Short Questions.

1. What are the potential limitations of online market research? Can they
be overcome? How?
Limitation of conducting market research online has been
discussed n below:
1) Creditability of the data:
In spite of the growth of Internet users in 2010, Miniwatts Marketing Group
(2010) also shows that the world population has increased to 68.4 billion, so
the Internet penetration only takes up 28.4% of total population. It can be
noted that the Internet users can be small portion of actual customers for
companies. The data that marketers collect through online market research
does not embrace extensive range of customers.
2) Degree of customer cooperation:
Although marketers have diverse opportunities to conduct market research
online, they cannot assure the willingness of customers to participate in
research. Several concerns of customers toward online market research
consist of privacy and security because people are reluctant to reveal their
personal information
3) Limited sampling and respondent availability.
Certain populations are less likely to have internet access and to respond to
online questionnaires. It is also harder to draw probability samples based on
e-mail addresses or website visitations.
4) Possible cooperation problems.
Although online surveys in many fields can attain response rates equal to or
slightly higher than that of traditional modes, internet users today are
constantly bombarded by messages and can easily delete your advances.
5) No interviewer.
A lack of a trained interviewer to clarify and probe can possibly lead to less
reliable data.They can overcome the limitations of online marketing research
through the development of opportunities sectors. Those are given below:
Closer connection with customers

The Internet has differentiated the field of market research. Companies can
reach their customers fast and effortlessly through online market research
that is considered as an inexpensive way to gain information that firms
desire to direct their futures.

Business Internationalization
The Internet has offered a worldwide platform for people to use. Combined
with traditional market research techniques, online market research not only
authorizes companies to accumulate investigated marketing resources with
superior quality and quantity but also globalise the firms with world-wide
information
Diversity of research methods
There are more multiform methodologies of online research provided in
virtue of the development and popularity of the Internet. Most used methods
such as online surveys, online focus group bulletin, search log analysis, and
clickstream analysis are widely used by marketers as online research
methods (Krishnamurthy 2003). Marketers do not have to confine market
research to traditional manners; instead, a variety of choices provided
through the Internet can be selected as firms can identify the ones that are
suitable to apply.
Personalized Research
The online techniques have enriched the visual presentation of surveys,
including extensive stimuli potential of using colors, sounds, and graphics;
flexible forms of questionnaires, and greater delight in participation of
research
Cooperation with popular virtue communities
Many corporations already cooperated with famous websites and search
engines such as Yahoo and Google (www.google.com). Those online digital
companies assist several firms with their advertisements of online surveys
on the main Web pages or pop-ups.
2. What are the differences between e-commerce and e-business?
ECommerce

EBusiness

Ecommerce involves commercial

transactions done over internet.

E-business is conduct of business

procession the internet.

Ecommerce is subset of E-business.

E-business is superset of Ecommerce.

Ecommerce is use of electronic

transmission medium that caters
for buying and selling of products and
services.

In addition, E-business also includes the

exchange of information directly related
to buying and selling of products.

Thus, Those activities which essentially

In addition it includes activities like
involve monetary transactions are termed procurement of raw materials or goods,
as e-commerce.
customer education, looking for suppliers
etc.
Ecommerce usually requires the use of just E-business involves the use of CRMs,
a website.
ERPs that connect different business
processes.
Ecommerce covers outward facing
E-business covers internal
processes that touch customers, suppliers processes such as production, inventory
and external partners.
management, product development, risk
management, finance etc.
Ecommerce just involves Buying and
selling of products and services.

E-business includes all kinds of pre-sale and

post-sale efforts.

Ecommerce is narrower concept and

restricted to buying and selling.

It is a broader concept that involves market

surveying, supply chain and logistics
management and using Data mining.

It is more appropriate in B2C context.

It is used in the context

of B2B transactions.

Ecommerce involves the mandatory use of E-business can involve the use of internet,
internet.
intranet or extranet.
Example- Buying of pen drive from
Amazon.com is considered Ecommerce.

Example- Using of Internet by Dell,

Amazon for maintain business processes
like Online customer support, email
marketing, supply chain management.

3. What is EDI?
Electronic data interchange (EDI) is an electronic communication method
that provides standards for exchanging data via any electronic means. By
adhering to the same standard, two different companies or organizations,
even in two different countries, can electronically exchange documents (such
as purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and many others). EDI has
existed for more than 30 years, and there are many EDI standards.
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the electronic interchange of
business information using a standardized format; a process which allows
one company to send information to another company electronically rather
than with paper. Business entities conducting business electronically are
called trading partners.
4. What is search engine? Write down the three name of search engine.
Search engines are programs that search documents for specified
keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were
found. A search engine is really a general class of programs, however, the
term is often used to specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and
Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for documents on the World Wide
Web.
The Top Five List of Search Engines:
Search
Provider

Searches
(Millions)

Google

2,317

Yahoo

908

MSN

592

Ask

232

Others

40

Total

4,354

5. What is EFT?
Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the electronic transfer of money from
one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or
across multiple institutions, through computer-based systems and without
the direct intervention of bank staff. EFTs are known by a number of names.
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is a system of transferring money from
one bank account directly to another without any paper money changing
hands. One of the most widely-used EFT programs is Direct Deposit, in which
payroll is deposited straight into an employee's bank account, although EFT
refers to any transfer of funds initiated through an electronic terminal,
including credit card, ATM, Fed wire and point-of-sale (POS) transactions. It is
used for both credit transfers, such as payroll payments, and for debit
transfers, such as mortgage payments.

