Theories of Emotion Components and Physiological Basis

D)
The basic components of

emotion are
sympathetic arousal,
parasympathetic inhibition, and
cognitive labeling.
physical gestures, facial
expressions, and psychological
drives.
expressive behaviors,
physiological arousal, and
conscious experience.
cognition, affect, and behavior.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Who suggested that we feel

2. sorry because we cry . . . afraid
because we tremble?
Stanley Schachter
William James
Walter Cannon
Richard Lazarus
1.
A)
B)
C)
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The James-Lange theory of

emotion states that
to experience emotion is to be
aware of our physiological
responses to an emotionarousing event.
the expression of emotion
reduces our level of physiological
arousal.
an emotion-arousing stimulus
simultaneously triggers both
physiological arousal and the
subjective experience of
emotion.
to experience emotion we must
be physically aroused and able to
cognitively label the emotion.
4. Cassandra's mother told her,

You know you are in love when
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
your heart beats fast and you

experience that unique trembling
feeling inside. This remark best
illustrates the ________ theory of
emotion.
Cannon-Bard
two-factor
catharsis
James-Lange
The idea that an emotionarousing stimulus is

5. simultaneously routed to the
cortex and to the sympathetic
nervous system is central to the
James-Lange theory.
relative deprivation principle.
two-factor theory.
Cannon-Bard theory.
According to the Cannon-Bard

theory, the body's arousal is
related to the sympathetic
6.
nervous system in the same way
that subjective awareness of
emotion is related to the
cortex.
hypothalamus.
thalamus.
parasympathetic nervous
system.
According to the James-Lange

theory, we experience emotion
________ we notice our
7. physiological arousal. According
to the Cannon-Bard theory we
experience emotion ________ we
become physiologically aroused.
before; before
before; after
C)
D)
after; at the same time as

at the same time as; after
A)
B)
C)
D)
According to the ________, you

would be able to experience
8. emotion even without
sympathetic nervous system
arousal.
Cannon-Bard theory
James-Lange theory
two-factor theory
catharsis hypothesis
A)
B)
C)
D)
Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit

sympathetic nervous system
activity often reduce people's
9. subjective experience of intense
anxiety. Which theory of emotion
would have the greatest difficulty
explaining this effect?
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
two-factor
Schachter-Singer
A)
B)
C)
D)
Research has shown that necklevel spinal cord injuries reduce

10. the intensity of certain emotional
experiences. This finding
supports the
Cannon-Bard theory.
adaptation-level principle.
James-Lange theory.
catharsis hypothesis.
11.
A)
B)
The two-factor theory of emotion

was proposed by
Walter Cannon and Philip Bard.
Robert Zajonc and Richard
Lazarus.
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
William James and Carl Lange.

Stanley Schachter and Jerome
Singer.

places more emphasis on the
12.
importance of ________ than does
the James-Lange theory.
cognitive activity
subjective well-being
physiological arousal
catharsis
According to the two-factor

theory, the two basic
13.
components of emotions are
________ and ________.
facial expressions; a cognitive
label
emotion-arousing events;
physical arousal
physical arousal; overt behavior
a cognitive label; physical
arousal
Noticing that his heart was

pounding and that his palms
were sweaty while he was taking
a difficult test, Harley concluded
that he was anxious. Noticing
that his heart was pounding and
14. that his palms were sweaty when
an attractive lady asked him to
dance, Harley concluded that he
was falling in love. The
differing emotions experienced
by Harley can best be explained
by the
James-Lange theory.
two-factor theory.
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
A therapist tells a patient who is

afraid of elevators that his rapid
breathing while on an elevator is
not due to fear but is a natural
consequence of too little oxygen
15. in a small, enclosed space. With
this new interpretation of his
arousal, the patient no longer
dreads elevators. The reduction
in the patient's fear is best
understood in terms of the
adaptation-level phenomenon.
two-factor theory.
James-Lange theory.

