.487 kg/m2
0.125 kg/m2
0.329 kg/m2
sin( + )
cos
cos( + )
Z = B cos( + ) = F
cos
T = B sin( + ) = F
Momentul motor
M = TR = F
sin( + )
R [N m]
cos
Fora de inerie
2
F j = - m j R ( cos + cos 2 ) [N]
F = F g F j [N],
Forta centrifug de inerie
2
F cb = - m 2b R [N]
Fcb=
-2322.46 N
7
2
0
i
j=
A
C
E
D
180
C
D
A
E
360
D
E
C
A
540
E
A
D
C
720
180
Cilindrul
1
2
3
4
A-Admisie
C-Compresie
D-Destindere
E-Evacuare
j (unghiul de decalaj., in grade)
Momentul motor
M = TR = F
sin( + )
R [N m]
cos
180
M med
M
1
1 4
241.02
180
Pi
M med n
9.55 10 3
106.8
Pi
pi Vt n
120000
Pi=
[grd]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
Vx
[l]
0.0261
0.0304
0.0430
0.0635
0.0906
0.1233
0.1600
0.1991
0.2391
0.2785
0.3160
0.3507
0.3816
0.4082
0.4302
0.4473
0.4595
0.4669
0.4693
0.4669
0.4595
0.4473
0.4302
0.4082
0.3816
Pg
[N/m2]
120000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
80000
181283
185235
192175
202689
217711
238689
ax
[m/s2]
9028.1
8802.4
8142.9
7100.2
5753.3
4200.8
2551.4
913.1
-617.4
-1962.6
-3071.2
-3920.0
-4514.1
-4882.4
-5071.7
-5137.6
-5135.9
-5113.9
-5102.9
-5113.9
-5135.9
-5137.6
-5071.7
-4882.4
-4514.1
Fg
[N]
-317.4
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-498.7
-39.5
-21.6
9.9
57.5
125.6
220.7
Fj
[N]
-4400.2
-4290.2
-3968.7
-3460.6
-2804.1
-2047.4
-1243.5
-445.0
300.9
956.6
1496.9
1910.6
2200.1
2379.6
2471.9
2504.0
2503.2
2492.5
2487.1
2492.5
2503.2
2504.0
2471.9
2379.6
2200.1
F
[N]
-4717.6
-4788.9
-4467.5
-3959.3
-3302.8
-2546.2
-1742.3
-943.7
-197.8
457.8
998.1
1411.8
1701.4
1880.9
1973.2
2005.3
2004.5
1993.7
1988.4
2452.9
2481.6
2513.9
2529.4
2505.3
2420.9
108.30 [kW]
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
0.3507
0.3160
0.2785
0.2391
0.1991
0.1600
0.1233
0.0906
0.0635
0.0430
0.0304
0.0261
0.0304
0.0430
0.0635
0.0906
0.1233
0.1600
0.1991
0.2391
0.2785
0.3160
0.3507
0.3816
0.4082
0.4302
0.4473
0.4595
0.4669
0.4693
0.4669
0.4595
0.4473
0.4302
0.4082
0.3816
0.3507
0.3160
0.2785
0.2391
0.1991
0.1600
0.1233
0.0906
0.0635
267854
308709
366918
451975
580512
783143
1119206
1708897
2796390
4799964
7836851
9730321
13750015
9745716
6049303
3799405
2525919
1785858
1334430
1045568
852965
720199
626319
558748
509649
473989
448468
430909
419902
414598
398944
368944
125000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
182000
-3920.0
-3071.2
-1962.6
-617.4
913.1
2551.4
4200.8
5753.3
7100.2
8142.9
8802.4
9028.1
8802.4
8142.9
7100.2
5753.3
4200.8
2551.4
913.1
-617.4
-1962.6
-3071.2
-3920.0
-4514.1
-4882.4
-5071.7
-5137.6
-5135.9
-5113.9
-5102.9
-5113.9
-5135.9
-5137.6
-5071.7
-4882.4
-4514.1
-3920.0
-3071.2
-1962.6
-617.4
913.1
2551.4
4200.8
5753.3
7100.2
353.0
538.2
802.1
1187.8
1770.5
2689.2
4212.9
6886.5
11817.0
20900.9
34669.8
43254.5
61479.2
43324.3
26565.3
16364.5
10590.7
7235.4
5188.7
3879.0
3005.8
2403.8
1978.2
1671.9
1449.2
1287.6
1171.9
1092.2
1042.3
1018.3
947.3
811.3
-294.7
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
-36.3
1910.6
1496.9
956.6
300.9
-445.0
-1243.5
-2047.4
-2804.1
-3460.6
-3968.7
-4290.2
-4400.2
-4290.2
-3968.7
-3460.6
-2804.1
-2047.4
-1243.5
-445.0
300.9
956.6
1496.9
1910.6
2200.1
2379.6
2471.9
2504.0
2503.2
2492.5
2487.1
2492.5
2503.2
2504.0
2471.9
2379.6
2200.1
1910.6
1496.9
956.6
300.9
-445.0
-1243.5
-2047.4
-2804.1
-3460.6
2263.5
2035.1
1758.7
1488.7
1325.5
1445.7
2165.5
4082.4
8356.4
16932.2
30379.5
38854.3
57189.0
39355.5
23104.7
13560.4
8543.3
5991.9
4743.7
4179.9
3962.4
3900.7
3888.8
3872.0
3828.9
3759.4
3675.9
3595.4
3534.8
3505.4
3439.8
3314.5
2209.3
2435.6
2343.4
2163.8
1874.3
1460.6
920.3
264.6
-481.3
-1279.8
-2083.7
-2840.4
-3496.8
700
710
720
Max
Min
RAC
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
0.0430
0.0304
0.0261
0.4693
0.0261
182000
182000
170000
13750015
80000
8142.9
8802.4
9028.1
9028.1
-5137.6
-36.3
-36.3
-90.7
61479.2
-498.7
-3968.7
-4290.2
-4400.2
2504.0
-4400.2
-4005.0
-4326.5
-4490.9
57189.0
-4788.9
[rad]
0.000
0.048
0.095
0.139
0.180
0.214
0.243
0.264
0.277
0.281
0.277
0.264
0.243
0.214
0.180
0.139
0.095
0.048
0.000
-0.048
-0.095
-0.139
-0.180
-0.214
-0.243
-0.264
-0.277
-0.281
-0.277
-0.264
N
[N]
0.00
-231.27
-426.36
-555.28
-599.36
-554.50
-431.80
-255.19
-56.26
132.39
283.88
381.76
421.67
409.62
358.07
281.24
191.30
96.28
0.00
-118.46
-236.84
-352.56
-459.01
-545.59
-599.99
-612.06
-578.79
-508.54
-423.38
-358.42
B
[N]
-4717.59
-4794.52
-4487.77
-3998.04
-3356.76
-2605.83
-1794.98
-977.64
-205.67
476.60
1037.72
1462.55
1752.86
1925.00
2005.38
2024.90
2013.58
1996.05
1988.35
2455.79
2492.87
2538.47
2570.72
2564.00
2494.10
2344.84
2115.78
1830.74
1547.69
1373.11
T
[N]
0.00
-836.54
-1541.91
-2007.44
-2165.73
-2002.44
-1558.29
-920.21
-202.72
476.59
1021.07
1372.03
1514.29
1470.00
1284.22
1008.18
685.54
344.95
0.00
-424.41
-848.72
-1263.88
-1646.25
-1957.96
-2154.65
-2199.71
-2081.84
-1830.72
-1525.46
-1292.45
Z
[N]
-4717.59
-4720.97
-4214.57
-3457.54
-2564.65
-1667.51
-890.89
-330.13
-34.73
-2.34
-185.14
-506.55
-882.86
-1242.88
-1540.24
-1756.07
-1893.29
-1966.02
-1988.35
-2418.84
-2343.94
-2201.46
-1974.45
-1655.45
-1256.20
-812.13
-377.47
-8.99
261.38
463.68
M
[Nm]
0.00
-33.69
-62.09
-80.84
-87.21
-80.64
-62.75
-37.06
-8.16
19.19
41.12
55.25
60.98
59.19
51.71
40.60
27.61
13.89
0.00
-17.09
-34.18
-50.89
-66.29
-78.84
-86.76
-88.58
-83.83
-73.72
-61.43
-52.04
Rm
[N]
7040.05
7092.94
6716.41
6118.67
5345.49
4464.26
3571.26
2807.68
2365.90
2373.15
2707.52
3144.16
3545.02
3856.49
4070.59
4201.29
4271.12
4302.33
4310.81
4760.25
4742.96
4697.15
4601.48
4433.66
4177.23
3829.41
3409.35
2964.32
2564.19
2263.96
Unghi Rm
[Rad]
0
0.118
0.232
0.334
0.417
0.465
0.452
0.334
0.086
-0.202
-0.387
-0.452
-0.441
-0.391
-0.321
-0.242
-0.161
-0.080
0.000
0.089
0.180
0.272
0.366
0.457
0.542
0.612
0.657
0.666
0.637
0.608
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
Max
Min
-0.243
-358.30
1489.43 -1293.03
739.24
-0.214
-471.59
2216.22 -1703.04
1418.19
-0.180
-740.82
4149.05 -2676.90
3169.98
-0.139 -1171.97
8438.22 -4236.87
7297.43
-0.095 -1615.96 17009.12 -5844.00 15973.67
-0.048 -1467.08 30414.94 -5306.72 29948.41
0.000
0.00 38854.26
0.00 38854.26
0.048
2761.76 57255.64
9989.82 56377.40
0.095
3755.98 39534.36 13583.22 37127.64
0.139
3240.39 23330.81 11714.51 20176.65
0.180
2460.79 13781.91
8891.88 10529.75
0.214
1860.54
8743.54
6718.93
5595.14
0.243
1485.03
6173.14
5359.14
3063.87
0.264
1282.69
4914.02
4625.37
1659.39
0.277
1188.80
4345.69
4283.27
733.91
0.281
1145.75
4124.69
4124.64
-20.26
0.277
1109.39
4055.40
3990.34
-723.52
0.264
1051.53
4028.44
3779.10
-1395.24
0.243
959.63
3989.11
3446.18
-2009.18
0.214
833.85
3918.63
2992.40
-2530.06
0.180
682.22
3820.85
2446.81
-2934.62
0.139
515.53
3711.84
1848.09
-3219.05
0.095
343.14
3611.78
1229.66
-3396.01
0.048
170.70
3538.91
611.59