6. What is digital wallet? What are the functions of digital wallet?

A digital wallet refers to an electronic device that allows an individual to
make electronic commerce transactions. This can include purchasing items
on-line with a computer or using a smart phone to purchase something at a
store.

Functions of digital wallet:

Online shopping your from your device
Conducting comparison between items
Paying your bills
Earning points with all of your reward programs
Storing personal information
Person to person payments
Connect with appliances within the household

7. What is SSL? What are the functions of SSL?

SSL:

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a computer networking protocol that

manages server authentication, client authentication and encrypted
communication between servers and clients.
TLS:
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL), both of which are frequently referred to as 'SSL',
are cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications
security over a computer network.
TLS supports many different methods for exchanging keys, encrypting data,
and authenticating message integrity (see Algorithm). As a result, secure
configuration of TLS involves many configurable parameters.
The TLS protocol is composed of two layers: the TLS Record Protocol and
the TLS Handshake Protocol.
The primary goal of the TLS protocol is to provide privacy and data
integrity between two communicating computer applications.
Benefits/Functions of SSL:
A. To Encrypt Sensitive Information:
The primary reason why SSL is used is to keep sensitive information sent
across the Internet encrypted so that only the intended recipient can
understand it.
B. Authentication:
In addition to encryption, a proper SSL certificate also provides
authentication. This means you can be sure that you are sending information
to the right server and not to a criminals server.

8. What is online advertising? What are the advantages of online

advertising?
Online advertising:
Online advertising, also called online marketing or Internet
advertising or web advertising, is a form of marketing and advertising
which uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to
consumers. It includes email marketing, search engine marketing (SEM),

social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web

banner advertising), and mobile advertising.
Online advertising is one of the most effective ways for businesses of all
sizes to expand their reach, find new customers, and diversify their revenue
streams.
The advantages of online advertising:
The 5 most valuable benefits of online advertising:
i.
ii.
iii.

iv.
v.

It offers more value for your advertising dollars as it can be more

targeted than offline mediums.
It is up and running 24/7 providing round-the-clock visibility.
It has a faster and wider reach as you can connect with people
anywhere even in the remotest locations, as long as there is Internet
connectivity.
It provides more information at a low cost.
It is convenient for your audience as they can access your online
advertising material as many times as they want.

It also has some more advantages, like:

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Its an Extensive coverage.

Large capacity of information.
Strong interaction with sensory.
Real-time & Long-lasting unity.
Accurate delivery goals.
Non-compulsory transfer information.

9. What is direct marketing? How can email be used as a direct marketing

tool?
Direct marketing is a form of advertising which allows businesses and
nonprofit organizations to communicate directly to customers through a
variety of media including cell phone text messaging, email, websites, online
adverts, database marketing, fliers, catalog distribution
Email can be used as a direct marketing tool:
Email marketing is a simple, cost-effective and measurable way of reaching
your customers. It can include e-newsletters, promotional emails to generate
new leads or offers for existing customers, or ads that can appear in other
business's emails.

It has some reasons to work as direct marketing tools that are presented
below:

Focus on prospects you know

Keep a database
Start an email
Keep your advertising sharp
Track your customer response rates
Do not spam.

10. Compare and contrast intranet, extranet and the Internet as a whole.
Intranet:
An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol
technologies to securely share any part of an organization's information or
operational systems within that organization.
Extranet:
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols, network
connectivity. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that
is extended to users outside the company, usually via the Internet.
Internet:
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users
worldwide.
The main difference between the three is accessibility. The Internet is public
while the other two are highly restricted. Home users, if they use one at all,
would only use an intranet to share files between computers and typically
use the Internet when searching for and sharing information. Businesses and
organizations are the main users of both intranets and extranets in order to
restrict access to confidential data.

Internet: There's only one of it, and you're on it now.

Intranet: An internal network local to a company mostly.
Extranet: A part of an intranet that's publicly available mostly through
the internet.

11. What are the three main factors to consider when choosing the
best hardware platform for your web-site?
When we are choosing the best hardware platform for web-site, we have to
consider some factors. There has too many factors but three of them are
presented below:
Pricing
Price is not the only principle. We all know that, most often than not, we get
what we pay for. If you go for the cheapest option, you cant expect it to
perform like the more expensive option. The truth of the matter is that
quality hardware costs money.
Payment Options
This wont be a large factor for everyone, but for some, payment options are
a cause for consideration. If it is important for you to be able to pay for your
web hosting services through something like an e-wallet as opposed to a
credit card.
Areas of Specialization
Not all hosting providers are the same, just as not all customers are the
same. A provider may offer services that are perfect for customers with small
blogs but inappropriate for a business, or vice versa. Before signing up, look
carefully at the providers specialty area. You should opt for a company that
understands your needs.
Another one is also too much important to consider before choosing a best
hardware platform for a web-site.
Specs and Limitations
What kind of content do you plan to have on your site? If you opt for the
cheapest hosting plan available and want to host videos and rich content,
you probably will not have access to the RAM and processing power that you
will need.

