CE 6302 Mechanics of Solids

2 marks questions and answers

Unit I Stress and Strain
Stress and strain at a point
Define stress
The force of resistance offered by a body against the deformation is called the stress.
What are the three types of stresses?
i. Normal stress (a) Tensile stress
(b) Compressive stress
ii. Tangential stress
iii. Bending stress
Define Hookes law.
Stress is proportional to strain within elastic limit.
Define elasticity of a material.
Elasticity is the property by virtue of which a material deformed under the load is enabled to
return to its original dimension when the load is removed.
Define plasticity.
A material in plastic state is permanently deformed by the application of load, and it has no
tendency to recover.
Define isotropic material.
If elastic properties are equal in all directions, it is said to be isotropic material.
Define factor of safety.
Factor of safety is defined as the ratio of ultimate stress to permissible stress.
What is the elongation of a uniformly tapering bar of circular cross section with
diameter d1 at one end and d2 at the other end due to constant force P ?

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A.
7.
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8.

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A. The elongation of tapering bar of circular section , =

4
;
1 2

where L = length of the bar

Pr

ep

and E = Youngs modulus.

9. A round bar of steel tapers uniformly from a diameter of 2.5 cm to 3.5 cm in length of 50
cm. If an axial force of 60000 N is applied at each end, determine the elongation of the
bar. Take E=205 kN/mm2.
4
1 2

A. Elongation of the tapering bar of circular section, =

460103 500

=205103 2535 = 0.213.

10. A flat steel plate is of trapezoidal form of uniform thickness of 10 mm and tapers
uniformly from a width 50 mm to 100 mm in a length of 400 mm. Determine the
elongation of the plate under an axial force of 50 kN at each end. Take E=2.05x105
N/mm2.

ln 2
2 1 )
1
50103 400
100
ln 50
2.05105 10(10050)

A. Extension of the tapering bar of rectangular section, = (

=

=0.1352 mm.

11. A bar of uniform cross section is suspended from a ceiling. Write the elongation of the
bar due to its own self weight.

A. Elongation due to self-weight, = 2

or

2
;
2

where w = self weight, L=Length of

the bar, A = Cross sectional area of the bar, E = Youngs modulus and = unit weight of the
material =

12. Write the elongation of a bar of uniformly tapering section due to self-weight.
2
,
6

A. =

where is unit weight of the material.

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13. What is principle of superposition?

A. When a structural member is subjected to a number of forces not only at the ends, but also at
intermediate points along its length, the resulting strain will be equal to the algebraic sum of
the strains caused by individual forces.
14. Define Poissons ratio.
A. Ratio of lateral strain to linear strain is called Poissons ratio.
15. Write the maximum value of Poissons ratio.
A. 0.5.
16. Define axial rigidity.
A. Axial rigidity is defined as ratio of unit stress to unit strain within elastic limit.
17. Define shear modulus
A. Ratio of shear stress to shear strain is called shear modulus.
18. Define bulk modulus.
A. Ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain is called bulk modulus.

19. Write the relationship between Youngs modulus, Bulk modulus and Poissons ratio.
2

A. = 3 (1 ) ; where E = Youngs modulus, K = bulk modulus and is Poissons ratio.

by

20. Write the relationship between modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity and Poissons
ratio.
1

ar
ed

A. = 2 (1 + ) ; where E = Youngs modulus, C = modulus of rigidity and is Poissons

ep

ratio.
21. Write the relationship between three elastic constants E, C and K, Where E is youngs
modulus, C is shear modulus and K is bulk modulus.
9

Pr

A. E=3+

22. Write the relationship between the elastic constants

A.

32
6+2

, K and C.

23. If the modulus of elasticity of a material is 2x105 N/mm2 and m=3, the modulus of
rigidity is -------.
1

A. = 2 (1 + )
C=

1
2(1+ )

2105
1
3

2(1+ )

= 0.75*105 N/mm2.

24. If the strains in three mutual perpendicular directions are ex, ey and ez; what is the value
of volumetric strain?
A. Volumetric strain, ev = ex + ey + ez .

25. What is the value of volumetric strain if the Poissons ratio is 0.5.
A. Volumetric strain, ev = ex + ey + ez = 3

{1 2 ()} = 3

{1 2 (0.5)} = 0.