16. would have difficulty explaining
why a
person comes to fear snakes
after he sees someone else
bitten by one.
person's fear of snakes is
reduced after she receives a
calming tranquilizer.
person automatically fears
snakes even though he thinks
they are attractive and harmless.
person's fear of snakes is
reduced after she learns that
most snakes are harmless.
In one experiment, college men

were injected with epinephrine
before spending time with either
17.
a joyful or an irritated person.
The results of this experiment
support the idea that
some emotions can be
experienced apart from
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
cognition.
there are subtle but distinct
physiological differences among
the emotions.
our experience of emotion
depends on how we interpret the
body's arousal.
happiness is largely a function of
experience.
In an experiment to test the

spillover effect, college men were
injected with epinephrine prior to
spending time with an
experimenter's accomplice who
18. acted either euphoric or irritated.
Which individuals in this
experiment were LEAST likely to
experience the emotion
demonstrated by the
experimenter's accomplice?
those who were led to think the
injection would produce no
those who were promised a large
sum of money for participating in
the experiment
those who were told that the
injection would cause them to
become physiologically aroused
those who were asked to run in
place after receiving the injection
The lingering arousal associated

with one emotional state can
19.
intensify a completely different
state of emotion. This is called
the spillover effect.
the adaptation-level
phenomenon.
catharsis.
the general adaptation
syndrome.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Lee was momentarily terrified as

a passing automobile nearly
sideswiped his car. When one of
his passengers joked that he
20.
almost had a two-color car, Lee
laughed uncontrollably. Lee's
emotional volatility best
illustrates the
spillover effect.
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The spillover effect is best

explained in terms of the
two-factor theory.
After being physically aroused by

his daily three-mile run, Martin
finds that he experiences
stronger resentment if his wife
22. asks for an unexpected favor and
more intense romantic feelings if
she kisses him. Martin's
experience can best be explained
by the
two-factor theory.
James-Lange theory.
Cannon-Bard theory.
Evidence that people can

develop an emotional preference
23. for stimuli to which they have
been unknowingly exposed has
convinced Robert Zajonc that
A)
B)
C)
D)
our thoughts are not influenced

by our emotional states.
our normal feelings of love and
anger are typically irrational.
the two-factor theory of emotion
is essentially correct.
sometimes emotion precedes
cognition.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Our most rapid and automatic

emotional responses may result
24. from the routing of sensory input
through the thalamus directly to
the
hippocampus.
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.
amygdala.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Unlike the low-road brain

pathway, the high road for
25.
emotional responses extends
through the
thalamus.
cortex.
hypothalamus.
cerebellum.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Rapid fear reactions to sensory

input in the absence of conscious
26. thought are possible because
certain neural pathways bypass
the
hypothalamus.
amygdala.
thalamus.
prefrontal cortex.
27. In their dispute over the role of

cognition in emotion, both Zajonc
A)
B)
C)
D)
and Lazarus agree that

cognitive reactions always
precede emotional reactions.
emotional reactions always
precede cognitive reactions.
some emotional reactions involve
no conscious thinking.
cognitive reactions and
emotional reactions always occur
simultaneously.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The autonomic nervous system

28. regulates the ________ that
accompanies different emotions.
conscious experiences
expressive behaviors
A)
B)
C)
D)
When confronted by an armed

29. robber, your emotional arousal is
likely to be accompanied by
decreases in blood sugar levels.
slowing of digestion.
increases in salivation.
decreases in respiration rate.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A hormone that increases heart

rate, blood pressure, and blood
30.
sugar levels in times of
emergency is
acetylcholine.
epinephrine.
testosterone.
insulin.
31. As her professor distributed the

mathematics test to the class,
Blair's heart started to pound and
her palms began to sweat. These
physiological reactions were

activated by her ________ nervous
system.
sympathetic
central
somatic
parasympathetic
A)
B)
C)
D)
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Activation of the sympathetic

nervous system
increases respiration and
increases salivation.
increases respiration and
decreases salivation.
decreases respiration and
decreases salivation.
decreases respiration and
increases salivation.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which division of the nervous

33. system calms the body after an
emergency has passed?
somatic
central
sympathetic
parasympathetic
A)
B)
C)
D)
When her son fails to arrive

home as expected, Elena fears
he has been in an accident. Both
her heart and respiration rate
34. remain elevated until she sees
him come safely through the
door. Her body soon returns to
normal due to the action of her
________ nervous system.
parasympathetic
sympathetic
central
somatic
A)
B)
C)
D)
The parasympathetic nervous

system is to the sympathetic
35.
nervous system as ________ is to
________.
raising of blood sugar; lowering
of blood sugar
inhibition of digestion; activation
of digestion
contraction of pupils; dilation of
pupils
increasing blood pressure;
decreasing blood pressure
A)
B)
C)
D)
Test performance is typically

