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Sigmund Freud
Founder of Classic Psychoanalysis
Unconscious factors determine the shape of
symptoms, thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
Neurologist (Neuroanatomy/Neurology)
Born on May 6, 1856 in Friedburg
Jewish wool merchant father
Studied in Paris with Jean-Martin Charcot
o Charcot developed the term La Belle
Indifference
Taught hypnotism by Ambroise-August Liebault
and Hippolyte-Marie Bemheim
Worked in Vienna with hysterical patients
Bertha Pappenheim Anna O
Treated patient with hypnosis in conjugation with
cathartic method
Abreaction
o removal of symptoms through a process of
recovering and undertaking suppressed
feelings with which the symptoms are
associated.
1887-1897 development of psychoanalysis
Basic concepts:
o Deterministic
All behaviors have meanings and a
discoverable cause
o Dynamic
Analyzes the flow of psychic energy
o Developmental
Personality develops through a series of
alterable stages.
Freuds Topographical Level of the Mind
Three Levels of Awareness
o Conscious Mind
We are aware of at any moment
Current thinking processes and attention to
objects
Constitutes a very large part of our current
awareness
Perceptions are brought to awareness
Communicated only by language or behavior
A form of neutralized energy called attention
cathexis
Where persons are aware of an idea or
feeling due to discrete amounts of psychic
energy or feeling
o Preconscious mind
Which we are able to be aware of if we
attend to them
Can be deliberately brought to the conscious
mind
Mental events can be brought to awareness
by focusing attention
The repressive barrier
Censors unacceptable wishes
levels of awareness
oThree
Subconscious
or Unconscious Mind
o We
Conscious
are mind
unaware of and cannot become
Weof
areexcept
aware ofunder
at any moment
aware
special circumstances
Process
and
content
areand
out
of direct
Current
thinking
processes
attention
to reach
of the
conscious mind
objects
Thinks
and acts
interdependently
Constitutes
a very
large part of our current
Dynamic
censorship and repression
awareness
related
o Closely
Preconscious
mind instinctual drives
Primary
Whichprocess
we can bethinking
aware of if we attend to them
Can be deliberately
brought
conscious wish
Principally
aimed
at to the
facilitating
fulfillments
and instinctual discharge
mind
provide
motivation
o Wishes
Subconscious
or unconscious
mind for dream and
neurotic
syndrome
We are
unaware of formation
and cannot be aware of
Governed
by pleasure
principle (similar to
except under
special circumstances
ID but
isntand
thecontent
same)
Process
are out of direct reach of
the conscious mind
Freuds Personality
Structure
Thinks and acts
independently
Freuds Personality Structure
Conscious
Unconscious
ID
S
U
P
E
R
E
G
O
Conscious
Unconscious
Super
I
I
f
C
I
e
I
f
Struc
T
w
b
c
r
l
Instin
T
f
E
E
w
T
p
T
c
rainwa
The
conscience
develops
out
of
the
punishments
irritation
ents
2)
Primary
process:
forming
an
image
the parents apply to the childs behaviorof an object
previously associated with satisfaction of a drive
onjunction with cathartic
shape of symptoms,
people
Relations:
o Secondary processes
d
Ego and the Id(perception, recognition, judgment, and memory)
o Transition from the topographical model of the
mind to Superego
the tripartite structural model of ego,
Incapable of much reality-testing
moment
id, and superego
aims to suppress the ids impulses and prevents the ego
es and attention to
Superego vs. ItEgo
Ideal
from attempting to satisfy the id
o
Ego
Ideal
art of our current
Counterbalances the id, particularly in sex and aggression
PrescribesIt seeks
what
a person
should
do of psychic
to prevent
pleasure
(the expression
o Superego energy). Even the thought of an impulse can produce guilt
of if we attend to them
Dictates what
should
not
do goals and
It seeksatoperson
persuade the
ego to seek
moralistic
Structure of Personality
mind
Structure of the Personality
unconscious
annot be awareofThe id is totally
The id is totally unconscious
while the ego
resides
umstances
while the ego resides both
within
out of direct reachwithin
of
the preconscious
both the preconscious and
and the
dently
S
U
P
E
R
E
G
Conscious
Unconscious
S
U
P
E
R
E
G
O
Conscious
Ego
Preconscious
Ego
Subconscious
Id
Instincts
The law of the conservation of energy applies to the
functioning of personality.
Each person has a limited amount of energy.
Energy tends to accumulate over time, creating tension
The Un
Dy
Cl
P
o
W
sy
Go
The Id
Re
La
No
Freuds
Three c
Eg
o
o
Psychic Apparatus
Id
Superego
o
o
Ego
Basic
Tenets
of
Freuds
Psychoanalytic
Basic
Tenets of Freuds Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
Psychodynamic
Approach (impact on psychiatric
Approach
and psychotherapeutic practice)
(impact on psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice)
o
o
o
o
Adult 1.
personality
determined
Notionis of
psychicby:
determination
Unconscious
mental activity
1.2. Notion
of psychic determination
Role of childhood
experience
2.3. Unconscious
mental activity
3. Role of childhood experience
Method of Investigation
Additional Notes:
Beginnings of Psychoanalysis
Interpretation
Joseph Breuer of Dreams:
Dreams
disguised
fulfillment of an
Bertha
Pappenheim Anna
O
unconscious
childhood
wish
Treated patient with hynopsis in conjuction with cathartic
Manifest Content what is recalled
method
Latent content unconscious thoughts and
abreaction - remove symptoms through a process of
wishes that awakens the dream
recovering and undertaking suppressed feelings with
which the symptoms were associated
The Conscious
Perceptions are brought to awareness
Subjective phenomenon
Communicated only by language or behavior
Attention cathexis a form of neutralized psychic energy
o A person was aware of a particular idea or feeling as a
Su
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o