26. A bar of circular section is subjected to normal stress p, write the expression for
volumetric strain.
A. Volumetric strain, ev =

{1 2 ()}

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by

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27. Define thermal stress.

A. When a material undergoes changes in temperature, its length is varied and if the material is
free to do so, no stresses are developed. If the material is constrained so that no change in
length is permissible, stresses are developed in the material. The stress so developed is known
as temperature stress and may be tensile or compressive depending upon the whether the
contraction is checked or extension is checked.
28. A bar of steel is held between rigid supports at the ends. When the bar is subjected to an
increase in temperature, what is the nature of stress induced in the bar?
A. Compressive stress.
Reason: whenever temperature is increased bar will try to expand free. But the bar is held
between rigid supports. The rigid supports dont allow the bar to expand. For the equilibrium
of the system, the compressive stress is induced in the bar.
29. A compound cylinder consisting of steel core and copper shell (both of same length) are
brazed together at the ends. When the temperature is raised, state the nature of stress
induced in copper and steel.
A. The stress induced in steel is tensile.
The stress induced in copper is compressive.
30. A rod of 2 m long at 10 0C. Find the expansion of the rod when the temperature is raised
to 80 0C, where =0.000012/ 0C.
A. Expansion due to temperature rise = tL =0.000012*70*2000 = 1.68 mm.
31. A rod is 2 m long at 10 0C. If the expansion is prevented, find the stress in the material
when the temperature is raised to 80 0C. Take E=1*105 N/mm2 and =0.000012/ 0C.
A. Temperature stress = tE = 0.000012*70*1*105 = 84 N/mm2.
32. Define compound bar
A. A structural member, composed of two or more elements of different materials rigidly
connected together at their ends to form a parallel arrangement and subjected to axial loading
is termed as compound bar.
33. Write the equations for a compound bar of two materials rigidly connected and are
arranged parallel to each other.
A. Equilibrium equation, P1 + P2 = P

Compatibility equation, 1 1 = 2 2
1 1

2 2

Thin Cylinders and Shells

1. Distinguish between thin walled cylinder and thick walled cylinder.
A. For a thin cylinder

20;
1

For thick cylinder 20, where t=thickness and d= diameter of cylinder.

2. Write the expression for longitudinal stress in a thin cylindrical vessel due to internal
pressure p

A. Longitudinal stress, f0 = 4 , where d= diameter and t= thickness of the cylinder.

3. Write the expression for hoop stress in a thin cylindrical vessel due to internal pressure
p
A. Hoop stress, f =

A.

, and hence, 2

1.61200
2100

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4. A seamless pipe of 1.2 m diameter is to carry fluid under a pressure of 1.6 N/mm 2.
Taking the permissible stress in the metal as 100 N/mm2, determine the thickness of the
metal required.

9.6 , Hence keep t=10 mm.

5. Write the expression for the volumetric strain of a thin cylinder by considering internal
pressure p.

A. Volumetric strain, ev=2 (2 ) +

D
r.P

Strain energy

Pr

ep

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by

1. Define strain energy (or) define resilience.

A. When a body is stressed within elastic limit the amount of strain energy stored is called
resilience or strain energy.
2. Define the term proof resilience.
A. When a body is stressed up to elastic limit the maximum amount of strain energy stored is
called proof resilience.
3. Define modulus of resilience.
A. Proof resilience per unit volume is called modulus of resilience.
4. Write the expression for strain energy stored in an axially loaded bar.
2

A. Strain energy due to axial force =2 , where S= axial force in the bar, L = length, A= cross
section area and E= modulus of elasticity of the bar.
5. What is the maximum stress in the uniform bar when it is suddenly loaded axially?
A. Maximum stress due to sudden axial load, f =

2
,

where W = sudden axial load, A = bar cross

sectional area
6. A rod is subjected to a gradually applied load which produces a normal stress of 10
N/mm2. If the same load is suddenly applied, the normal stress is --------------.
A. Due to sudden load the stress, f =

=2 *10 = 20 N/mm2.

7. Write the equation for stress induced in a body by the application of load with impact.
A. Stress due to impact load, f=

+ ( ) + 2 ( ) , where h= load falling height