12. Other than search engines, what are some of the most use of
the Internet?
Other than a search engine, Internet is today one of the most important part
of our daily life. There are large numbers of things that can be done using
the internet and so it is very important. Some of the most uses of internet as
a search engine are presented below:
A. Communication.
At the moment the easiest thing that can be done using the internet is
that we can communicate with the people living far away from us with
extreme ease.
B. Research
Now the point that has been placed next is research. In order to do
research you need to go through hundreds of books as well as the
references and that was one of the most difficult jobs to do earlier.
C. Education
The next point that we have in this list is education. Yes you read it
right. Education is one of the best things that the internet can provide.
There are a number of books, reference books, online help centers,
experts views and other study oriented material on the internet that
can make the learning process very easier.
D. Financial Transaction
The next use mentioned here is financial transaction. Financial
transaction is the term which is used when there is exchange of money.
With the use of internet in the financial transaction, your work has
become a lot easier.
E. Real Time Updates
Real time updates have been placed at the number fifth position here.
This has been mentioned here in regards to the news and other
happenings that may be on-going in different parts of the world but
with the use of internet we come to know about it very easily and
without any difficulty.
F. Leisure

Leisure is the option that we have next in the list. Yes you heard it
right. Right from watching your favorite videos to listening songs,
watching movies, playing games, chatting with the loved ones has
been possible due to internet.
G. Online Booking
Do you remember the time when the only way to book the railway
tickets or bus tickets or plane tickets was to visit their centers at the
designated location? That time has completely changed and today
everything is available at the mouse click.
H. Blogging
There are many people who are very much interested in writing blogs
and for them internet is the best place. They can not only write blogs
as per their wish but can also publicize their work so that their work
reaches to most of the people and they get appreciated.
I. Shopping.
Yes you read it correctly. This very list starts with the point mentioned
as shopping at the tenth place. Shopping has now become one of the
most pleasing things to do using the internet. Whenever you find time,
just visit the concerned websites and order the items that you need
from there.

13. List the differences among database, data warehouses and

data mining.
Database
Used for Online Transactional Processing (OLTP) but can be used for other
purposes such as Data Warehousing. This records the data from the user for
history.
The tables and joins are complex since they are normalized (for RDMS). This
is done to reduce redundant data and to save storage space.
i.

Entity Relational modeling techniques are used for RDMS database

design.
ii.
Optimized for write operation.
iii.
Performance is low for analysis queries.
Data Warehouse
Used for Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). This reads the historical data
for the Users for business decisions.
The Tables and joins are simple since they are de-normalized. This is done to
reduce the response time for analytical queries.

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

i.
ii.
iii.

Data Modeling techniques are used for the Data Warehouse design.
Optimized for read operations.
High performance for analytical queries.
Is usually a Database.
Data mining
Data mining is a method for comparing large amounts of data for the
purpose of finding patterns.
Data mining is normally used for models and forecasting.
Data mining is the process of correlations, patterns by shifting through
large data repositories using pattern recognition techniques.

14. Define Electronic commerce as business process perspective.

Electronic commerce has been defined as a business process perspective,
explain briefly.

Communication: It is the ability to deliver products, services,

information, or payments via networks like the internet.
Interface: E-commerce means information and transaction exchange:
(Business to business, Business to consumer, Consumer to consumer,
and business to government.)
Business process: E-Commerce means activities that support
commerce electronically by networked connections. For Example
business processes like manufacturing and inventory etc.
Online: E commerce is an electronic environment that allows sellers to
buy and sell products, services, and information on the internet. The
Products may be physical like Cars, Computers, Books or services like
news or consulting.
Structure:

Ecommerce deals with various media: data, text, video, web pages, and
internet telephony.

Market: E-commerce is a worldwide network. A local store can open a

web storefront and find the world at doorstep- customers, suppliers,
competitors, and payments services, Of course, an advertising
presence is essential.

15. Differentiate pure e-commerce from partial e-commerce with

example(s).
A. Pure e-commerce:
When the agent significantly, and commodity concrete and practical
concrete, the type of trade will be purely traditional commerce.

When the proxy digital product, digital process, the kind of trade will
be purely electronic commerce.
For example, if you purchased software from Amazon, the type of ecommerce trade is purely because the company will send you the
software via the Internet or email.
Pure e-commerce is when everything happens on the internet.
For example: Buying music / movies on iTunes. In these case the
product and services are digital.
B. Partial e-commerce:
On the other hand, if one of the three factors has become digital and
more concrete, there will be a mix between traditional commerce and
electronic commerce. We call this mix: electronic commerce partial.
For example: if I bought a book from Amazon, the type of ecommerce trade is partial because the company will send you a book
on the mail.
Partial e-commerce is when a company will sell a good through the
internet but the fulfillment of the good will need to take place in the
"real" world.
For example: buying a book on Amazon, they will have to send it to
you physically.