-3485.67
0.000
0.00
3505.38
0.00
-3505.38
-0.048
-166.11
3443.78
-595.15
-3391.97
-0.095
-316.33
3329.57
-1133.58
-3130.65
-0.139
-309.85
2230.92
-1110.76
-1934.74
-0.180
-441.99
2475.39 -1585.20
-1901.23
-0.214
-510.33
2398.30 -1831.42
-1548.46
-0.243
-536.29
2229.30 -1925.89
-1122.83
-0.264
-506.81
1941.61 -1821.44
-672.47
-0.277
-415.40
1518.52 -1494.15
-270.92
-0.281
-266.11
958.00
-957.99
-4.71
-0.277
-75.26
275.12
-271.17
46.46
-0.264
130.14
-498.58
469.29
-168.36
-0.243
317.19
-1318.53
1144.67
-654.42
-0.214
453.78
-2132.54
1638.74
-1364.65
-0.180
515.44
-2886.75
1862.49
-2205.56
-0.139
490.43
-3531.06
1772.96
-3053.69
-0.095
382.23
-4023.21
1382.30
-3778.29
-0.048
208.93
-4331.52
755.75
-4265.08
0.000
0.00
-4490.89
0.00
-4490.89
0.281 3755.985 57255.640 13583.221 56377.405
-0.281 -1615.962 -4794.517 -5843.998 -4720.975
-52.07
-68.58
-107.79
-170.61
-235.33
-213.69
0.00
402.27
546.98
471.73
358.06
270.56
215.80
186.26
172.48
166.09
160.68
152.18
138.77
120.50
98.53
74.42
49.52
24.63
0.00
-23.97
-45.65
-44.73
-63.83
-73.75
-77.55
-73.35
-60.17
-38.58
-10.92
18.90
46.09
65.99
75.00
71.39
55.66
30.43
0.00
546.975
-235.329
2044.14
1928.22
2807.86
6534.63
14849.50
28131.03
36531.80
54970.30
37361.80
21354.20
12100.62
7473.58
5410.18
4672.65
4568.35
4743.52
5020.04
5301.22
5535.28
5701.00
5798.60
5841.56
5849.19
5840.24
5827.84
5745.34
5569.69
4399.72
4511.37
4282.30
3947.03
3505.32
2993.01
2516.63
2292.09
2534.65
3189.37
4034.87
4896.10
5660.95
6255.39
6630.75
6813.35
54970.297
1928.223
0.685
1.083
-1.264
-0.705
-0.404
-0.190
0.000
0.183
0.372
0.581
0.825
1.118
1.433
-1.428
-1.216
-1.054
-0.919
-0.794
-0.672
-0.553
-0.436
-0.322
-0.212
-0.105
0.000
0.104
0.205
0.255
0.359
0.442
0.510
0.546
0.523
0.391
0.119
-0.186
-0.367
-0.418
-0.390
-0.319
-0.223
-0.114
0.000
1.433
-1.428
[grd]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
T1
[N]
0.000
-836.535
-1541.908
-2007.437
-2165.730
-2002.437
-1558.286
-920.213
-202.718
476.595
1021.074
1372.028
1514.290
1469.996
1284.215
1008.184
685.542
344.955
0.000
-424.406
-848.720
-1263.884
-1646.249
-1957.956
Z1
[N]
-4717.59
-4720.97
-4214.57
-3457.54
-2564.65
-1667.51
-890.89
-330.13
-34.73
-2.34
-185.14
-506.55
-882.86
-1242.88
-1540.24
-1756.07
-1893.29
-1966.02
-1988.35
-2418.84
-2343.94
-2201.46
-1974.45
-1655.45
T2
[N]
0.00
-424.41
-848.72
-1263.88
-1646.25
-1957.96
-2154.65
-2199.71
-2081.84
-1830.72
-1525.46
-1292.45
-1293.03
-1703.04
-2676.90
-4236.87
-5844.00
-5306.72
0.00
9989.82
13583.22
11714.51
8891.88
6718.93
Z2
[N]
-1988.35
-2418.84
-2343.94
-2201.46
-1974.45
-1655.45
-1256.20
-812.13
-377.47
-8.99
261.38
463.68
739.24
1418.19
3169.98
7297.43
15973.67
29948.41
38854.26
56377.40
37127.64
20176.65
10529.75
5595.14
T'
[N]
0.00
-412.13
-693.19
-743.55
-519.48
-44.48
596.36
1279.50
1879.12
2307.31
2546.53
2664.48
2807.32
3173.04
3961.12
5245.05
6529.54
5651.68
0.00
-10414.23
-14431.94
-12978.39
-10538.13
-8676.89
Z'
[N]
-2729.23
-2302.14
-1870.63
-1256.08
-590.20
-12.07
365.31
482.00
342.74
6.65
-446.52
-970.23
-1622.10
-2661.07
-4710.22
-9053.50
-17866.95
-31914.43
-40842.62
-58796.24
-39471.58
-22378.10
-12504.20
-7250.58
Rp
[N]
2729.23
2338.74
1994.93
1459.66
786.26
46.09
699.35
1367.27
1910.12
2307.32
2585.38
2835.63
3242.26
4141.19
6154.40
10463.10
19022.69
32410.99
40842.62
59711.42
42027.21
25869.25
16352.59
11307.49
Unghi Rp
[Rad]
0.000
1.394
1.216
1.036
0.849
0.265
0.550
0.360
0.180
0.003
-0.174
-0.349
-0.524
-0.698
-0.872
-1.046
-1.220
-1.396
-1.571
1.395
1.220
1.045
0.871
0.696
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
-2154.646
-2199.709
-2081.837
-1830.718
-1525.459
-1292.449
-1293.028
-1703.040
-2676.900
-4236.868
-5843.998
-5306.724
0.000
9989.822
13583.221
11714.509
8891.877
6718.931
5359.136
4625.368
4283.266
4124.636
3990.340
3779.105
3446.179
2992.396
2446.809
1848.095
1229.665
611.591
0.000
-595.150
-1133.581
-1110.760
-1585.200
-1831.419
-1925.890
-1821.439
-1494.153
-957.988
-271.169
469.291
1144.666
1638.738
1862.489
-1256.20
-812.13
-377.47
-8.99
261.38
463.68
739.24
1418.19
3169.98
7297.43
15973.67
29948.41
38854.26
56377.40
37127.64
20176.65
10529.75
5595.14
3063.87
1659.39
733.91
-20.26
-723.52
-1395.24
-2009.18
-2530.06
-2934.62
-3219.05
-3396.01
-3485.67
-3505.38
-3391.97
-3130.65
-1934.74
-1901.23
-1548.46
-1122.83
-672.47
-270.92
-4.71
46.46
-168.36
-654.42
-1364.65
-2205.56
5359.14
4625.37
4283.27
4124.64
3990.34
3779.10
3446.18
2992.40
2446.81
1848.09
1229.66
611.59
0.00
-595.15
-1133.58
-1110.76
-1585.20
-1831.42
-1925.89
-1821.44
-1494.15
-957.99
-271.17
469.29
1144.67
1638.74
1862.49
1772.96
1382.30
755.75
0.00
-836.54
-1541.91
-2007.44
-2165.73
-2002.44
-1558.29
-920.21
-202.72
476.59
1021.07
1372.03
1514.29
1470.00
1284.22
3063.87
1659.39
733.91
-20.26
-723.52
-1395.24
-2009.18
-2530.06
-2934.62
-3219.05
-3396.01
-3485.67
-3505.38
-3391.97
-3130.65
-1934.74
-1901.23
-1548.46
-1122.83
-672.47
-270.92
-4.71
46.46
-168.36
-654.42
-1364.65
-2205.56
-3053.69
-3778.29
-4265.08
-4490.89
-4720.97
-4214.57
-3457.54
-2564.65
-1667.51
-890.89
-330.13
-34.73
-2.34
-185.14
-506.55
-882.86
-1242.88
-1540.24
-7513.78
-6825.08
-6365.10
-5955.35
-5515.80
-5071.55
-4739.21
-4695.44
-5123.71
-6084.96
-7073.66
-5918.31
0.00
10584.97
14716.80
12825.27
10477.08
8550.35
7285.03
6446.81
5777.42
5082.62
4261.51
3309.81
2301.51
1353.66
584.32
75.13
-152.63
-144.16
0.00
241.39
408.33
896.68
580.53
171.02
-367.60
-901.23
-1291.44
-1434.58
-1292.24
-902.74
-369.62
168.74
578.27
-4320.07
-2471.52
-1111.39
11.27
984.90
1858.92
2748.42
3948.26
6104.60
10516.48
19369.68
33434.08
42359.64
59769.37
40258.29
22111.39
12430.98
7143.60
4186.70
2331.87
1004.83
-15.56
-769.98
-1226.88
-1354.77
-1165.42
-729.06
-165.36
382.28
779.42
985.52
1329.01
1083.91
1522.79
663.42
119.05
-231.94
-342.34
-236.18
-2.36
231.60
338.19
228.44
-121.77
-665.31
8667.18
7258.80
6461.40
5955.36
5603.04
5401.50
5478.49
6134.80
7969.85
12150.02
20620.89
33953.85
42359.64
60699.42
42863.90
25561.71
16257.26
11141.79
8402.39
6855.58
5864.15
5082.65
4330.51
3529.89
2670.65
1786.22
2300.00
181.63
411.63
792.64
985.52
1350.75
1158.27
1767.18
881.56
208.38
434.66
964.06
1312.85
1434.59
1312.83
964.00
434.52
208.09
881.50
0.522
0.347
0.173
-0.002
-0.177
-0.351
-0.526
-0.699
-0.873
-1.046
-1.221
-1.396
-1.571
1.396
1.220
1.045
0.870
0.696
0.522
0.347
0.172
-0.003
-0.179
-0.355
-0.532
-0.711
-0.900
-1.144
-1.191
-1.388
-1.571
1.391
1.211
1.039
0.852
0.608
0.563
0.363
0.181
0.002
-0.177
-0.358
-0.554
-0.625
-0.855
690
700
710
720
Max
Min
1772.964 -3053.69
1008.18 -1756.07
764.78 -1297.61
1382.296 -3778.29
685.54 -1893.29
696.75 -1885.01
755.754 -4265.08
344.95 -1966.02
410.80 -2299.07
0.000 -4490.89
0.00 -1988.35
0.00 -2502.54
