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DIGITAL CARRIER
MODULATION
Dr. Ing. S. Zammit
Contents
BPSK, BFSK
demodulation of BPSK
Non-coherent & coherent demodulation of BASK
Non-coherent & coherent demodulation of BFSK
M-ary Modulation
M-ary
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ASK Modulation
BPSK Modulation
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FSK
Message is bipolar
In Binary FSK the carrier Frequency switches between F1 and F2
The spectrum is large due to the large bandwidth of the message signal
Filtering message in reduces the bandwidth of message and PSK out
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Spectrum
FSK Spectrum
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BPSK Demodulation
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ASK Demodulation
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M-PSK
M-ASK
M-FSK
M-Ary QAM
M-PSK
Q-PSK
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M-ASK
M-FSK
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M-ary QAM
QAM Constellation
1) When two shifted cos(ct) and sin(ct) signals are added they create a
sinusoidal signal with amplitude ri and phase shift i.
2) If both m1(t) and m2(t) use 4-ary modulation a constellation diagram results see (b).
3) In general with m-ary modulation b= 2log2(m) bits represented.
4) There are then 2b constellation points.
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QPSK - Encoder
b =a1a2
QPSK - Demodulation
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M-PSK
8-PSK
16-QAM Constellation
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