16. What is needed to start an e-commerce site?

Electronic commerce (e-commerce), the process of selling your products
and services online, is a golden opportunity for budding entrepreneurs. Many
new businesses launch exclusively online as its an easy way to reap the
benefits of sales, to have more control over operations and reach both a UKwide and international customer base.
With that being said, Startups has produced a step-by-step guide on how to
create an effective e-commerce website for an affordable price with advice
from leading experts within the space.

E-commerce website checklist

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

Register your domain name

Purchase a web hosting server
Purchase shopping cart software
Design your e-commerce website
Choose an e-commerce payments system
Ensure your e-commerce site is easy to navigate and (ideally)
optimized for mobile devices
Create a marketing strategy for your e-commerce site

The explanation has been given below:

1) Domain name
Once youve identified the product or service you want to sell online,
choosing a domain name for your site is essential. A domain name is your
web address on the internet and the first step to setting up a website. Make
sure your domain name reflects your business and is both memorable and
easy to spell, so that visitors can find your website with ease.
2) Web hosting
You will need a place to host your website which will need to be compatible with
your shopping cart software (see next page). A website host is a computer or set of
computers which stores all of your website data and then when someone visits your
domain, forwards the visitor to the hosting computer; known as the server.
3) Shopping cart software
This is a key component of your e-commerce site as the shopping cart allows site
visitors to store items before they commit to buying them, gathering up items in the
same way as an actual shopping basket or trolley would. This tool gives your
customer flexibility and a better online shopping experience.

For an effective shopping cart script you must have website wizards,
shopping features, payment options, shipping and tax configurations,
statistics and security.

4) E-commerce website design

You will need to decide whether you want to design your e-commerce site
yourself or choose a web designer or design company to develop your
website.

5) E-commerce payments
To accept and handle payments through your e-commerce website you will
need an e-commerce payments system which will accept electronic
payments for online transactions. You can either open a merchant account
with your bank to receive online payments through credit or debit cards or
you can use a payments processing company, such as PayPal or World Pay,
to handle the payments for you.
6) Marketing your e-commerce website
Once youve created your e-commerce website and its up and running, you
will need to spread the word to attract customers. Make use of banner
ads, search engine optimization (SEO), pay per-click advertising (PPC) and
pop-ups to drive traffic to your site.

17. Show and briefly explain the steps of Internet shopping

procedure.
Simple steps to online shopping as follows:
1. Choose your time slot
2. Start shopping
3. Select your payment type
4. Amend your order
5. Receive your shopping
6. We take payment after delivery, based on the exact items accepted
Above presented points has been explained briefly in below:
1. Choose your time slot
The earliest time slot available is next day delivery. Choose your 2 hour time
slot from the booking table. The price of the delivery will be clearly shown in
the table and will be added to the total guide price.

2. Start shopping
Find the products you want by browsing through categories, typing keywords
into the search bar or by viewing products on promotion and in your
favorites. Add the required quantity of each item into your shopping trolley,
and the trolley will total up the guide price.
3. Select your payment type
Select from online payment or pay at the door by credit or debit card. Online
payment will not be taken from your account until after you have received
your delivery.
4. Amend your order
Once you have placed your order, you can amend your order, adding or
deleting items up until 11pm on the night before your delivery.
5. Receive your shopping
Your delivery will be brought to you in a temperature controlled van, by a
Tesco employee. The bags will be carried into your preferred room in your
home if this is required and you can check every item to make sure your
order is complete and to ensure freshness. If items were not available, the
driver will bring substitutions which you can choose to keep or return. You
will only be charged for the items that you receive.
6. We take payment after delivery, based on the exact items
accepted
We recommend that you check your delivery against your order confirmation
email. If you chose to pay at the door by card, your driver will process this
based on the exact items that were delivered. Online payments will be taken
by the end of your delivery day, based on the exact items that were
delivered. Please read the information about guide price to understand why
there may be a slight difference between the guide price on your order
confirmation email and the final amount charged.
18. What are the instruments can use to pay online?
There has so many instruments to payment for online shopping or
transaction. Such as:

Electronic funds transfer (EFT): EFT involves electronic transfer of

money by financial institutions.
Payment cards: They contain stored financial value that can be
transferred from the customer's computer to the businessman's
computer.
Credit cards: They are the most popular method used in EPSs and are
used by charging against the customer credit.
Smart cards: They include stored financial value and other important
personal and financial information used for online payments.
Electronic money (e-money/e-cash): This is standard money
converted into an electronic format to pay for online purchases.
Online payment: This can be used for monthly payment for Internet,
phone bills, etc.
Electronic wallets (e-wallets): They are similar to smart cards as
they include stored financial value for online payments.
Micro-payment systems: They are similar to e-wallets in that they
include stored financial value for online payments; on the other hand,
they are used for small payments, such as korus in Turkey .
Electronic gifts: They are one way of sending electronic currency or
gift certificates from one individual to another. The receiver can spend
these gifts in their favorite online stores provided they accept this type
of currency.