13583.221 56377.405 13583.221 56377.405 14716.802 59769.371
-5843.998 -4720.975 -5843.998 -4720.975 -14431.941 -58796.242
1506.22
2009.66
2335.48
2502.54
60699.418
46.089
-1.038
-1.217
-1.394
-1.571
1.396
-1.571
Rm mediu
[N]
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
28449.26
Rp mediu
[N]
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
30372.754
Fg, Fj, F
70000.0
60000.0
50000.0
40000.0
[N]
30000.0
20000.0
F
g
F
j
10000.0
0.0
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-10000.0
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
Variaia forelor N i B
70000.00
60000.00
50000.00
40000.00
[N]
N
B
30000.00
20000.00
10000.00
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-10000.00
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
50000.00
40000.00
30000.00
[N]
T [N]
Z [N]
20000.00
10000.00
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-10000.00
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
Momentul motor
600.00
500.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
[Nm]
M [Nm]
100.00
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-100.00
-200.00
-300.00
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
60000.00
40000.00
20000.00
[N]
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-20000.00
-40000.00
-60000.00
-80000.00
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
T' [N]
Z' [N]
-10000.00
-10000.00
-5000.00
0.00
0.00
10000.00
20000.00
30000.00
40000.00
50000.00
60000.00
Z2 [N]
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
T2[N]
Z' [N]
-60000.00
-40000.00
-20000.00
-20000.00
-15000.00
-10000.00
-5000.00
0.00
0.00
20000.00
40000.00
60000.00
80000.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
T' [N]
Rm [N]
60000.00
50000.00
40000.00
Rm [N]
Rm mediu
30000.00
20000.00
10000.00
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
RAC
Rp [N]
70000.00
60000.00
50000.00
40000.00
Rp [N]
Rp mediu
30000.00
20000.00
10000.00
0.00
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
RAC
66
67
68
69
70
73 1
71 72
100000.00
65
10
64
11
63
12
62
13
61
14
0.00
60
15
59
16
58
17
57
18
19
Rm [N]
55
20
Unghi Rm [Rad]
54
21
56
-100000.00
53
22
52
23
51
24
50
25
49
26
48
27
47
28
46
29
45
44
43
42
41 40
34
39 38 37 36 35
33
32
31
30
Diagrama de uzura
66
67
68
69
70
73 1
71 72
2.000
65
64
63
62
10
11
12
13
61
14
0.000
60
15
59
16
58
17
57
18
56
19
-2.000
55
20
54
21
53
22
52
23
51
24
50
25
49
48
47
26
27
28
46
45
44
43
42
41 40
34
39 38 37 36 35
33
32
31
30
29
Unghi Rp [Rad]
Unghi Rm [Rad]
180
[ RAC ]
i
A
C
E
D
C
D
A
E
180
D
E
C
A
360
E
A
D
C
540
720
M 01 M
M 1 T (0 )
S
2
M 2 T (540
S
2
M 1 2 M 2 M 01
M 3 T (180
S
2
M 13 M 3 M 1 2
M 4 T (360
S
2
M 1 4 M 4 M 13
Momentul total al motorului
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
M1
M2
0.000
-33.686
-62.090
-80.836
-87.211
-80.635
-62.750
-37.056
-8.163
19.192
41.117
55.249
60.978
59.194
51.713
40.598
27.606
13.891
0.000
-17.090
-34.177
-50.895
-66.292
0.0
-17.1
-34.2
-50.9
-66.3
-78.8
-86.8
-88.6
-83.8
-73.7
-61.4
-52.0
-52.1
-68.6
-107.8
-170.6
-235.3
-213.7
0.0
402.3
547.0
471.7
358.1
M3
0.000
-24.0
-45.6
-44.7
-63.8
-73.7
-77.6
-73.3
-60.2
-38.6
-10.9
18.9
46.1
66.0
75.0
71.4
55.7
30.4
0.0
-33.7
-62.1
-80.8
-87.2
M4
0.0
402.3
547.0
471.7
358.1
270.6
215.8
186.3
172.5
166.1
160.7
152.2
138.8
120.5
98.5
74.4
49.5
24.6
0.0
-24.0
-45.6
-44.7
-63.8
Mt
0.0
327.5
405.1
295.3
140.7
37.3
-11.3
-12.7
20.3
73.0
129.5
174.3
193.8
177.1
117.4
15.8
-102.5
-144.7
0.0
327.5
405.1
295.3
140.7
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
-78.844
-86.764
-88.579
-83.832
-73.720
-61.428
-52.045
-52.068
-68.579
-107.795
-170.612
-235.329
-213.694
0.000
402.275
546.975
471.725
358.062
270.561
215.804
186.256
172.480
166.093
160.685
152.179
138.772
120.499
98.529
74.420
49.517
24.628
0.000
-23.966
-45.648
-44.729
-63.834
-73.748
-77.553
-73.347
-60.167
-38.577
-10.920
18.898
46.094
65.989
270.6
215.8
186.3
172.5
166.1
160.7
152.2
138.8
120.5
98.5
74.4
49.5
24.6
0.0
-24.0
-45.6
-44.7
-63.8
-73.7
-77.6
-73.3
-60.2
-38.6
-10.9
18.9
46.1
66.0
75.0
71.4
55.7
30.4
0.0
-33.7
-62.1
-80.8
-87.2
-80.6
-62.7
-37.1
-8.2
19.2
41.1
55.2
61.0
59.2
-80.6
-62.7
-37.1
-8.2
19.2
41.1
55.2
61.0
59.2
51.7
40.6
27.6
13.9
0.0
-17.1
-34.2
-50.9
-66.3
-78.8
-86.8
-88.6
-83.8
-73.7
-61.4
-52.0
-52.1
-68.6
-107.8
-170.6
-235.3
-213.7
0.0
402.3
547.0
471.7
358.1
270.6
215.8
186.3
172.5
166.1
160.7
152.2
138.8
120.5
-73.7
-77.6
-73.3
-60.2
-38.6
-10.9
18.9
46.1
66.0
75.0
71.4
55.7
30.4
0.0
-33.7
-62.1
-80.8
-87.2
-80.6
-62.7
-37.1
-8.2
19.2
41.1
55.2
61.0
59.2
51.7
40.6
27.6
13.9
0.0
-17.1
-34.2
-50.9
-66.3
-78.8
-86.8
-88.6
-83.8
-73.7
-61.4
-52.0
-52.1
-68.6
37.3
-11.3
-12.7
20.3
73.0
129.5
174.3
193.8
177.1
117.4
15.8
-102.5
-144.7
0.0
327.5
405.1
295.3
140.7
37.3
-11.3
-12.7
20.3
73.0
129.5
174.3
193.8
177.1
117.4
15.8
-102.5
-144.7
0.0
327.5
405.1
295.3
140.7
37.3
-11.3
-12.7
20.3
73.0
129.5
174.3
193.8
177.1
680
690
700
710
720
Max
Min
75.000
51.7
98.5
-107.8
117.4
71.395
40.6
74.4
-170.6
15.8
55.663
27.6
49.5
-235.3
-102.5
30.433
13.9
24.6
-213.7
-144.7
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
546.975 546.975 546.975 546.975 405.061
-235.329 -235.329 -235.329 -235.329 -144.742
Momentul policilindric
500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
[Nm]
Mt
100.0
0.0
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
-100.0
-200.0
RAC
420
480
540
600
660
720
CALCULUL ORGANOLOGIC
1.Blocul motor i chiulasa
Blocul de cilindrii preia eforturile de explozie i forele de inerie ale
mecanismului biel manivel. Condiia esenial pe care trebuie s o aib un
bloc este aceea de a asigura o rigiditate maxim.
Blocul de cilindri se realizeaz prin turnare. n ce privete construcia se
recomand ca el s fie realizat sub forma unui corp cu zbrele. Acestea vor fi
constituite din nervurile piesei turnate, iar pereii vor fi att de subiri ct
permite tehnologia de fabricare.
n partea superioar a blocului se fixeaz uruburile pentru prinderea
chiulasei. Diametrul lor variaz n limitele F=(8-10) mm, iar adncimea de
nurubare este de (1.5-2)F cnd blocul este din font.
Dac eforturile ce trebuie preluate sunt mai mari, atunci se mrete
numrul de prezoane nu i diametrul lor.
n jurul cmilor se va cuta s se fac seciuni pe ct posibil mai mici
pentru trecerea apei, cu scopul de a mri viteza de curgere. Aceasta nu
trebuie s depeasc ns 3.5 m/s pentru c exist pericolul antrenrii
depozitelor inevitabile ce pot astupa canalele. Pentru a avea dimensiuni
minime penru carter se descrie nfurtoarea conturului bielei la o rotaie
complet apoi se traseaz seciunea carterului astfel ca locurile cele mai
strmte dintre perete i corpul bielei s fie de minim (8-10) mm din cauza
barbotajului i a corpurilor strine.
