Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

TITLE: SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF LRT LINE 1 MONUMENTO-5TH AVENUE

CARRIEGWAY PIER USING FRAGILITY CURVE
PROPONENTS: Abasolo, Patrick B., Bilayon, Edgar John A., Cunanan, Edsel John V.,
De Leon, Paul Daniel C., Soriano, Raymond Patrick N.
KEYWORDS: Assessment, Fragility Curves, Intensity, Pushover Analysis, Time-History
Analysis, Ductility Factor, Yield Energy, Damage Index, Peak Ground Acceleration, Pier,
Magnitude of an Earthquake, Pacific Ring of Fire, West Valley Fault, Retrofit

ABSTRACT
The susceptibility of the Philippines to earthquake are high due to its location. It is
found in the Pacific ring of fire making most of its structure vulnerable to earthquakes.
Especially of those that are near on active faults and structure that are considerably
decrepit. Manila being at the center of economic, academic, residential and commercial
activities in the Philippines are at risk due to the West Valley Fault earthquake threat
according to MMEIRS. In response to this a need for seismic assessment of the most
essential lifeline structure would be a great hand to national government, community and
people within the vicinity. The study is done primarily to assess the integrity of the LRT
carriageway between 5th avenue & Monumento station when subjected to different
ground motions. Using SAP 2000 and the data for peak ground acceleration gathered
from PHIVOLCS, two methods of widely used analyses for earthquakes was used to
analyze the modelled structure. The Nonlinear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis) and
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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (Time History Analysis). The final output shall be a
fragility curve which relate a certain percentage of probability of damage with its
respective peak ground acceleration. In addition, the fragility curve was then used to apply
the concepts of Interval Uncertainty Analysis to express the same output but in terms of
certain range. With this results, the researchers will fully understand the behavior of this
lifeline when such catastrophic event takes place.

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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Within this page, We the researchers would like to give appreciation and gratitude
to all the help that we receive in order to complete this research.
We would like to express our never ending thanks to our thesis adviser Engr.
Michael B. Baylon for his unceasing encouragement and passion in teaching this
research to his advisees. Also for the motivation to continue and to end this research with
embedded lessons within our hearts.
Also we give our thanks to our Panelists: Engr. Eduardo B. Leron Jr. , Engr. Arthur
B. Villamor Jr. , Engr. Mary Ann S. De Vera. For the fruitful recommendations that
contribute for the enhancement of our research. To the people in LRTA that provided the
assistance that we need in obtaining copy of the structural plan.
As well to our family who are giving moral and financial support that are very much
needed in completing this task. And for the most, We gave thanks to ALMIGHTY GOD
for the light of guidance in times of difficulty and never ending blessing to us.
We dedicate this research whom we worked with all our hearts, sacrifices, blood
and sweat to our thesis adviser Engr. Michael B. Baylon, to our parents, to our love ones
and to all people who rode the LRT.

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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This study is composed of six (6) chapters, references and appendices. Chapter 1
which is the introduction includes the background of the study, statement of the problem,
objectives (main and specific), significance of the study, scope and limitations and definition
of terms respectively. The general objective of this study is to establish a seismic fragility
curves for the asset which aims to accurately assess the integrity of its pier and specifically
to come up with an upper bound and lower bound fragility curve using Interval Uncertainty
Analysis by Baylon,2015.
Chapter 2 is the review of related literature starting from foreign and local studies
related in this research followed by other studies conducted which involves fragility curves
and the two nonlinear analyses specifically the Nonlinear Static Analysis (Pushover
Analysis) and the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis (Time History Analysis) for the assessment
of this kind of structures to determine its vulnerability to a certain peak ground acceleration
caused by earthquakes.
Chapter 3 is the conceptual framework of this research that is needed to be followed
in order to come up with the result. The conceptual framework also shows the important
parameters that are needed to be obtained in every step and the necessary equations
needed to execute the parameters obtained at every stage of this research.

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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

Chapter 4 is the methodology which involves the execution of the conceptual

framework in order to attain the desired result. This chapter shows the modelling of the
structure in an integrated software for structural analysis namely SAP2000, it also shows
the step by step procedure in performing the two nonlinear analyses (static and dynamic) in
order to come up with the parameters needed to obtain the ductility factors followed by
damage index, number of occurrence, damage ratio and finally the probability of
exceedance to create the conventional seismic fragility curves. The methodology also shows
the inclusion of the Interval Uncertainty Analysis by Baylon,2015 to deal with the
uncertainties in this research.
Chapter 5 shows the results and analysis of this research, the researchers were able
to come up with the conventional and IUA (Interval Uncertainty Analysis) seismic fragility
curves which is the main goal of this research and then analyse it further to give conclusions
and recommendations as shown in the next chapter.
Chapter 6 is the formulation of conclusions and recommendations to further
emphasize the vulnerability of the asset to different ground motions caused by earthquakes.
This chapter also concludes this research study about the Seismic Assessment of the LRT
line 1 5th Avenue Monumento Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curves.
The articles, journals and other forms of media used to make this research possible
were listed as references.

Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Scope and Limitations

1.6 Definition of terms

CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 Foreign

10

2.2 Local

11

2.3 Fragility Curve

13

2.4 Brief History/ Background of the Structure

14

CHAPTER 3 - CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Conceptual Framework

16

3.2 Theoretical Framework

18

3.2.1 PGA Normalization

18

3.2.2 Pushover Analysis (Nonlinear Static Analysis)

18
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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

3.2.3 Time History Analysis (Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis)

19

3.2.4 Ductility Factors

20

3.2.5 Damage Index Calculation

21

3.2.6 Damage Rank By Hazus

22

3.2.7 Interval Arithmetic Operations

22

3.2.8 Interval Uncertainty Analysis

24

3.2.9 Probability of Occurrence

26

3.2.10 Fragility Analysis

26

3.2.11 Comparison of Conventional to IUA Fragility Curves

27

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Conventional Fragility curve

28

4.2 Unconventional Fragility curve

39

CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

41-53

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Conclusion

54

6.2 Recommendation

55

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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

APPENDIX A: Computation of Dead load

57

APPENDIX B: Push Over Curve

59-60

APPENDIX C: Hysteresis Models

APPENDIX C.1( Hysteresis-X)

62-92

APPENDIX C.2(Hysteresis-Y)

93-123

APPENDIX C.3(Maximum Displacement for Hysteresis)

124-127

APPENDIX C.4(Area of Hysteresis)

128-131

APPENDIX D: Damage Indices as per Earthquake

APPENDIX D.1(Conventional)

132-135

APPENDIX D.2(IUA Lower Bound)

136-139

APPENDIX D.3(IUA Upper Bound)

140-143

APPENDIX E: Damage Rank as per Earthquake

APPENDIX E.1(Conventional)

144-147

APPENDIX E.2(IUA Lower Bound)

148-151

APPENDIX E.3(IUA Upper Bound)

152-155

APPENDIX F: Tabulated Number of Occurrence

APPENDIX F.1(Conventional)

156-157

APPENDIX F.2(IUA Lower Bound)

158-159

APPENDIX F.3(IUA Upper Bound)

160-161

APPENDIX G: Tabulated Probability of Exceedance

APPENDIX G.1(Conventional)

162-163

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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

APPENDIX G.2(IUA Lower Bound)

164-165

APPENDIX G.3(IUA Upper Bound)

166-167

APPENDIX H: Definition of Terms

168-171

APPENDIX I: Bibliography

172-173

APPENDIX J: Gantt Chart

APPENDIX J.1(CE project 1)

175-176

APPENDIX J.2(CE project 2)

177-178

APPENDIX K: Break Down of Expenses

179-180

APPENDIX L: Curriculum Vitae

181-191

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 Ground motion level

Table 3.1: Relationship between the damage index (DI)

and damage rank (DR)

23

Table 4: Kobe-Takatori (X-direction)

39

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Conceptual Framework of the research

17

Figure 3. 2 Concept of Interval Uncertainty Analysis in

Setting a Value of Interval Based from a Normal Distribution

25

Figure 4. 1 Structure Model

29
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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

Figure 4.2 Section Properties

(a) Lower Section (b) Upper Section

29

Figure 4.3 (a) Hinge Assignment (b) Auto Hinge Properties

31

Figure 4.4 (a) Push Over Case Properties (b) Load Cases

32

Figure 4.5 Push Over Curve

33

Figure 4.6 (a) Push Over (b) Yield Point of Push Over Curve

34

Figure 4.7 Time History Definition

35

Figure 4.8 Time History Case Properties

36

Figure 4.9 Load Cases (Time history)

37

Figure 4.10 Hysteresis

37

Figure 4.11 Probability of Occurrence

39

Figure 5.1 Fragility Curves (Conventional) Y Direction

43

Figure 5.2 Fragility Curves (Conventional) X Direction

44

Figure 5.3 Fragility Curves (IUA-Mean) Y Direction

45

Figure 5.4 Fragility Curves (IUA-Mean) X Direction

46

Figure 5.5 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="C"

47

Figure 5.6 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="B"

48
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Seismic Assessment of LRT line 1 Monumento-5th avenue Carriageway Pier Using Fragility Curve

Figure 5.7 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="A"

49

Figure 5.8 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="As"

50

Figure 5.9 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="C"

51

Figure 5.10 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="B"

52

Figure 5.11 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="A"

53

Figure 5.11 Bounded Fragility Curves, DR="As"

54

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