19. What are customer services require for Internet consumers?

For the internet consumers, the customer services should be:
1. Speed
For many users, speed is the most important factor when considering ISPs.
Connection speed determines how much time it takes to perform various
tasks on the Internet, how long it takes to load images and whether audio
and video arrive in little bursts or stream in real time. In general, browsing
websites requires a lower connection speed than tasks like watching a video
or listening to audio files.
2. Upload speed:
When users send data from their computer to the Internet, the speed of the
transfer is called the upload speed.
3. Download speed:

When users receive data from the Internet to their computer, the speed of
the transfer is called
the download speed. Download speed is normally
many times faster than upload speed.
4. Services
The services provided by an ISP can vary greatly, with service offerings
based on pricing tiers, speed or business needs. Some companys offer the
same services to all of their customers, while others specialize in online
access only or specialty services like cloud storage and security software.

5. Residential:
Most ISPs offer service to homeowners or renters.
6. Commercial:
In general, ISPs usually offer different packages to commercial customers
such as corporations or nonprofit organizations.
7. Small Business:
While many ISPs lump small business customers together with other
commercial customers, some offer distinctive packages at a lower price to
small businesses.
8. Bundling:
Internet service providers that also offer telephone or television services
often offer bundled packages of multiple services at a discounted rate.

9. Support
There are many reasons why customers may need support, including slow
speeds, pages that won't load and unusual charges on their bills.
10.

Installation process:

The installation process is usually quick and efficient; many ISPs provide this
at little or no cost with a qualified contract. Each connection type has a
different installation process. For example, dialup usually does not require
any installation of hardware or software.
11.

Email, phone or chat support:

There are various ways to connect with each ISP support service, and some
are quicker and easier than others.
12.

Reliability

Reliability refers to both the signal, which is sometimes lost and has to
reconnect, and the speed, which varies greatly depending on usage. ISPs
that use dedicated lines, such as copper cables, fiber optics and DSL, are
very rarely completely unavailable.
13.

Connection quality:

A good Internet connection has strong signal strength, and outages are rare.
14.

Data caps:

Some ISPs cap data at a certain level each billing cycle; others allow
unlimited data usage.
15.

Availability

Not all Internet service providers are available in all areas of the country.
Customers should check with a provider to determine if coverage is an option
at their home or business address. Even within the same city, there are
different providers and package options according to zip codes.
16.

Coverage area:

Most areas have a limited number of ISPs available; some areas may only
have one or two.
Extra features
Often an ISP offers extra features for an additional cost; sometimes these
features are included free with any Internet plan.
17.

Anti-virus software:

Anti-virus software helps protect computers from malicious attacks from

other Internet users.
18.

Personal or business website:

Many providers offer services to help build and maintain personal or business
websites.
19.

Email address:

One or more email addresses are often included with the Internet service.
20.

Wi-Fi access:

Some ISPs offer unlimited Wi-Fi access through various hot spots across the
United States.

20. Identify the role of shopping cart for successful e-transaction.

There's a

Mountain

of

reasons

that

are

working

for

it. Since

the

Expansion of the Web, an even bigger opportunity of doing business

online- known

as

Ecommerce generated.

Hence because

of these

very new needs like online conversions and transactions, the online
businesses

have

further realized the

importance

of A Shopping

Cart

for their Online Stores. In an Online survey, some individuals were asked
why they preferred Shopping Online. It highlighted the following reasons:

Time Saving

73 %

More Variety

67 %

Easy to Compare
59 %
Prices
No Crowd

58 %

Lower Prices

55 %

Spend Less on
Gas

40 %

Less Taxes

30%

Advantages to the Customers.

(1) Convenience and Safety:
This is by far the most important reason of having a shopping cart installed
in your Online Store. This makes the handling of Payment Processes and
transactions a lot easier. In the absence of an E-shopping cart, the customers
wouldnt have a place to store and manage multiple items and would have to
order separately for every item they wish to buy, which only means
repeating the tedious buying process twice, thrice, or sometimes even more.
(2) Data Management - One Stop shop!
The main purpose of this Online shopping Cart is that it provides the
Customers to calculate easily what all they purchase whether it is goods or
services. An Online Shopping Cart contains not only Products but also
Customer Data. Also Features such as Credit Card Processing, Customer
Order History and Product Managements can also be used.
(3) Showcase Products - Online Shopping Window!
It gives the customers an instant access to the product details and the best
offers that are available at the moment. As the market is constantly evolving,
the Online shopping Cart gives the option of being flexible according to the
demand of the customers. A good shopping cart cater for the personal needs
of the customers improves the sites usability and makes online shopping a
pleasant experience for the customers.
(4) Easy Checkout Features- No Waiting in the Queue!
There is No Waiting/ Stalling or Bargaining required! There is absolutely No
Worry of the security in the payment modes because it is a lot safer and
convenient.
Advantages to the Ecommerce Business & the Owner:
(1) Statistics & Analytics:

The shopping cart software can organize the information for all successful
transactions .This further ensures that the Transaction run smoothly. It
enables the employer to deliver what the customers orders.
(2) SEO Friendly Carts:
Search engine optimization (SEO) is a crucial aspect of any online business
site. A good shopping cart can ensure maximum SEO-Juice follows into the
site, by automatically creating keyword-rich URLs for its products or
services.
(3) Business Performance Check:
A good-quality shopping cart offers rich features Like Product Catalog
Management and a a over-all simplified business management by producing
a wide set of reports to Monitor Regular Sales and provide Opportunities for
Customer Service.
(4) Discounting & Coupons:A good Shopping cart is enabled with
functionalities such as Back-End Marketing, Creating Wish-lists, Discount /
Sale coupons, Inventory Tracking, Up-selling,etc. Hence the Shopping carts
act as a Profit Medium between the payment processors and websites.

Broad Questions.
1. What is cooperative and competitive strategy?
A cooperative strategy in which firms combine some of their resources
and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. Involve firms with
some degree of exchange and sharing of resources and capabilities to codevelop, sell, and service goods or services.

Competitive strategies are the method by which you achieve a

competitive advantage in the market. There are typically three types of
competitive strategies that can be implemented. They are cost
leadership, differentiation and a focus strategy.
2. Describe the different types of banner advertising?
Banner advertising:
A rectangular graphic display that stretches across the top or bottom of a
website or down the right or left sidebar. The former type of banner
advertisement is called a leader board, while the latter is called a
skyscraper. Banner ads are image-based rather than text-based and are a
popular form of website advertising. The purpose of banner advertising is
to promote a brand and/or to get visitors from the host website to go to
the advertiser's website.
Types of Banner Advertising:
Static Banners: Known as the simplest type of banner, static banner
contains very simple graphic and texts. It takes a good designer to come
up with an effective static banner. The image and text chosen should not
just be attractive but also meaningful.
A. Flash Banners: This type of banner is animated and uses flash
technology. It employs animation, making it more realistic and
interactive
B. Animated Gif Banners: this type of banner is one of the most
powerful graphic design units considered as an old school way of
advertising.

3. What factors you should consider before choosing an Ecommerce suite?

Which system or combination of systems will be a best fit for your
organization can be determined by looking at the empirical evidence that
exists in your data, in keeping with your business goals for the future.
Today, well look at breaking down the key points that should be
considered when making your decision and the ways in which CMS
systems are progressing to meet the challenge of data-driven online
experiences.

a. Revenue from online channels

Organizations that post products online, but have decided against
providing online purchasing capabilities, will see little to no gain in
deploying an ecommerce solution, obviously. Much of the integration
complexity of ecommerce solutions is found in managing transactional
workflows. While the ability to manage a product catalog out of the box
may seem like an attractive feature, if your online revenue is a relatively
small share of your overall revenue, much of this can be replicated in your
CMS with consultation to be tailored to your product data needs.
On the flip side, if a significant portion of your revenue is driven by online
transactions, a CMS system may struggle to provide you with the tools
you need to present a comprehensive product-purchase-driven
experience. Ecommerce solutions are specifically designed to address the
complex processes involved in revenue transitions online, and because of
it, will take this cake every time.
b. Size of product catalog
Scalability is often cited as a positive aspect of a CMS. But this takes on a
different dimension when talking about a product catalog. If you are
working with a product database that contains millions of products that
are frequently updated, you would have to consider carefully the choice to
rely solely on a CMS. Whilst scalability is built into most CMSs, the process
of updating and publishing a large volume of products (especially at times
of the day when content authors are also active in the system) can be
problematic. There is also the matter of querying such a large product
database to take into account; performance must always be a
consideration, especially if a significant portion of your revenues come
from online channels (see the previous point). In such a circumstance,
having a dedicated ecommerce solution (or some sort of hybrid solution)
may be a better option.
c. Complexity of purchase process
One of the deciding factors to consider when implementing any system is
the amount of customization or reverse engineering required to make the
system work for you. By nature, most ecommerce solutions aim to provide
a somewhat generic shopping cart experience that applies to most
product types. If you are working with a highly customized, industry

specific purchase process you may be better off taking advantage of a

CMS that is built with the ability to customize in mind. And, of course,
there's always the hybrid option. If an ecommerce solution facilitates 90%
of the buying process, for example, but the other 10% is cost prohibitive
to customize, you may well find gains in integrating the ecommerce
solution with your CMS and letting the CMS fill in the gaps.

d. Nature of product discovery

The way your customers discover your products should also be considered
when deciding on the type of system that is best fit for your organization.
Products with long buying cycles and significant research periods backed
up by supporting content will need to be supported by a system that
allows content marketers to personalize and track a site visitors activity
over time, in order to encourage the buying process at the right moment
and maintain engagement with the customer over a longer period.
e. Frequency of marketing campaigns
Ecommerce platforms have one job to do and they do it very well. They
are also judged by a common stakeholder, the guy who tracks the
numbers. On the other hand, a CMS typically has many stakeholders
interacting with the system, generally those in the marketing or
communications department.
f. Richness of content
A product-centric content model will often be well served by the data
model supplied by an ecommerce solution. This data model could contain
information like:

Product number
Thumbnail
Stock levels
Description

While a CMS does have the capability to be a viable candidate for this
type of data model, it is more attuned to a rich and immersive content
model. A rich and immersive content model could include things like:
Multiple media channels i.e. ad servers, video providers

 Personalization i.e. adaptive components and related information

based on the user profile
A/B testing

4. Silos or APIs?
Many web applications are self-serving, and by self-serving I mean they have
a single goal to achieve and a single endpoint. Think of the classic
ecommerce site: you manage and publish your product database, you
manage online transactions and you report on the results. Mobile devices
and responsive web design also fall into this self-serving category, as they
too share a single goal.
Travel companies that repurpose content to support mobile applications for
inspirational search experiences
Publishing houses with print operations that repurpose content or product
data for offline publications
Organizations that publish online newsletters that combine product
information with specialized content, personalized content.
5. Describe the classification of e-commerce by the nature of
transactions.
E-commerce is the process of buying and selling of various products and
services by businesses through the Internet.
Classification of E-commerce by the nature of transactions:
Business to Consumer (B2C): B2C stands for Business to Consumer
as the name suggests, it is the model taking businesses and
consumers interaction. Online business sells to individuals. The basic
concept of this model is to sell the product online to the consumers.
Business to Business (B2B): B2B stands for Business to Business. It
consists of largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that Buyer
and seller are two different entities. It is similar to manufacturer issuing
goods to the retailer or wholesaler.
Consumer to Consumer (C2C): C2C stands for Consumer to
Consumer. It helps the online dealing of goods or services among
people. Though there is no major parties needed but the parties will

not fulfill the transactions without the program which is supplied by the
online market dealer.
Peer to Peer (P2P): is a discipline that deal itself which assists
people to instantly shares related computer files and computer sources
without having to interact with central web server.
6. Define protocol with example(s).
Protocol is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of
a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of
a physical quantity. These are the rules or standard that defines
the syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and
possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented
by hardware, software, or a combination of both

7. Which protocol does handle Internet Communication?

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic
communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be
used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an
intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the
Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program
just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get
information from also has a copy of TCP/IP. TCP/IP is a two-layer
program. The higher layer, Transmission Control Protocol, manages the
assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are
transmitted over the Internet and received by a TCP layer that
reassembles the packets into the original message. The lower layer,
Internet Protocol, handles the address part of each packet so that it
gets to the right destination. Each gateway computer on the network
checks this address to see where to forward the message.
8. What are the similarities and differences between ASP and
JSP?
Difference

ASP

JSP

Full Form

Active Server Pages

Java

Server Pages
Language

Server Side Scripting

Language

Server Side
Scripting Language

Server

IIS
(Internet Information Server)

Apache
Tomcat

Family

.Net

Java

Database

MS SQL or
you can connect it through
ADO (ActiveX data object) to
any database.

You can
connect it to any data base
with the help of drivers
(library).

Programming
and Scripting
Language

Visual
Basic language

Java

Owners

Microsoft

Oracle

Launched in

2002 by
Microsoft

1999 by
Sun Microsystems

Components

COM
component

Java Beans
and extensible JSP tags

Compatible with
database

Yes
(using
COM)

Yes
(using
JDBC)

Integrate
with
Data Source

ODBC
compliant database

ODBC
JDBC compliant database

Extensive
Support

Yes

Yes

Platforms

Microsoft
Windows

Run
in
Platform
or
independent.

Maintenance

Difficult

Easy

Security

Low

High

Tool

and

Any
platform

Security against
system crashes

No

Yes

Memory
Protection

No

Yes

Customizable
Tags

No

Yes

Cost

High

Free

Leak

9. What is search engine? Discuss its historical development

A program that searches for and identifies items in a database that
correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used
especially for finding particular sites on the World Wide Web.
A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web.

10.
Identify different security requirements for safe epayments.
E-commerce security is the protection of e-commerce assets from
unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction.
A medium of payment between remote buyers and sellers in cyberspace:
electronic cash, software wallets, smart cards, credit/debit cards.
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS

Authentication of merchant and consumer

Confidentiality of data
Integrity of data
Non-repudiation

12. Describe the pros and cons of secret key encryption and public
key encryption and their complementary use.
Pros and Cons of Public-key Systems.
Public-key systems have a clear advantage over symmetric algorithms: there
is no need to agree on a common key for both the sender and the receiver.
As seen in the previous example, if someone wants to receive an encrypted
message, the sender only needs to know the receiver's public key (which the
receiver will provide; publishing the public key in no way compromises the
secure transmission). Another important advantage is that, unlike symmetric
algorithms, public-key systems can guarantee integrity and authentication,
not only privacy. The basic communication seen above only guarantees
privacy. We will shortly see how integrity and authentication fit into publickey systems.
The main disadvantage of using public-key systems is that they are not as
fast as symmetric algorithms. Public key algorithms are powerful but this, in
turn, adds a computation cost. The amount of Computation needed in public
key algorithms is typically several orders of magnitude more than the
amount of computation needed for symmetric key algorithms.
Private Key (secret key),
In cryptography, a private or secret key is an
encryption/decryption key known only to the party or parties that exchange
secret messages. In traditional secret key cryptography, a key would be
shared by the communicators so that each could encrypt and decrypt
messages. The risk in this system is that if either party loses the key or it is
stolen, the system is broken. A more recent alternative is to use a
combination of public and private keys. In this system, a public key is used
together with a private key. See public key infrastructure (PKI) for more
information.