Din motive de rigiditate grosimea pereilor va fi de (4.5-5) mm pentru
blocurile turnate din font.
Un indice de apreciere a calitii blocului motor este greutatea acestuia,
se recomand ca greutatea blocului s nu depeasc 25% din greutatea
motorului.
Compactitatea motorului este determinat n principal de distana ntre
axele cilindrilor; aceasta este determinat de arhitectura arborelui cotit, de
lungimea fusurilor maneton i palier, de tipul i grosimea cmilor de
cilindru, de mrimea interstiiului camerei de ap dintre cilindri.
Blocurile de cilindri se confecioneaz din Font cenuie Fc 200; Fc210;
Fc240; Fc250; Fc280 STAS568-75 Dac blocul nu are cmile amovibile el
se toarn din font de calitate pentru cilindri.
Chiulasa se toarn frecvent din aliaje de aluminiu. Un astfel de aliaj se
compune din 5% Si; 1.3% Cu; 0.5% Mg; restul aluminiu.
Chiulasele se toarn din aluminiu i nu se recomand turnarea sub
presiune.
Capacele lagrelor arborelui cotit se toarn din oel pentru motoarele
mai puin solicitate i se forjeaz la motoarele mai intens solicitate.
Prezoanele se execut din oeluri aliate, de mbuntire, cu crom ori
nichel.
p=
4 [N/mm2]
D2=
2 [mm]
79.98 [mm]
D3=
89.98 [mm]
4
4
D2 D2 D2
2 3 3
4
4
p E
0.0722 [mm]
r 0[ N / mm 2 ]
-82.03 [N/mm2]
t=
-78.03 [N/mm2]
R22 t
t 2 p 2
R 2 R 21
-la exteriorul cmii:
r p[ N / mm 2 ]
R 2 2 R 21
t p 2
R 2 R 21
t p
R 3R 2
R 23 R 2 2
r p[ N / mm 2 ]
R 23 R 2 2
R 23 R 2 2
t p
r 0[ N / mm 2 ]
R 22
R 23 R 21
-la exteriorul cilindrului din bloc:
t 2 p
t=
27.88 [N/mm2]
tmax=
2.23 [N/mm2]
t r p R3
max
2
2
2
R3 R2
pmax=pg=
13.750 MPa
r p g [ N / mm 2 ]
t=
R 2 2 R 21
t pg 2
R 2 R1
268.23 *105[N/mm2]
p 1 3
r
t pg
R2
R1
R2
R 2 R2
1
3
R 2 2 R3 2
R 2 R 2
1
3
t=
77.40 *105[N/mm2]
t=
68.33 *105[N/mm2]
r 0
t 2 pg
R1
R3 R1
=0,16*D
g=
jr=(0.31.8)
1=2a+jr
a=
di
ral
29.1 [mm]
di
i Pmax
97.519 Mpa
' ' D
Dp
0.190 [mm]
D 1 fonta Tc T0 '
=
1 Al Tp T0
75.762 [mm]
- coeficient de dilatare:
6 1
fonta 10.7 10
K
6 1
Al 17.5 10
K
= 0.0000107 Tc=390K
Tp=370K
= 0.0000175 To=288K
temperatura cilindrului:
temperatura capului pistonului:
temperatura mediului ambiant
(motor rece):
re 0.1875 Pg max
pentru aluminiu.
d
1
=
re
1
2030
13.33 Mpa
Mpa
R r
M i 2,28
p gmax p
i
hc
Wz
28.51 Mpa
R r
Mi
2,28 p gmax p
i
hc
Wz
unde:
Rp r
2
R p r h2c
Wz
Rp
2 2
d D 2 1.3 t
t=
3 mm
-la forfecare
68.18 mm
0,76 p g Rp2 r 2
R r
2
p
ech 2i 4 2
0,76 p
10.18 Mpa
[3]
16.02 Mpa
[2]
613.94 Mpa
pme=
Hk=
32.4 mm
-distana de la fundul pistonului la generatoarea alezajului bolului
Hfs=
6.48 mm
-distana dintre planul care delimiteaz zona port-segment i
generatoarea alezajului pentru bol [mm].
d1
10
2
d 0.02135
pme
l
MPa
d2
10
d 0.00513
pme
l'
MPa
Dp
Dp
63.55 mm
62.58 mm
D 2p
=
4 AA
15.94 Mpa
AA A ( D 2 t 2 Di2p) =
4
3809.29 mm2
c p gmax
[3]
Aev 2
Dp
2
= 12180.8367 mm2
L- lungimea mantalei
psm
Nmax
Dp L Aev
0.45 Mpa
d3
10
2
d 0.00722
pme
l1
MPa
Dp
66.46 mm
l'1=
d4
37.23 mm
10
2
d 0.02135
pme
l'1
MPa
Dp
68.18 mm
t=
3.45 [mm]
b=
5.08 [mm]
p
1
Dp
K gmax
2
100
a
constanta k=0,08
sa = 5,56,5 [daN/mm2]
19.5 *10-6[1/K]
t
ja 0.075 D p T
b
ja=
0.38 [mm]
ja=
0.133 [mm]
ja=
0.22 [mm]
ja 0.028
t
D p 470
b
t
ja 0.046 D p 470
b
t=D/2030
Dimensiuni constructive:
- diametrul exterior:
de=(0.340.38)D=
26.6 mm
- diametrul interior:
di=(0.60.75)de=
16.3 mm
- lungimea bolului:
l=(0.80.87)D=
60.8 mm
- lungimea de contact cu piciorul bielei:
lb=(0.270.32)D=
21.3 mm
-jocul dintre capul bielei i bosajele pistonului:
b=lb+2j
j=
3 [mm]
b=
Verificarea la uzur:
=
418.9 m/s
27.27 [mm]
mp=
-masa pistonului
0.363 kg
-raportul dintre raza manivelei i lungimea bielei: 1
Fg
D2
Pmax 10 6=
4
F j m p r 2 1 103
3.8
0.263
6.072 daN
0.000 daN
D2
F
Pm ax 10 6 m p r 2 1 10 3
4
6.072 daN
Pb
F
10 6 Pb=
d lb
1073.31 *105[N/m2]
Pp
F
10 6 Pp=
2 d lp
2lp=(1.11.3)*lb
766.65 *105[N/m2]
F l 0.5 l b 4 j
di
1,2 d 1
de
3
i=
2610.89 *105[N/m2]
Calculul la oboseal:
Pad=
0.8 Mpa
n cazul bolului fix n biela ciclul de solicitare variaz dup un
ciclu asimetric.
D2
-forele maxime i minime ale pistoanelor sunt: F
Pad 10 6
g min
= 0.00362525 *104[N]
amax
0.00 [m/s2]
amin
0.00 [m/s2]
i max Fmax
i min Fmin
l 2 b 1.5lb
d
1.2 d 3 1 i
de
l 2 b 1.5l b
imax=
2.81 *108[N/m2]
imin=
0.00000 *108[N/m2]
m=
1.41 *108[N/m2]
a=
1.41 *108[N/m2]
10 6
d i
1.2 d 1
d
e
max
m min
2
max
a min
2
3
10 6
1
-factorul dimensional:
e=(0.80.9)
0.8
g=(1.11.5)
g=
1.1
-1=
*106[N/m2]
340 *106[N/m2]
-coeficientul tensiunilor:
2 1 0
0
0.67
0 1.4...1.6 1
-coeficientul de siguran este:
c= 1.3
k
a m
ca= 24
di
d
0.85 F l i
de
de
2
di
2
d e 1
d e
a 1500...2200 105
[N/m2]
t=
1222.14 *105[N/m2]
Calculul la ovalizare:
Ovalizarea se studiaz n ipoteza ca bolul este o grinda curb n
seciunea transversal ncrcat cu o sarcin distribuit sinusoidal.
Solicitrile mai mari apar pe diametrul interior.
408
Fig. 3.5
-valori ale factorilor de corecie (funcie de a ):
1= 10.42139 2=
di
de
11.854334
3= 3.857664
0.612
k= 1.40957148
4= 9.17032928
( i ) 0
F
l de
1 2 1 1 K F
0,1 9 0
l de 1
1 2 1
3.91 *105[N/m2]
( i ) 90
F
l de
1 2 1 0,636 K F
0,174
2
2
1
4.45 *105[N/m2]
( e ) 0
( e ) 90
F
2 1 1 K F
0,1 9 0
3
l de
1
l de
1 2
F
l de
1.45 *105[N/m2]
2 1 0,636 K F
0,174
1
l de 4
1 2
3.44 *105[N/m2]
max
0.09 1
F
K
l E 1
dmax=
4.33 *10-6[mm]
-jocul la cald:
l = (0,0005... 0,001) d e
Dl=0.001de
max
l=
l
2
0.01329619 [mm]
0.027 [mm]
b=
- temperatura bolului:
tb=
423 [K]
- temperatura pistonului:
tp=
450 [K]
p=
12 *10-6[1/K]
20 *10-6[1/K]
6
p 17 25 10 [1 / K ]
t0=
293 [K]
l=
0.045 [mm]
a=
0.026 [mm]
l b tb t0 p t p t0 d
Pe d
0
n cazul n care nu se poate, se impune o anumita valoare a
presiunii medii in funcie de condiiile de funcionare , aceasta se
determin n funcie de elementele geometrice i de proprietile
materialului din care este confecionat.