36. ________ when physiological
arousal is ________.
best; moderate
worst; moderate
best; very low
best; very high
A)
B)
C)
D)
Thaddeus will play a violin solo at

his school tomorrow. His musical
performance is likely to be
37.
________ if his physiological
arousal during the performance
is ________.
best; very low
worst; moderate
best; very high
best; moderate
A)
B)
C)
D)
The level of physiological arousal

38. typically associated with peak
performance tends to be
lower on tasks that are welllearned.
higher on tasks that are difficult.
lower on tasks that are easy.
lower on tasks that are difficult.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Without any conscious effort,

your ________ prepares you to
39.
fight or flee from dangerous
situations.
relative deprivation
adaptation level
autonomic nervous system
emotion-focused coping
A)
B)
C)
D)
A deep neural center activated

when people smell some
40. disgusting food or when they feel
moral disgust in response to a
perceived injustice is called the
anterior cingulate cortex.
insula.
hypothalamus.
telomere.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A psychologist would have the

greatest difficulty differentiating
41. between anger and fear by
monitoring the ________
associated with each.
hormone secretions
finger temperatures
heart rates
brain activity
A)
B)
Which of the following research

findings would be consistent with
42.
the James-Lange theory of
emotion?
Facial expressions of emotion
inhibit the conscious experience
of emotion.
Distinctly different patterns of
brain activity are associated with
distinctly different emotions.
People with spinal cord injuries

experience a considerable
increase in the intensity of their
angry feelings.
All of these statements are
consistent with the James-Lange
theory.
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The right prefrontal cortex is

more active than the left
43.
prefrontal cortex when people
experience
pride.
joy.
disgust.
love.
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
As people experience negative

emotions
the right prefrontal cortex
becomes more electrically active.
the right prefrontal cortex
becomes less electrically active.
the left prefrontal cortex
becomes more electrically active.
the left prefrontal cortex
becomes less electrically active.
Increased activity in the right

prefrontal cortex is to ________ as
45.
increased activity in the left
frontal lobe is to ________.
anger; fear
disgust; joy
love; hate
elation; depression
For purposes of lie detection,

46. investigators have most
commonly made use of a(n)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
electrocardiograph.
electroencephalograph.
myograph.
polygraph.
Boyd, a suspect in a criminal

investigation, has agreed to take
47. a lie detector test. The machine
used in this test is most likely to
measure his
blood sugar levels.
pupil dilation.
hormone secretions.
perspiration levels.
48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Research on the accuracy of lie

detector tests suggests that they
are more accurate for men than
women.
are accurate only 50 percent of
the time, even when
administered by experts.
are more likely to declare the
innocent guilty than to declare
the guilty innocent.
are more likely to declare the
guilty innocent than to declare
the innocent guilty.
The guilty knowledge test is

typically used to
evaluate a criminal's mental
health.
assess a suspect's responses to
details of a crime.
screen potential employees for
possible past misdeeds.
determine the frequency with
which an individual lies.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A polygraph examination of a
suspected murderer included an
assessment of his reaction to a
detailed description of the
50. victim's clothing and death
woundsdetails that would be
known only to a person at the
scene of the crime. The
investigators were using the
facial feedback effect.
guilty knowledge test.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Eyeblinks ________ during lie

telling, and those who are lying
51.
use ________ first-person
pronouns.
decrease; fewer
increase; more
decrease; more
increase; fewer
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following brain

areas became especially active
52.
when a research participant lied
about holding a five of clubs?
anterior cingulate cortex
hypothalamus
hippocampus
cerebellum
A)
B)
C)
Chiana and her husband both

want to feel and express greater
warmth and affection for each
53.
other. They would be advised to
spend time looking intently at
one another's
eyes.
lips.
hand gestures.
D)
body postures.
A)
B)
C)
D)
People are especially good at

54. quickly detecting facial
expressions of
anger.
surprise.
happiness.
boredom.
A)
B)
C)
D)
When shown a face with an

evenly mixed expression of fear
55. and anger, ________ children were
much quicker than other children
to see anger.
socially extraverted
physically abused
academically successful
athletically skilled
A)
B)
C)
D)
Research on the nonverbal