13. Describe how online website operations can be protected from

hackers.
In addition to regularly backing up your files (which you should already be
doing, for various reasons), taking the following three easy steps will help to
keep your website safe:

Step #1 Keep platforms and scripts up-to-date: One of the best things you
can do to protect your website is to make sure any platforms or scripts
youve installed are up-to-date. Because many of these tools are created as
open-source software programs, their code is easily available both to goodintentioned developers and malicious hackers.
Step #2 Install security plug-in, when possible: To enhance the security of
your website once your platform and scripts are up-to-date, look into security
plug-in that actively prevent against hacking attempts.
Step #3 Lock down your directory and file permissions: All websites can be
boiled down to a series of files and folders that are stored on your web
hosting account. Besides containing all of the scripts and data needed to
make your website work, each of these files and folders is assigned a set of
permissions that controls who can read, write, and execute any given file or
folder, relative to the user they are or the group to which they belong.

14. What is the role of a firewall?

A firewall is a term used for a ``barrier'' between a network of machines and
users that operate under a common security policy and generally trust each
other, and the outside world. In recent years, firewalls have become
enormously popular on the Internet. In large part, this is due to the fact that
most existing operating systems have essentially no security, and were
designed under the assumption that machines and users would trust each
other.
There are two basic reasons for using a firewall at present: to save money in
concentrating your security on a small number of components, and to
simplify the architecture of a system by restricting access only to machines
that trust each other. Firewalls are often regarded as some as an irritation
because they are often regarded as an impediment to accessing resources.
This is not a fundamental flaw of firewalls, but rather is the result of failing to
keep up with demands to improve the firewall.

15. Outside firewall, what are the major technologies used to ensure
Internet security?
Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to
the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security on a
more general level as it applies to other applications or operating systems on
a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against
attacks over the Internet.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Network layer security

Internet Protocol Security (IP Sec)
Security token
Electronic mail security
Background
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Message Authentication Code

16. What is price transparency? Why is it an important concept for

e-marketer to understand?
Price transparency is the ability to know all of the bid prices, ask prices, and
trading quantities for a given stock, goods, or service at any point in time.
Price transparency is a Situation where both the seller and the buyer know
the price, and no intermediary is involved.
The accessibility of information on the order flow for a particular stock,
allowing knowledge of the quantities of stock being offered and the bids at
the various price levels.
17. List the main factors that put forward pressures on price for
Internet channel.

18. Write short notes of the following:(i) Electric Market;

(ii) VPN;
(iii)Smart Cards;
(iv) Merchant Server.

Electric Market: Electronic markets (or electronic marketplaces) are

information systems (IS) which are used by multiple separate organizational
entities within one or among multiple tiers in economic value chains.
Virtual, online environment (a website, for example) that allows individuals or
firms to conduct business electronically.
VPN: VPN, or virtual private network, is a network that is constructed by
using public wires usually the Internet to connect to a private network,
such as a company's internal network. There are a number of systems that
enable you to create networks using the Internet as the medium for
transporting data.
Smart Cards: A plastic card with a built-in microprocessor, used typically
for electronic processes such as financial transactions and personal
identification.
Plastic card with embedded microprocessor chip, electronic memory, and
a battery. Used for information storage and management and authentication,
it looks like, works like, and is of the same size as a bank or credit card but
may not have a magnetic stripe on its back. Of the several types of smart
cards, some are contact-less (do not require to be swiped through
a magnetic stripe reader) whereas others require contact with the reader
Merchant Server: merchant server. Also known as a "commerce server,"
it is a server in a network that handles online purchases and credit card
transactions. The term may refer to the entire computer system or just the
software that provides this service.

19. Define Protocol. Briefly describe the common Internet protocols.

The official procedure or system of rules governing affairs of state or
diplomatic occasions.
"Protocol forbids the prince from making any public statement in his
defense"

The original draft of a diplomatic document, especially of the terms of a

treaty agreed to in conference and signed by the parties.
In information technology, a protocol is the special set of rules that end
points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate.
Protocols specify interactions between the communicating entities.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) suite

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DNS (Domain Name System)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)
IMAP4 (Internet Message Access Protocol version 4)
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) - VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) - VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
SNMP2/3 (Simple Network Management Protocol version 2 or 3)
SSH (Secure Shell)
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Telnet
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
TLS (Transport Layer Security)
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)