S0
t
0.425
pe=
2.23 *105[N/m2]
E
3
3
D
D
pe=(1.4)*105[N/m2]
t
t
=
-modulul de elasticitate:
E=
0.196
1.2 *1011[N/m2]
8.63 [mm]
3.45 [mm]
2.5 [mm]
8.63 [mm]
U 1 D1 S 0
-deplasarea unghiular (e):
r0
Dt
0 r0 U
0
r0=
36.26 [mm]
M
10 6 [ N / m 2 ]
W
a
D
0.5 0.8 1 5
t
K m pe
a=22002800
19.89
t= 3.82
[mm]
Km= 1.742
(1.54)
[mm]
b=
1.75 [mm]
(3.56.5) [mm]
b=
3.5 [mm]
-segmenii de ungere
b=
2
3
D
max=
1000.92 *105[N/m2]
'max=
4818.68 *105[N/m2]
'max
3.9
E
m
1
S
0
3 t
2
D
[N/m2]
0.114 [mm]
0.228 [mm]
de=
39.9 [mm]
di=
30.6 [mm]
hp=(0.160.20)d=0.19d
hp=
4.3 [mm]
a=
21.3 [mm]
Solicitarea de ntindere:
F m p r 2 1
F= 3237.113 [N]
M 0 F rm 0,00033 0,0297
N 0 F 0,572 0,0008
180
rad
180
-raza exterioar:
-raza interioar:
re ri h p
ri
rm
-raza medie:
jc=
db
2
ri re
2
3.14
re=
19.55 [mm]
ri=
15.30 [mm]
rm=
17.62 [mm]
M=
-2514.96 [Nm]
-222.3624 [N]
Tensiunile n seciunea de ncastrare n fibra interioar i exterioar sunt:
6 rm hp
1
k N
i 2 M
hp 2 rm hp
a hp
6 rm hp
1
k N
i 2 M
hp 2 rm hp
a hp
6 rm hp
1
k N
e 2 M
hp 2 rm hp
a hp
1
A E
1 b BZ
Ap E p
Ap E p
A p E p Ab E bz
Ep=
2.1 *105[N/mm2]
Ebz=
1.15 *105[N/mm2]
K= 0.6461538
Solicitarea de compresiune
Ipoteze de calcul
-piciorul bielei e o grind circular ncastrat n tija bielei
-Fc se distribuie numai pe partea inferioar a piciorului, distribuia ei fiind
sinusoidal.
Fora de comprimare:
Este datorat forei de presiune a gazelor.
Fc
D2
Pg max m p r 2 1
4
D2
Fc
Pg max m p r 2 1
4
Fc=
60720 [N]
N c'
0.003 N 0' 3 10 3 Fc
Fc
N'c=
M 'c
0.00125 M 'c 1.25 103 Fc rm
Fc rm
182.16 [N]
ce
6 rm hp
1
2 M 'c
K N 'c
a hp
hp 2 rm hp
ce=
-18.04 [N/mm2]
ci=
24.04 [N/mm2]
-n fibra interioar:
ci
6 rm hp
1
2 M 'c
K N 'c
a hp
hp 2 rm hp
unde:
t- dilatarea termica a bucei
di- diametrul interior al piciorului bielei [mm]
BZ= 1810-6 1/K - coeficientul de dilatare al bucei;
OL= 1010-6 1/K - coeficientul de dilatare al materialului bielei;
t= 373423 K - temperatura piciorului bielei
tm= 293 K - temperatura mediului ambiant
-se adopta:
BZ=
18 *10-6[1/k]
OL=
10 *10-6[1/k]
t=
tm=
Strngerea la montaj:
373 K
293 K
Dm=(0.0040.008)
Dm=
-se adopt:
0.004 [mm]
pf
de 2 di 2
m=
di d 2
pf=
37.05 [N/mm2]
f=
142.88 [N/mm2]
fe=
179.92 [N/mm2]
2
2
2
de di
di d 2
di
Ep
Eb
0.3
-n fibra interioar:
fi p f
de di
2
2
d e d1
-n fibra exterioar:
pf
fe
2de
2
de di
max
fe
ie
min e c
v
max min
max min
max=
221.11 [N/mm2]
min=
161.89 [N/mm2]
v=
29.61 [N/mm2]
m= 191.4959 [N/mm2]
Coeficientul de siguran:
1t
v m
c=
6.24
c 2.5...5
=
=
=
1
0.9
0.8
s-1t=
400 Mpa
F jp d m c 90 0
3
0.02 <=dmax=0,04
10 EI
6
a hp
12
I=
32.09 [mm4]
Dimensiunile caracteristice:
Hp=(0.48.1)*de=0.5*de
Hc=(1.1.1.35)*Hp=1.1*Hp
hi = 0.666*H
B = 0.75*H
a = 0.167*H
L=3,6*R=
Hp=
Hc=
hi=
B=
a=
L=
25.9 [mm]
32 [mm]
19.4 [mm]
21.9 [mm]
4.9 [mm]
145 [mm]
0.12
H=
29.17 [mm]
A=H*B-(B-a)*h
A=
307.75 [mm2]
mp=
0.36 [kg]
mb=
0.45 [kg]
m1b=
m2b=
0.125 [kg]
0.329 [kg]
F m1b mp r 2 1
Fi=
-4.40 *104[N]
Fc=
10.47 *104[N]
c=
340.29 [N/mm2]
Calculul la compresiune:
Seciunea I-I este solicitat la compresiune de for:
Fc
D2
Pmax 106 Fi
4
Fc
A
Calculul la flambaj:
La construciile actuale de autovehicule eforturile de flambaj nu
depesc cu 1015% eforturile de compresiune.
kf=
k f c
f=
1.12
381.12 [N/mm2]
max
min c
min
m max
v
max
2
min
2
m=
3607.06 *105[N/m2]
max
min c
min
m max
2
max min
v=
2041.73 *105[N/m2]
2
1=(34004000)*105[N/m2]
k
v m
c=
2.33
ca=2.55
Calculul capului bielei:
Diametrul interior i grosimea capului bielei se deduc din
dimensiunile manetonului.
Capul bielei se verific la ncovoiere sub aciunea momentului
forei de inerie a maselor n micare de translaie i a maselor n
micare de -viteza unghiulara a arborelui cotit este:
corp i capac.
-capacul bielei se adopt:
mc
1
m 2b
3
418.88 [rad/s]
mc=
0.110 [kg]
F r 2 m p m1b 1 m2b mc b
F=
4.99 *103[N]
-grosimea cuzinetului:
gcuz=
2
[mm]
[mm]
-lungimea manetonului:
lm=
26.1
[mm]
[mm]
Acuz 2 g cuz l m 10 6
Acuz=
1.04 *10-4[m2]
Acap 2 g cap lm 10 6
Acap=
5.22 *10-4[m2]
Icap=
2.17 *10-9[m2]
Icuz=
2.1 *10-11[m2]
I cap
g cap l m
12
10 12
I cuz
g
l
cuz m 10 12
12
max Fjc
0.023 Ls 10 3
0 .4
Acap Acuz
I cap
I cuz
1
I cap g cap 10 3
max=
6.39 *106[N/m2]
M8
max Fjc
0.023 Ls 10
0 .4
A
I
I cuz
cap Acuz
cap
1
I cap g cap 10
max 1
0.0024 F jc Ls 10 6
E p I cap I cuz
D=(0.00030.003)dm
d=
0.21 *10-5[mm]
d<D
F js
F jc
2
Fjs=
2.50 *103[N]
0.25
-coeficientul de siguran:
Cc=(1.253)
Cc=
c1=
1.3
1.2
*107[N/m2]
c=
100 *107[N/m2]
Fs Fsp x1 F js
Fs=
8.112 *103[N]
d fs
Cc
c1 Fs
c2 c
-se adopt
-diametrul prii nefiletate:
d s Cc
4 Fs
-se adopta
dfs=
7.50 [mm]
dfs=
8 [mm]
ds=
3.75 [mm]
ds=
10 [mm]
8 [mm]
A fs
d fs 2
4
Afs=
50.24 [mm2]
s1=
4500 *105[N/m2]
-coeficientul de concentrare:
bk=
e=
0.85
-factorul dimensional:
-coeficient de calitate a suprafeei:
g=
1.3
m
v
max min
max
2
min
v
0.04
m
v=
1
1
c
6.21 *106[N/m2]
0.56
c=
5.45 <ca=2
l=
96.6 [mm]
dp=
57.0 [mm]
lp=
34.2 [mm]
dm=
45.6 [mm]
dmi=
31.9 [mm]
lm=
26.1 [mm]
h=
12.5 [mm]
b=
91.2 [mm]
g=
3.2 [mm]
54970.30 [N]
Rpmax=
60699.42 [N]
Rmmed=
28449.26 [N]
Rpmed=
30372.75 [N]
Rmmax
d m lm
Pmmax
Ppmax
Rpmax
d p lp
Pmmax=
660.62 *105<Pma=180*105[N/m2]
Ppmax=
311.55 *105.<Ppa=150*105[N/m2]
Rm
d m lm
Pmm
Ppm
Rp
d p lp
Pmm=
341.90 *105<Pa=100*105[N/m2]
Ppm=
155.90 *105<Pa=75*105[N/m2]
-pentru
Km
Kp
Pmm
Ppm
Km= 185459.96
dp n
60
x=
dm n
60
3.8
Kp= 175018.18
1.05
Fig.3.11.
Fusul palier:
Fusul p -momentul de intrare in cotul I este:
considerare numai efortul de torsiune.
i 1
T
j 1
M p i1 M p i T j R T j R
j 1
-modulul de inertie:
Wp
d 3p
Wp=
32
1.82 *10-5[m3]
max
min
M p max
Wp
M p min
tmax=
3.01 *107[N/m2]
tmin=
-1.30 *107[N/m2]
tm=
8.58 *106[N/m2]
tv=
3.66 *107[N/m2]
Wp
max min
2
max min
v
2
m
bpe=
2.5
gt=
1.1
yt=
0.09
t=
250 *106[N/m2]
ct=
4.03
p
v m
Fusul maneton:
Fusul maneton este solicitat la incovoiere si la torsiune. Deoarece
actiunea momentelor maxime ale acestor solicitari nu coincide in timp
se determina separat coeficientii de siguranta la incovoiere si la
torsiune si apoi coeficientul global.