56. expression of emotion indicates
that
the body movements and
gestures used to express
emotions are the same
throughout the world.
it is difficult to use nonverbal
cues to mislead others about
one's true emotions.
introverts are better than
extraverts at recognizing
nonverbal expressions of
emotion in others.
accurately identifying emotional
facial expressions in people from
different cultures requires
personal experience with those
cultures.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
People often overestimate the

clarity of their intentions in their
57. e-mails because they
underestimate the importance of
________ in communication.
the spillover effect
tones of voice
phenomenon
In terms of ability to recognize

58. others' facial expressions of
emotion
introverts do better than
extraverts and women do better
than men.
introverts do worse than
extraverts and women do better
than men.
introverts do better than
extraverts and women do worse
than men.
introverts do worse than
extraverts and women do worse
than men.
Compared with men, women are

________ effective in discerning
whether a male-female couple is
a genuine romantic couple or a
59.
posed phony couple. They are
________ effective in discerning
which of two people in a photo is
the other's supervisor.
more; less
less; more
more; more
less; less
60. Maureen is an introvert, who
A)
B)
C)
D)
prefers staying in and reading a

good book. Her friend Paula is an
extrovert, who would much
rather spend her time partying.
In terms of their ability to
recognize facial expressions of
emotion and express emotions,
Paula is better at recognition and
Maureen is more expressive.
Maureen is better at recognition
and Paula is more expressive.
Both are equally good at
recognition but neither is very
expressive.
Both are equally expressive but
neither is good at recognition.
A)
B)
C)
D)
If a gender-neutral face is made

to look angry, most people
61. perceive it as ________. If asked to
imagine an angry face, most
identify it as ________.
male; female
female; male
male; male
female; female
A)
B)
C)
D)
Men and women students

watched film clips that were sad,
happy, or frightening. Measures
62.
taken during their viewing of
films showed that the genders
differed the most in their
self-reported emotions.
changes in heart rate.
facial expressions of emotion.
changes in respiration.
People from different cultures are

63. most likely to differ with respect
to
the way they categorize basic

emotions such as fear and anger.
their facial expressions of
different emotions such as
sadness or surprise.
the specific states of
physiological arousal associated
with their feelings of happiness
or disgust.
how they interpret hand gestures
such as the A - OK sign.
A)
B)
C)
D)
64.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Research on nonverbal
communication indicates that
very young children's facial
expressions of emotion are
difficult to interpret.
children learn the facial
expressions associated with
emotion by observing adults.
blind children who have never
observed others demonstrate
normal facial expressions of
emotion.
boys are better than girls at
recognizing nonverbal
expressions of emotion.
The fact that people from widely

different cultures display and
65. interpret facial expressions of
emotion in a similar manner best
illustrates the impact of
human genetic similarities.
phenomenon.
the catharsis hypothesis.
66. It has been suggested that

baring the teeth is universally
A)
B)
C)
D)
associated with the expression of

anger because this ability to
convey threats has helped
humans to survive. This
suggestion best illustrates the
evolutionary perspective.
two-factor theory.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In which country are people most

likely to convey visible facial
67.
expressions of their inner
feelings?
China
Australia
Japan
India
A)
B)
C)
D)
The fact that facial expressions of

emotion tend to intensify the
68.
experience of emotion serves to
support the
Cannon-Bard theory.
James-Lange theory.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The tendency of facial muscle

states to trigger corresponding
69.
feelings such as fear or
happiness is called
the feel good, do good
phenomenon.
spontaneous remission.
the facial feedback effect.
70. Most recent participants reported

feeling more happy than sad
B)
C)
D)
after rubberbands secured to the

sides of their faces were
stretched over the tops of their
heads. Their reactions best
illustrated
the feel-good, do good
phenomenon.
the adaptation-level principle.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Repeatedly saying the word me

puts people in a better mood
71.
than repeatedly saying you.
This best illustrates the
feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Botox paralysis of the frowning

facial muscles ________ people's
72. reading of sadness-related
sentences and ________ activity in
emotion-related brain circuits.
speeds; speeds
slows; slows
slows; speeds
speeds; slows
A)
A)
B)
C)
People experience a mood shift

when they switch from taking
short shuffling steps to taking
73.
long strides and swinging their
arms by their sides. This best
illustrates
phenomenon.
the behavior feedback
phenomenon.
the feel-good, do good

phenomenon.
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Imitating another person's facial

