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1 Introduction
The purpose of this document is to illustrate the link budget principle and at the same
time provide detailed introduction to certain fundamental link budget parameters.
Input Data
End
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2.1
Link Budget is the first step for radio network dimensioning. For an actual radio
access network, the effective coverage of eNode B depends on not only the coverage
environment but also the TX power and Rx sensitivity of eNode B and UE. Since the
properties of eNode B and UE are different from each other considerably, the actual
permitted uplink and downlink path loss vary too. Because the actual effective
coverage range will depend on the lower value of them, it is necessary to calculate the
permitted maximum allowable propagation path loss of both uplink and downlink.
Some MAPL uplink budget parameters are briefly illustrated in Figure 2.1.1
UPLINK BUDGET
Other Gain
UE Antenna Gain
Interference margin
Margin
Loss
Body Loss
UE Transmit Power
(e.g. 23dBm)
AntennaGain
Penetration Loss
Pa
th
Lo
ss
Path Loss
Cable Loss
Node B Antenna Gain
CableLoss
NodeB
Sensitivity
Penetration
Loss
(e.g. -119dBm)
The Maximum Path loss (MAPL) of downlink and uplink can be described by the
formulas below:
MAPL EIRP(dBm) - 10 Log10 (12 N RB ) - Rx Sensitivit y Composite (dBm)
AntGain(dB i) CableLoss (dB) BodyLoss (dB) IM (dB) - PeneLoss(d B) - SFM(dB) HHOGain(dB )
Where:
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Cable Loss
The cable loss value depends on the cable length, cable thickness and frequency
band. The cable Loss for downlink at eNode B side is also related with TMA used or
not.
For Marco cell with TMA in use
CableLoss( DL) CableLength Loss100/10 0 JumperLoss AnttoTMA JumperLoss TMAtoBS InsertLoss TMA ;
800MHz
2100MHz
2500MHz
1/2"
6.456
10.961
12.09
1/2"
10.431
18.137
20.11
7/8"
3.325
5.678
6.27
7/8"
3.676
6.246
6.89
5/4"
2.465
4.342
4.828
13/8"
2.193
3.798
4.208
Re ceiverSensitivity ThermalNoise E S / N 0 N f
The Receiver sensitivity subcarrier is:
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2.2.3 Es/NoSINR
Es/No is the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio as experienced by the detector.
The factors Impact Es/No including:
1. Radio Environment (e.g. ETU3)
2. Frequency Band (e.g. 2600MHz)
3. MCS, MCS= Code bits *Code rate.
4. RB (Resource Block) number
5. BLER (e.g. 10%)
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around 8dB which is smaller than building penetration loss, building penetration loss
rather than vehicular penetration loss is usually included in link budget process.
Coverage Probability:
P COVERAGE (x) = P [F(x) > Fthreshold ]
Probability Density
SFM required
Without SFM
With SFM
F threshold
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Applicable Range
Band:2.5/3.5/5.8GHz, Antenna height 10~80m
Cost231Hata Model
Cost231-WI Model
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Okumura-Hata Model
SPM Model
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