Se considera masele manetonului si ale bratului , precum si
razele lor fata de axa de rotatie.
Masa si raza contragreutatii se determina din conditia ca fortele
de inertie datorita miscarii de rotatie sa fie echilibrate.
-masa maneton:
mm=
0.4 [kg]
mbr=
0.35 [kg]
rbr=
26.2 [mm]
rcg=
36.24161 [mm]
-masa contragreutatii:
mc g
mm m2b r 2 mb r b r
2 rc g
mcg=
-0.253 [kg]
mc g
mm m2b r 2 mb r b r
2r
cg
-forta de inertie produsa
de bratul maneton:
Zbr= 1607398.6
Z br mbr 2 br
-forta de inertie produsa de maneton:
Zm= 2826.1954
Z m mm 2 r
-forta de inertie produsa de contragreutati:
Zcg= -1607399
Z cg mcg 2 rcg
-forta de inertie produsa de masa bielei:
Z 2 b m2b 2 r
Z2b= 2322.4602
B Z 0.5 Z Z m Z 2b N Z cg
B T 0 .5 T
M Z 0.5 l BZ Z br Z cg 0.5 l a
M T 0.5 l BT
-momentul de incovoiere rezultant:
Mi
Mt MZ
M u M Z cos M t sin
Unghiul q se determina din diagrama de uzura. q=30 grade.
Din tabel rezulta valorile maxime si minime ale momentului.
Mumax=
2625.40 [Nm]
Mumin=
-95.39 [Nm]
d
Wm m
32
Wm=
9.3 *10-6[m3]
d
Wm m
32
amplitudinea ciclului sunt:
max
min
M u max
Wm
M u min
Wm
tmax=
28.2 *106[N/m2]
tmin=
-1.0 *107[N/m2]
tm=
13.61 *107[N/m2]
tv=
14.63 *107[N/m2]
max min
2
max min
2
bks=
2.00
gs=
ys=
0.1
-factorul dimensional:
e s=
0.75
-tensiunea admisibila:
t=
250 *106[N/m2]
c s=
0.6
t=(250350)*106[N/m2]
k
v m
M r M pi BT r
Cel mai solicitat maneton la torsiune este ultimul
este momentul ce solicita penultimul palier.
Mrmax=
484.89 [Nm]
Mrmin=
-183.26 [Nm]
max
M r max
Wp
tmax=
8.58 *108[N/m2]
M r min
Wp
tmin=
-0.32 *108[N/m2]
max min
2
tm=
4.1 *107[N/m2]
tv=
4.5 *108[N/m2]
min
max min
2
Wp=
10 9
5.7 [m3]
bkt=
2.00
gt=
1.2
yt=
0.1
-factorul dimensional:
et=
0.8
-tensiunea admisibila:
t=
180 *106[N/m2]
t=(180220)
k
v m
ct=
1.9
cm=
0.6
cm
c c
c 2 c 2
cma=
Calculul bratului
Bratul arborelui este supus la sarcini variabile de incovoiere ,
intindere , compresiune si torsiune.
Cel mai solicitat brat este ultimul care este solicitat la torsiune de
momentul rezultant al motorului.
Coeficientii de siguranta se determina in mijlocul laturii mari a
sectiunii tangente la fusul palier , unde apar cele mai mari eforturi
unitare.
Fig.3.12.
lp h
2
M iZ B Z
6a 1
BZ
2
W
A
bh bh
b
2
-din calculul tabelar determinam reactiunile:
M it M pi Bt
a=
23.34 [mm]
b=
h=
91.17 [mm]
12.49 [mm]
Bzmax=
Bzmin=
56377.4 [N]
-4721.0 [N]
1
6a
6
10
2
bh bh
max B z maz
smax=
6982.3 *106[N/m2]
smin=
-50.6 *107[N/m2]
sm=
3465.8 *107[N/m2]
sv=
3516.4 *107[N/m2]
1
6a
6
10
2
bh bh
min B z min
max min
2
v max min
2
Coeficientul de siguranta se calculeaza tinind cont de factorii:
m
-coeficientul de concentrare:
e s=
0.75
gs=
1.1
-factorul dimensional:
ys=
bks=
0.15
1.95
-tensiunea admisibila:
s=
450 *106[N/m2]
c s=
67.0
s=(250350)
k
v m
M rb At a
M rb
k b h2
M rb
k b h2
13583.2
-5844.0
-momentul maxim:
Mrbmax=BTmax*a
-momentul minim:
Mrbmin=BTmin*a
-efortul de torsiune maxim , minim , mediu , respectiv
amplitudinea ciclului sunt:
max
min
M rb max
2
10 6
tmax=
74.29 *106[N/m2]
10 6
tmin=
-31.96 *105[N/m2]
tm=
21.16 *106[N/m2]
tv=
53.13 *106[N/m2]
k b h
M rb min
k b h
max min
2
max min
v
2
bkt=
2.00
gt=
0.8
yt=
0.09
-factorul dimensional:
et=
0.7
-tensiunea admisibila:
t=
v m
320 *106[N/m2]
Ct=
v m
cm
c c
c c
cma=
1.67
alfa
Bz
Bt
Mz
Mu
Mr
[ rac]
[N]
[N]
[Nm]
[Nm]
[Nm]
-110.136
-110.299
-85.829
-49.247
-6.101
37.251
74.779
101.876
116.150
117.715
108.882
93.351
75.167
57.770
43.401
32.971
26.341
22.826
21.747
0.945
4.564
11.449
22.419
37.834
57.126
78.585
99.588
117.394
-95.395
68.154
128.096
104.909
65.046
50.923
59.142
81.881
110.758
138.437
159.007
167.957
161.950
138.549
96.288
36.455
-28.433
-52.567
18.836
164.510
206.391
157.482
89.749
51.428
43.852
61.707
96.413
138.159
0.000
368.589
484.885
390.889
270.852
189.926
153.054
149.201
164.317
185.284
201.802
207.428
199.750
179.694
150.243
115.018
77.122
38.519
0.000
-41.056
-79.824
-95.623
-130.125
-152.592
-164.317
-161.925
-144.000
-112.297
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
-4717.587
-4720.975
-4214.568
-3457.537
-2564.654
-1667.514
-890.889
-330.135
-34.735
-2.341
-185.139
-506.551
-882.858
-1242.878
-1540.243
-1756.074
-1893.287
-1966.016
-1988.354
-2418.837
-2343.942
-2201.458
-1974.454
-1655.447
-1256.197
-812.130
-377.474
-8.994
0.00
-836.54
-1541.91
-2007.44
-2165.73
-2002.44
-1558.29
-920.21
-202.72
476.59
1021.07
1372.03
1514.29
1470.00
1284.22
1008.18
685.54
344.95
0.00
-424.41
-848.72
-1263.88
-1646.25
-1957.96
-2154.65
-2199.71
-2081.84
-1830.72
1.67
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
261.379
463.678
739.238
1418.193
3169.982
7297.429
15973.666
29948.413
38854.262
56377.405
37127.636
20176.647
10529.749
5595.136
3063.874
1659.393
733.915
-20.263
-723.520
-1395.241
-2009.184
-2530.062
-2934.618
-3219.048
-3396.013
-3485.667
-3505.376
-3391.967
-3130.655
-1934.743
-1901.233
-1548.460
-1122.828
-672.473
-270.917
-4.706
46.463
-168.363
-654.418
-1364.646
-2205.557
-3053.689
-3778.294
-4265.084
-4490.894
-1525.46
-1292.45
-1293.03
-1703.04
-2676.90
-4236.87
-5844.00
-5306.72
0.00
9989.82
13583.22
11714.51
8891.88
6718.93
5359.14
4625.37
4283.27
4124.64
3990.34
3779.10
3446.18
2992.40
2446.81
1848.09
1229.66
611.59
0.00
-595.15
-1133.58
-1110.76
-1585.20
-1831.42
-1925.89
-1821.44
-1494.15
-957.99
-271.17
469.29
1144.67
1638.74
1862.49
1772.96
1382.30
755.75
0.00
130.459
140.234
153.550
186.359
271.009
470.456
889.710
1565.000
1995.350
2842.106
1911.915
1092.807
626.648
388.197
265.881
198.014
153.293
116.849
82.866
50.407
20.740
-4.430
-23.979
-37.723
-46.274
-50.606
-51.559
-46.079
-33.452
24.337
25.957
43.004
63.571
85.333
104.737
117.601
120.074
109.693
86.206
51.886
11.251
-29.732
-64.747
-88.270
-99.181
177.695
208.565
229.842
249.927
293.433
415.386
719.382
1283.200
1728.288
2625.404
1858.458
1094.109
613.107
354.899
224.667
165.152
142.930
137.687
136.473
130.761
114.808
84.675
37.927
-24.777
-91.329
-116.171
-44.658
123.780
173.463
168.645
92.813
55.906
49.434
67.553
100.873
138.338
168.700
182.112
171.511
133.453
68.442
-17.856
-107.329
-148.793
-85.907
-72.347
-33.147
-5.974
-2.589
-32.795
-99.218
-179.666
-183.261
0.000
368.589
484.885
390.889
270.852
189.926
153.054
149.201
164.317
185.284
201.802
207.428
199.750
179.694
150.243
115.018
77.122
38.519
0.000
-41.056
-79.824
-95.623
-130.125
-152.592
-164.317
-161.925
-144.000
-112.297
-72.347
-33.147
-5.974
-2.589
-32.795
-99.218
-179.666
-183.261
0.000
Max
Min
56377.4
-4721.0
13583.22
-5844.00
2842.106 2625.404
-110.299 -95.395
484.885
-183.261
2.260352
sus1
sus2
0.0131
0.4
jos
jos
851.8070
6.26
20 RAC
60 RAC
60 RAC
20 RAC
A
C
E
D
180
C
D
A
E
360
D
E
C
A
540
720
i
j=
Cilindrul
E
A
D
C
720
1
2
3
4
A-Admisie
C-Compresie
D-Destindere
E-Evacuare
j (unghiul de decalaj., in grade)
180
Supapa de admisie
Supapa de evacuare
da=(0.42.0.50)D
de=(0.350.45)D
da= 33.4
de= 29.0
dc=0.865d
dc=0.865d
dc= 29
-lungimea fatetei b
b=(0.05-0.12)dc
dc= 25
-lungimea fatetei b
b= 1.97
-grosimea talerului t
b=(0.05-0.12)dc
b= 1.81
-grosimea talerului t
t=(0.08-0.12)dc
t= 2.9
t=(0.08-0.12)dc
t= 2.5
d=(0.300.4)dc
d=(0.300.4)dc
d= 10.0
-raza de racordare:
rc=(0.25.0.35)dc
d= 8.7
-raza de racordare:
rc= 7
rc=(0.25.0.35)dc
rc= 6
l= 95
-inaltimea maxima de ridicare:
hmax=(0.180.30)dc =
l= 93
-inaltimea maxima de ridicare:
hmax=(0.180.30)dc =
7.2
6.3
9.0
7.8
Wca Wm
D2
2
( d ia d a ) i a
42.13
m/s
unde:
Wca Wm
D2
2
(d ia d a ) ia
Wm=
55.90
10.7
m/s
Aca
2
2
(d ia d a )
4
577.76 mm2
Aca
2
2
( d ia d a )
4
435.48 mm2
Wsa Wm
D2
4 As max a
580.46 mm2
83.87 m/s
Wsa=7090 m/s [5-pag 383]
m/s
Wse
D2
Wm
126.47 m/s
4 As max e
Wse=80110 m/s
437.51 mm2
[5-pag 383]
Datele iniiale de proiectare pentru profilarea camei sunt nlimea maxim de deschidere
a supapei hmax, n mm, i durata deschiderii supapei , n 0RAC
hTmax a hmax a
7.2 mm
hTmax e hmax e
6.3 mm
a=
260 oRAC
e=
260 oRAC
a=
130
e=
130
Profilarea camei
Pentru un motor Otto de turatie ridicata (6000 rot/min) cea mai eficienta
solutie o reprezinta utilizarea unor came fara joc de tip polinomial.
