Research 1 Final Prep

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1.

Threats to
internal validity
(that a design is
flawed and
cannot show
causality)

7 major threats, including selection bias,

mortality, independent change
(maturation, regression), instrument
decay, contamination, history

2.

Statistical
regression to the
mean

Subjects who score lower than the mean

pre-test are likely to do better post-test; if
they scored high the first time they will
probably do worse the next time

3.

History

External events that influence results, like

bad weather affecting data collection

4.

Surveys are...

Collecting people's opinions and thoughts

5.

Design for indepth

qualitative
research

Case study, with multiple interviews

6.

Four types of
surveys

Mail, phone, in-person, electronic

(internet and email)

7.

Best kind of
survey for oncampus or senior
citizen research

Campus - electronic, since students are

mostly found online; seniors, in-person

Concerns when
drawing a
sample

Bias, so use random sample

9.

Study design for

investigating a
culture or
community with
little existing
data

Participant observation (involves

developing sustained relationships with
people as they go about their normal
activities)

10.

Laud Humphrey

Served as a "Watch Queen" for men who

participated in homosexual behavior in
public facilities for his book "Tearoom
Trade"

11.

Statistical model
consists of these
three factors

Independent variable, dependent

variable, and ERROR

12.

Purpose and
makeup of group
design

Two groups for comparison

13.

Gold standard of
evaluation
design

Experimental design

14.

Difference
between
experimental
and quasiexperimental

Experimental: both control and

experimental groups are both random;
quasi-experimental: not completely
random (e.g. representative, selected to
match a certain population demographic)

8.

15.

Proper design (data

collection tool) for
researching
community with very
little data about them

In-depth interviewing

16.

What to do before
performing a full scale
survey

Pretest or pilot to test questions etc.

17.

Dillman method of
survey

Include a postcard, maximum 7

pages, three mailings, canary yellow
paper, institutional letterhead

18.

Double barrel
question

Incorporates two questions in one,

so the researcher won't know which
question the respondent as
answering

19.

Maturation

Changes to outcomes over long

periods of times might result from
subjects maturing - age, experience,
knowledge; Threatens internal
validity

20.

To demonstrate
causality

Nonspurious (result not caused by a

different variable, e.g. eating more
ice cream is correlated with
increased crime, but both are
associated with hotter weather)

21.

When doing
qualitative research,
the most important
concern of the
researcher is too

Enter and exit the field carefully

(establish ties, permission, no splash,
closure)