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Review (Pre-Calc)
Practice Problems:
2
f ( x )=x 2+ 6 x 11 find
3
9 t 3 18 t 2 +6 t=0
Solution: Solve
Solution = -171
f ( t )=9 t 18 t +6 t
f ( x )=3 x 2x +10
3 t ( 3 t 26 t+2 ) =0
b b24 ac
,
2a
4) Given
f (10)
and
g ( x ) =120 x
t=0, 1
1
3
find
f ( x )=3 x2
find
f 1 (x ) Solution:
f 1 ( x )=
x +2
3
6)
Indefinite Integrals
Practice Problems:
1)
x 4 +3 x9 dx
2)
2 tdx
Solution =
Solution =
2tx+ c
1 5 3 2
x + x 9 x +c
5
2
(make sure to say the differential
(dx) is important)
3)
dy
4)
3 x3 + x 5 + 6 x dx
Solution =
1 dy= y + c
3 x + 75 + 6 1 x dx= 3 x 4 + 7 x5 + 16 x
x
5)
1
2
()
e x dx=e x + c
cos ( x ) dx=sin ( x ) +c
sec2 ( x ) dx=tan ( x ) +c
1)
x 2 ( 310 x 3 ) dx
u=310 x 3
Solution:
du=30 x 2 dx
1 1 5
1
d u=
u +c=
( 310 x 3 ) + c
x 2 ( 310 x 3 ) dx= u 4 ( 1
)
(
)
30
30 5
150
4
2)
sec2 ( 4 t ) ( 3tan ( 4 t ) )3 dt
Solution:
u=3tan ( 4 t)
sec2 ( 4 t ) ( 3tan ( 4 t ) )
3)
dt=
1
du
4
1
1 4
1
4
u3 du=
u + c=
( 3tan ( 4 t )) +c
4
16
16
2t 3 +1
t 4+ 2t dt
Solution:
u=t + 2t
1
7
1 1 2
12
7
1
dx=3 x 4 x4 +
x +c= x 4 x 4 + x 2 +c
7
4
6 1
7
4
3
4
2
1
du=( 4 t 3 +2 ) dt=2 ( 2 t 3 +1 ) dt ( 2 t 3 +1 ) dt= du
2
2t 3 +1
t 4+ 2t dt= 12 1u du= 12 ln|u|+ c= 12 ln|t 4 +2 t|+c
()
4)
tan ( x ) dx
Solution:
u=cos ( x)
sin ( x )
Definite Integral
Definition: Given a function f(x) that is continuous on the interval [a,b] we divide the
interval into n subintervals of equal width, x, and from each interval choose a
point,
f ( x ) dx=lim
f (c i) x
n
i=1
Intuitively -> Similar to Riemann sum but taking infinite partitions. You are
multiplying the value of the function with partition length at each point
c i . Infinite
partitions give you exact results because you are adding up all of the infinitely small
areas together.
Practice Problem:
3
1)
5 dx=lim
f ( c i ) xi
n
i=1
Solution:
3i 3
3
15
f
=lim 5
=lim
5 dx=lim
n n n i=1 n n i=1 n
n i=1
0
( )( )
()
15
n
Since
lim n
n
15
15
1= n
n i=1
n
( 15n )=15
f ( x ) dx= f ( x ) dx
1)
f ( x ) dx=0
2)
cf ( x ) dx=c f ( x ) dx
3)
f ( x ) g ( x ) dx= f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
4)
f ( x ) dx= f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
5)
and b
b
6)
f ( x ) dx= f ( t ) dt
a
7)
c dx=c ( ba )
a
8) If
f (x)0
for
ax b
then
f ( x ) dx 0
a
9) If
f (x) g( x )
for
ax b
then
f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
a
10)
If
m f ( x) M
b
11)
for
ax b
f ( x ) dx f ( x )dx
a
then
m(ba) f ( x ) dx M (ba)
a
f ( x)
Definition: If
[a ,b ]
is continuous on
and It is differentiable on
[a ,b ] then,
(a , b)
g ( x ) = f ( t ) dt
a
is continuous on
'
g ( x )=f ( x ) .
and that,
Alternate form:
d
f (t )dt=f (x )
dx a
Practice Problem:
x
e 2 t cos2 ( 15 t ) dt
1) Differentiate
+1
dt
tt 2+1
2) Differentiate
Solution: Cant use FTC yet because the lower limit needs to be a constant
and upper limit needs to be a variable. First, interchange the limits using
one of the properties of definite integrals:
1
t 2 +1 dt = t 2 +1 dt
1 t +1
x t +1
2
u=x
d
d
du
( g ( u ) )= ( g ( u ) )
dx
du
dx
x
):
where
u=f ( x )
( x 2 ) +1
d t 4 +1
d t 4 +1 du u 4 +1
u 4 +1
x 8+1
(
)
dt=
dt
=
2
x
=2
x
=2
x
=2
x
2
2
2
dx
du
dx u2 +1
u 2+1
x 4+ 1
1 t +1
1 t +1
( x 2 ) +1
Definition: Suppose
that
F( x )
f (x)
is a continuous function on
[a ,b ]
f ( x) . Then,
f ( x ) dx=F ( x )a =F ( b )F(a)
b
Practice Problem:
2
1) Evaluate
y 2 + y2 dy
1
y 2 + y2 dy= 3 y 3 y 1 +c
y=1 y=2
and
subtract.
2
y + y dy= 13 y 3 1y = 13 ( 2 )3 12 13 (1 )3 11 = 83 12 13 +1= 17
6
1
1
2
2) Evaluate
y 2 + y2 dy
1
y=0