Ridicarea supapei in acest caz se poate calcula cu ajutorul expresiei :
2
h hmax 1 C 2 2 C p
Cq
Cs
[4]
h hTmax 1 Ci
i 2 , p ,q , r , s
h hTmax 1 Ci
i 2 , p ,q , r , s
V hTmax k
i Ci
i 2, p ,q ,r ,s
j hTmax k
i (i 1) Ci
i 2 , p ,q , r , s
-ridicarea supapei
i 1
-viteza supapei
i2
-acceleratia supapei
C2, Cp, Cq, Cr, Cs, sunt constante ce se determin din condiiile iniiale
-in aceasta situatie valorile exponentilor vor fi:
p= 10
q= 18
r= 26
s= 34
C2
pqr s
( p 2 ) (q 2) (r 2) ( s 2 )
Cp
2qr s
Cp=
( p 2 ) ( q p ) ( r p) ( s p)
Cq
2 p r s
( q 2 ) ( q p) ( r q ) ( s q )
Cr
2 pqs
( r 2 ) ( r p) ( r q ) ( s r )
Cs
2 p q r
Cs= -0.0952148 [5-pag 393]
( s 2) ( s p) ( s q ) ( s r )
r0=
12.39 mm
m d m d AC
m da m d ACa
115.55 g
m de m d ACe
unde:
87.10 g
20 g/cm2
Bucsele de ghidare
Au grosimi de perete intre (2,54,0)mm
se adopta grosimea:
3 mm
51 mm
44 mm
Fr max K F j
unde:
520.99 N
[1-pag 202]
2.99 m/s2
Fg ev
d ce2 0.09
44.55
4
25
mm
M Fr
Dr
6628.91 Nmm
t = (300600) Mpa
unde:
Dr
6.... 8 1.24..... 1.17
d
=
1.24
d - diametrul sarmei
Dr
3.18 mm
8 Frmax Dr
Se adopta :
1.18 mm
d=
3 mm
t = (300600) Mpa
Sageata la montaj:
fo =hsmax
9.0 mm
Sageata maxima:
16 mm
ir
G d f max
Dr max
unde:
6.07
se adopta ir = 5
G -modulul de elasticitate transversal
spire
G =0.08...0.83104=
8000 Mpa
600 Mpa
i i r ( 2... 3)
7 spire
0.5 mm
td
f max
min
ir
7 mm
l min i d i r min
18.5 mm
l 0 l min hmax
24.8 mm
l l l min f max l 0 f 0
Verificarea arcului la oboseala
34 mm
Ipoteze de calcul.
Arcul elicoidal se inlocuieste cu un arc lamelar de aceias masa
Arcul lamelar are aceias lungime cu arcul elicoidal in stare montata
Rigiditatea arcului elicoidal si lamelar trebuie sa fie identice
= 226041.67 osc/min
2000 rot/min
>10
113.02
Presiunea de contact.
-tachet plan
Fc E
=
br
0.418
515.94 Mpa
826.04 N
s=6001200 Mpa
-latimea camei:
r=rc
-raza de racordare:
b=
15 mm
r=
7 mm
f=
0.0011 mm
Incovoierea
Fc l12 (1 l1 ) 2
f 6,8
E l (d 4 4 )
Torsiune
Apare in punctul B, moment in care contactul dintre cama si tachet e cem mai departat
de axa tachetului
=
4481.37 Nmm
OB=
17 mm
d=
19 mm
l1=
26.8 mm
l2=
25.4 mm
l=
94.2 mm
263.61 N
3.33 Mpa
Calculul tachetului
1.46 Mpa
<10 Mpa
d0-diametru tachetului
32.6
mm
l-lungimea tachetului
23.8
mm
[1-pag 204]
C2
-1.61865
Cp
1.294922
Cq
-1.0791
Cr
0.498047
Cs
-0.09521
p=
q=
r=
s=
k=
10
18
26
34
418.88
-65
-61.765
-58.53
-55.295
-52.06
-48.825
-45.59
-42.355
-39.12
-35.885
-32.65
-29.415
-26.18
-22.945
-19.71
-16.475
-13.24
-10.005
-6.77
-3.535
-0.3
2.935
6.17
9.405
12.64
15.875
19.11
22.345
25.58
28.815
32.05
35.285
38.52
41.755
44.99
48.225
51.46
54.695
57.93
61.165
65
/
65
-1
-0.95023
-0.90046
-0.85069
-0.80092
-0.75115
-0.70138
-0.65162
-0.60185
-0.55208
-0.50231
-0.45254
-0.40277
-0.353
-0.30323
-0.25346
-0.20369
-0.15392
-0.10415
-0.05438
-0.00462
0.045154
0.094923
0.144692
0.194462
0.244231
0.294
0.343769
0.393538
0.443308
0.493077
0.542846
0.592615
0.642385
0.692154
0.741923
0.791692
0.841462
0.891231
0.941
1
hTmax
hs
vs
as
7.2293 0.000000
0
0
0.003178 1.811191 0.766961
0.056576 14.11211 2.359406
0.245369 35.58991 2.990902
0.607105 57.51322 2.555795
1.119015 73.88301 1.653755
1.729658 83.09433 0.756383
2.386477 86.10841 0.063917
3.048267 84.67943 -0.3985
3.687205 80.42663 -0.6773
4.286360 74.53697 -0.83174
4.836277 67.77257 -0.91069
5.332082 60.57724 -0.94774
5.771463 53.18786 -0.96349
6.153424 45.71996 -0.96942
6.477584 38.22427 -0.97133
6.743816 30.72035 -0.97182
6.952085 23.21453 -0.97191
7.102386 15.7084 -0.97192
7.194717 8.202246 -0.97192
7.229078 0.696089 -0.97192
7.205469 -6.81007 -0.97192
7.123890 -14.3162 -0.97192
6.984341 -21.8224 -0.97192
6.786822 -29.3283 -0.97185
6.531340 -36.8328 -0.97148
6.217919 -44.331 -0.96997
5.846660 -51.8066 -0.9651
5.417879 -59.2167 -0.95183
4.932417 -66.4613 -0.91995
4.392266 -73.3316 -0.85088
3.801700 -79.4299 -0.71367
3.169131 -84.0622 -0.46227
2.509848 -86.1258 -0.03833
1.849407 -84.0721 0.610075
1.226480 -76.1255 1.477671
0.692059 -61.0683 2.405833
0.299413 -39.8669 2.974859
0.079288 -17.6495 2.572711
0.006662 -3.12535 1.071643
0.000000
0
0
Max
2.990902
rad/sec
Cinematica supapei
-80
-60
-40
-20
100
80
60
40
20
-20
-40
0
0
20
40
60
80
-60
-1
-80
-2
-100
a[grd]
hs
as
vs
Sistemul de rcire
Instalaiile de rcire au rolul de a evacua spre exterior o
anumit cantitate de cldur dezvoltat prin arderea amestecului
carburant n scopul asigurrii unui regim termic normal de funcionare
a motorului.