74. expression of emotion is most
likely to facilitate
the feel-good, do-good
phenomenon.
the catharsis of aggressive
feelings.
parasympathetic nervous system
activity.
empathy.
75.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ten distinct and basic emotions

were identified by
William James.
Charles Darwin.
Stanley Schachter.
Caroll Izard.
People tend to describe their

76. experienced emotions along the
two dimensions of
physical and social.
clarity and stability.
valence and arousal.
expressiveness and
meaningfulness.
The emotion of rage is

77. characterized by negative
valence and ________ arousal.
high
positive
low
negative
78. A friend's misdeed is especially
likely to trigger feelings of anger

if the misdeed is perceived as
a spontaneous remission.
a spillover effect.
cathartic.
willful.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Reducing one's anger through

79. aggressive action or fantasy is
called
catharsis.
the diminishing returns
phenomenon.
80.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
The term catharsis refers to

emotional
disturbance.
inhibition.
release.
adaptation.
According to the catharsis

hypothesis, retaliating against
81.
someone who provokes us can
calm us down because retaliation
relieves aggressive urges.
reduces the spillover effect.
promotes problem-focused
coping.
triggers the general adaptation
syndrome.
Which of the following children is

most likely to calm down
82.
emotionally shortly after venting
his anger?
Jack, who attacks his intimidating
older brother for spitting at him
B)
C)
D)
Jeremiah, who attacks his

irritating younger brother for
spitting at him
Jed, who attacks his friendly
older brother for no good reason
at all
Jason, who attacks his playful
younger brother for no good
reason at all
A)
B)
C)
D)
A psychotherapist suggests that

Theresa can effectively reduce
the anger she feels toward her
83. ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures
of him into little pieces. This
therapeutic technique is based
on the
James-Lange theory.
two-factor theory.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Charles Darwin suggested that

violent gestures increase one's
84.
anger. This is most inconsistent
with the
James-Lange theory.
A)
B)
Employees who have just been

laid off are asked questions that
encourage them to express
85.
hostility toward their employer.
Research suggests that this
opportunity to vent anger will
calm their emotions and reduce
their anger.
lead them to perceive their
employer's actions as
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
unavoidable.
rechannel their anger into
constructive motivation.
increase their hostility.
Reduced feelings of tension

86. following aggressive outbursts
contribute to
the reinforcement of aggression.
Rosaria is upset with her

husband for not putting his dirty
clothes in the laundry basket.
87.
Anger experts would most likely
recommend that she deal with
her frustration by saying to him
I'm not your mother. Take some
responsibility.
From now on I'm going to leave
my dirty clothes around for you
to pick up.
It annoys me that you leave
your dirty clothes for me to pick
up.
I refuse to make dinner until you
do the laundry.
Mentally rehearsing resentments

contributes to ________
88. perspiration levels and ________
blood pressure levels than
mentally rehearsing forgiveness.
lower; lower
higher; higher
lower; higher
higher; lower
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Compared with those who are

unhappy, happy people make
89. decisions ________ easily and
cooperate with others ________
easily.
less; less
more; more
less; more
more; less
The feel-good, do-good

90. phenomenon refers to the fact
that when people feel happy they
are more willing to help others.
make decisions more effectively.
experience a more positive selfimage.
report greater satisfaction with
their whole lives.
Jed wants his roommate Dante to

help him study for a physics test.
91.
Dante is most likely to want to
help after he has
unsuccessfully tried to repair a
flat tire on his car.
received an A on his psychology
test.
heard that a friend was involved
in an automobile accident.
been caught cheating on a math
test.
92. Subjective well-being refers to

empathy.
relative deprivation.
self-perceived happiness.
physiological arousal.
93. The frequency of positive and
A)
B)
C)
D)
negative emotion words used by

U.S. Facebook users indicates
that their most positive moods
were expressed on
Thursdays.
Fridays.
Saturdays.
Sundays.
A)
B)
C)
D)
People's moment-to-moment
positive moods tend to be
highest near the ________ hours
of their waking day and their
94.
moment-to-moment negative
moods tend to be highest near
the ________ hours of their waking
day.
later; earlier
middle; later
later; middle
early; middle
A)
B)
C)
D)
People who become blind usually

________ recover near-normal
levels of day-to-day happiness.
95. People who become paralyzed
usually ________ recover nearnormal levels of day-to-day
happiness.
do; do not
do not; do
do; do
do not; do not
A)
B)
C)
D)
After receiving very bad news,