Calculul cantitii de cldur evacuat prin sistem:
Mac
Qr q r Pe
qr =
2100
[kJ/kWh]
163800 [kJ/h]
Calculul radiatorului:
t ia (10 12)C
tia=4045C
tea=tia+(1012)C
til=85115C
t il ( 4 7)C
40
52
110
tel=til+(47)C
115
1
t ia t ea
2
1
t ml (t il t el )
2
t m t ml t ma
t ma
46 [C]
112.5 [C]
66.5 [C]
Qr k rad Aaer t m
Aaer
Se adopt:
Qr
k rad t m
Krad =Caer =
250
[kJ/m2hk]
(85500)
Aaer
Qr
k rad t m
9.85 [m2]
V1
Qr
4706.9
1 c p1 t1
[l/h]
1
c p1
t1
6 [K]
r=
38.485
0.0385
[m2]
it
Se adopt it =
V1
48.53
At w1
60
[tuburi]
tuburi
450
(mm)
nlimea radiatorului
ner
Aaer
17
Al
Aaer
Pe
(0.150.2) (m2/kW)
0.13 (m2/kW)
z t=
12
Vl
Vl
0.007
zt
z t=
(m3/trecere) =
720
6.5
[kg/trecere]
0.12
[l/kW]
com
Aaer
782.0
A f l rad
[m2/m3]
Calculul ventilatorului:
1.1
1.04
Af=
Wa=
0.32
10
K2
[m2]
[m/s]
273 tea
273 tia
(913) (m/s)
Va K 1 K 2 A f Wa 2.40 (m3/s)
Cderea de presiune n circuitul de aer:
p a p ar p am 414 [N/m2]
p ar
p am
Pv
Va pa
3310.016 (W)
= 3.31
[KW]
v
0.3 pentru paletele stantate
Sarcina hidraulic a ventilatorului
hv
p a
aiv
37.30 (m)
unde gaiv =
1.11
D=
n=
350 (mm)
6 Numrul de palete
'
Va
Va
1.20
2
(m3/s)
41
0.7
[mm]
Randamentul hidraulic
(0,6,,,0,7)
(kgf/m3)
h
p 0.85
c1= 2
Z= 8
1 10
2 10
1 50
2 45
4
Coeficientul de scpri
[m/s]
Numrul de palete
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grosimea paletei
(0,8,,,0,9)
(1,,,2,5)m/s
(8,,,12)
(40,,,55)
(35,,,50)
(3,,,5)mm
r1 r0
Vp
1
c1 p
1
2
0.030
[m]=
30.04
[mm]
Vl =
4.71
V0 p r1 r0
9.50
[m3/h]
V p p V0 p 8.07
[m3/h]
pp 9 mH2O
pp
u 2 1 tg 2 ctg 2
1
2
[m3/h]
pp
u 2 1 tg 2 ctg 2
1
2
14.61
[m/s]
34.87
[mm]
Raza rotorului r2
r2
30 u 2
np
0.035 m
Pp 10
Vp pp
1
0.292 [kW]
h
Valori admise
Pp =(0,0050,01)Pn
20
[kW]
Vitezele relative
w 1 c1
w 2 c2
sin 1
sin 1
2.611 (m/s)
sin 2
sin(180 2 2 )
u2
15.62 [m/s]
sin 2
sin 2
c2 u 2
sin(180 2 2 )
16.921 [m/s]
sin 2
b2
Vop
D 2 z
sin 2
b1
w 2 sin 2
Vop
D 1 z
sin 1
w 1 sin 1
[mm]
b1
Vop
D 1 z
sin 1
w 1 sin 1
[mm]
a=0.25D
l=0.175D
h=0.333D
r=0.4D
a=
l=
h=
r=
d=0.02D
d=
87.5
61.3
116.6
140
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
Sistemul de ungere
Conditiile de lucru ale M.A.I. necesita prezenta in ansamblul constructiv a unui sistem de ungere care asigura
prezenta unei cantitati determinate de ulei intre suprafetele aflate in miscare relativ pentru a diminua frecarea,
respectiv uzura; racirea suprafetelor si pieselor solicitate termic; protectia impotriva coroziunii,sau alte depuneri.
curatarea suprafetelor aflate in miscare relativa de eventualele particule metalice
La functionarea motorului, uleiul din instalatia de ungere este supus solicitarilor termice (T=100...300 C deg) si
mecanice (p=50...2000 MPa),contaminat permanent cu gaze si combustibil, oxidat intensiv de concentratia
continutul de aditivi. mare de oxigen, isi pierde capacitatea de onctuozitate si partial
Cerintele impuse uleiurilor: vascozitate optima si o variatie optima a ei in functie de temperatura; onctuozitate
congelare cat mai redusa.ridicata; stabilitate chimica; detergenta; temperatura de
1-baia de ulei
2-sorbul pompei
3-pompa de ulei
4-supapa de limitare presiunii maxime
din instalatie
5,9,10,14,15-conducte si canale
6-filtru brut
7-filtru fin
8-supapa de scurtcircuitare a filtrului brut in
cazul infundarii acestuia
11-rampa centrala de ungere (magistrala
ungerii)
12-radiatorul de ulei
13-supapa de protectie a radiatorului de ulei
e
rc=
dc=
df=
rf=
lf=
hmin
hmax
26.3 mm
52.6 mm
50.6 mm
25.3 mm
32 mm
excentricitate
raza cuzinetului
diametrul fusului
raza fusului
lungimea fusului
jocul minim in lagar
jocul maxim
0.8
341.90 daN/m2
28449.26 N
60
136
0.098 m
0.0019368 m
joc relativ
90 C
Vascozitatea
la 100 C
cSt
Indice de
vascozitate,
min
Bazicitate
KOH
mg/g, min
Cenusa
sulfat
%max
Nivelul
API
13,0...15
115
2.5
1.5 SC/CB
tue=(90110)C
85 C
tue1=
100 C
tue2=
110 C
tue3=
120 C
tue4=
130 C
tue5=
140 C
tue6=
150 C
Vascozitatea dinamica .u :
0.001400 [daNs/m2]
0.001052 [daNs/m2]
0.000810 [daNs/m2]
0.000637 [daNs/m2]
0.000510 [daNs/m2]
0.000415 [daNs/m2]
= 29.10775661
= 37.78978469
= 48.04638713
= 60.00877847
= 73.80817322
er1=
er2=
er3=
er4=
er5=
er6=
0.75
0.8
0.82
0.85
0.875
0.9
u1=
u2=
u3=
u4=
u5=
u6=
2.5
2.2
1.86
1.6
1.4
1.3
0.0042609
0.0036024
0.0030988
0.0027115
0.0025178
2.837425493 [kJ/s]
2.4969344338 [kJ/s]
2.1110445668 [kJ/s]
1.8159523155 [kJ/s]
1.5889582761 [kJ/s]
1.4754612563 [kJ/s]
Se citeste v din monograma si apoi se calculeaza V'u1 si Qu :
v1=
v2=
v3=
v4=
v5=
v6=
tue=
100 C
tu=tue-tui
se adopta tu=35C
6.52
6.58
6.55
6.4
6.1
5.8
6.85 [m3/s]
6.91 [m3/s]
6.88 [m3/s]
6.73 [m3/s]
6.41 [m3/s]
6.09 [m3/s]
tui=
65 C
tu.carter=tui-15=
ucu=
Se adopta
u
cu
Vul
50 C
1674...1883 kJ
1883 kJ
=
0.452 [kJ/s]
0.456 [kJ/s]
0.454 [kJ/s]
0.443 [kJ/s]
0.422 [kJ/s]
0.402 [kJ/s]
0.877157477 [kJ/s]
0.830239128 [kJ/s]
0.770277993 [kJ/s]
0.715625881 [kJ/s]
0.660800227 [kJ/s]
0.622999126 [kJ/s]
Colum
nG
2.5
2
1.5
Colum
nG
1
0.5
0
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
tup=
tup<150C
tue.min=
tue.max=
130 C
- temperatura peliculei de ulei
100 C
150 C
tue.pas=tue.min+(tue.min+tue.max)/9
u.min=
u.max=
128 C
1.3 C
2.5 C
ue.pas=ue.min+(ue.min+ue.max)/9
1.72 C
5.8557
er=
0.875
0.042875
91.875 m
hmin=69m
160
hadm=
4 m
a) daca arborele motor are ''b'' lagare (paliere si manetoane) si pentru un lagar este necesar debitul magistrala rezulta
V.ul, iar prin lagare trece numai (5-15%) din uleiul care se scurge prin
b=
Vu=(27)bVul
b) fractiunea de caldura preluata de ulei ''fu'' din cea disponibila trbuie sa fie f.u=0.02-0.06 adica :
Qu=fuPcicePce
Qu=fuPciC
C
ce
Pci
tu
Pe
Se adopta : Vu=15Pe
1410 [l/h]
Qu=Vucutuu
Pci=
tu=
Pe=
43500
15
94 Kw
Vpu=2.5Vu
3525 [l/h]
Se adopta : Wpu=
npu=n/2
3 [m/s]
2000 [rot/min]
= 47.770701 [mm]
Se adopta:
Dp=
- diametrul de divizare
30 [mm]
Etape de calcul :
- se alege numarul de dinti
z=
- se calculeaza pasul
- se calculeaza modulul
m=p/
h=2.2m
Se adopta :
7 mm
l=
30.37 [mm]
40 [mm]
4220.16 [l/h]
h=
Se adopta :
10.5 mm
m=
- inaltimea dintelui
5 [daN/cm2] (38)
(612)
3.3333333
Se adopta modulul :
pu=
9 dinti
- latimea roti
m=
0.86 (0.85...0.9)
=
0.0245 [kw]
[mm]
- joc axial
r=(0.050.18)
[mm]
- joc radial
e care asigura
alte depuneri.
...300 C deg) si
onctuozitate
i maxime
ale
filtrului brut in
(magistrala
atorului de ulei
elor de biela
motor pe fus
magistrala de