96. people ________ the duration of
their negative emotions.
overestimate
accurately estimate
slightly underestimate
radically underestimate
A)
B)
C)
D)
Within most countries,

individuals with lots of money are
97. ________ than those with very
little money. This is especially
true in ________ countries.
happier; poor
happier; wealthy
less happy; poor
less happy; wealthy
98.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Enjoying your second piece of pie

less than your first illustrates
syndrome.
the diminishing returns
phenomenon.
The diminishing returns

99. phenomenon is familiar to
economists as diminishing
objective well-being.
general adaptation.
marginal utility.
During the last 50 years, the

buying power of Americans has
100.
________ and their self-reported
personal happiness has ________.
remained almost unchanged;
decreased
increased; remained almost
unchanged
increased
remained almost unchanged
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
People are likely to experience

higher levels of ________ if they
seek to contribute to their
101.
communities rather than simply
strive for personal wealth and
power.
facial feedback
the general adaptation syndrome
Which of the following best

explains why, for those who are
102. not poor, more money buys little
more than a temporary surge of
happiness?
the spillover effect
the general adaptation syndrome
phenomenon
the do-good, feel-good
phenomenon
103.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The adaptation-level
phenomenon refers to the
perception that one is worse off
than those with whom one
compares oneself.
tendency for standards of
judgment to be heavily
influenced by previous
experiences.
tendency for emotional release
to reduce levels of physiological
arousal.
survival of organisms that adapt
best to their environment.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Rannilt was euphoric after

learning that she had been
accepted by the medical school
of her choice. After a few weeks,
104. however, she is only mildly
excited when she thinks about
her admission to medical school.
This change in her feelings can
best be explained in terms of
the feel-good, do-good
phenomenon.
phenomenon.
Relative deprivation refers to the

tendency for our personal
105.
happiness to be heavily
influenced by
genetics.
previous experiences.
bodily arousal.
others' success.
During World War II, promotion

rates in the U.S. Air Corps were
so rapid for the group as a whole
that many individual soldiers in
106. this military branch were
unhappy about the speed at
which they were promoted. Their
unhappiness is best explained in
terms of
phenomenon.
the two-factor theory.
107. Haley's parents bought her a
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
used bicycle for her birthday. She

was thrilled until she learned that
her best friend received a brand
new bicycle for her birthday.
Haley's declining satisfaction
illustrates
phenomenon.
Winston has a very negative

academic self-concept because
most of his classmates are more
108.
academically advanced than he
is. Winston's experience best
illustrates
phenomenon.
the two-factor theory.
the James-Lange theory.
Logan is an unsuccessful
businessman who feels little
109. satisfaction with life. To increase
his subjective well-being, Logan
should
imagine what his own life might
be like if he became rich and
famous.
compare himself with friends who
became rich and successful.
recall past moments when his life
was much more pleasant than it
is now.
imagine what his life might be
like if he were suffering from a
fatal disease.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following factors

has been found to be clearly
110.
related to feelings of general
happiness or life satisfaction?
being well educated
having children
having an active religious faith
being physically attractive
A)
B)
C)
D)
A general sense of happiness or

111. life satisfaction is most unrelated
to whether people
sleep well.
are young or old.
have a happy marriage.
have an active religious faith.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The governments of Egypt and

Tunisia succumbed to popular
112.
uprisings in the 2011 aftermath
of citizens' declining
general adaptation syndrome.
subjective well-being.
spillover effect.
A)
B)
C)
D)
One way for people to improve

113. their own subjective well-being is
to
focus more attention on
themselves.
participate in regular aerobic
exercise.
overestimate how much they can
accomplish.
do all of these things.
114. The subfield of psychology that

provides psychology's
contribution to the prevention
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
and treatment of illness is known

as
medical psychology.
health psychology.
behavioral psychology.
psychobiology.
115. Psychologists define stress as

the experience of realistic
anxiety.
the process by which we
appraise and respond to
threatening or challenging
events.
an attempt to reach some
important goal.
physical, emotional, or mental
exhaustion.
A)
B)
C)
D)
While taking a difficult test,

Cindy's muscles tense and her
116.
heart pounds. These
physiological responses are
stressors.
stress reactions.
stress appraisal.
emotion-focused coping.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Rush hour traffic is to upset

117. stomach as ________ is to
________.
fight; flight
Type B; Type A
lymphocyte; macrophage
stressor; stress reaction
118. Luigi minimized the stress of

testing positive for HIV by
viewing this circumstance as an
opportunity for a renewed
religious commitment and

spiritual growth. His reaction best
illustrates the importance of
the Type A personality.
biofeedback.
stress appraisal.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Two-thirds of Americans
responding to surveys taken in
119.
the three weeks after the 9/11
terrorist attacks reported
sleeping difficulties.
coronary heart disease.
stomach ulcers.
upper respiratory infections.
120.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Research on stressful life events

indicates that
those who live a relatively
peaceful, monastic life actually
suffer a higher-than-average rate
of heart attacks.
those who have been recently
widowed, fired, or divorced are
more vulnerable to disease.
survivors of a natural disaster are
immunized against stress and
have fewer long-term health
problems.
all of these statements are true.
Daily pressures compounded by

racism and prejudice take a toll
121.
on many African-Americans in
the form of
biofeedback.
natural killer cells.
high blood pressure.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In the 1920s, Walter Cannon

discovered that stress produced
122.
an outpouring of ________ into the
bloodstream.
epinephrine and norepinephrine
acetylcholine and endorphins
lymphocytes and glucocorticoids
estrogen and testosterone
123.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
As you are waiting to be

interviewed for a job, your heart
rate, body temperature, and
124. breathing rate begin to increase.
These physiological changes are
produced by activation of the
________ nervous system.
parasympathetic
sympathetic
somatic
central
125.
A)
B)
C)
D)
126.
A)
B)
In a stressful situation, feelings of

pain are dulled by
the somatic nervous system.
carcinogens.
the sympathetic nervous system.
biofeedback.
In response to stress, the adrenal

glands release
epinephrine.
lymphocytes.
carcinogens.
serotonin.
Walter Cannon observed that a

variety of stressors trigger
biofeedback.
lowered blood sugar levels.
C)
a fight-or-flight reaction.
an increase in the production of
lymphocytes.
D)
127.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The general adaptation

syndrome describes stages in the
production of endorphins.
body's response to aerobic
exercise.
body's response to prolonged
stress.
process of biofeedback.
The three successive phases of

128. the general adaptation syndrome
are
attention, comprehension, and
resistance.
alarm reaction, resistance, and
exhaustion.
adrenal release, cognitive
appraisal, and stomach
ulceration.
reactive frustration, sympathetic
arousal, and parasympathetic
inhibition.
Cameron, a 50-year-old
electrician, opens his pay
envelope and, to his surprise,
finds a pink slip inside indicating
129.
that he has been fired from his
job. Which phase of the general
adaptation syndrome is Cameron
most likely experiencing?
resistance
alarm reaction
adjustment
exhaustion
130.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Resistance to stress is greatest

during ________ of the GAS.
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
A)
B)
C)
D)
The third phase of the general

131. adaptation syndrome is
characterized by
resistance.
exhaustion.
an alarm reaction.
a tend-and-befriend response.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Aging women who had

experienced prolonged stress as
caregivers for children with
132.
serious disorders experienced a
premature decrease in the size of
their
adrenal glands.
frontal lobes.
telomeres.
lymphocytes.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The emotional bonding and

mutual support that survivors of
133.
natural disasters provide to one
another best illustrates
syndrome.
the tend-and-befriend response.
biofeedback.
134. Following a catastrophic

earthquake, residents of one
community came together and
provided each other with
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
emotional support. This reaction

best illustrates
biofeedback.
the tend-and-befriend response.
the ABC program.
A stress-moderating hormone
released by cuddling and
135.
associated with pair-bonding is
known as
serotonin.
cortisol.
norepinephrine.
oxytocin.
136. A psychophysiological illness is

any physical illness that
produces a psychological
disorder.
a stress-related physical illness
such as hypertension.
a disease of the central nervous
system.
any psychological disorder that
has a genetic component.
Andrea's physician has

suggested that a program of
relaxation training would provide
the best treatment for her high
137.
blood pressure. The physician
probably considers Andrea's
hypertension to be a(n) ________
illness.
immune deficiency
carcinogenic
psychophysiological
respiratory
A)
B)
C)
D)
The study of how psychological,

neural, and endocrine processes
138.
combine to affect our immune
system and health is called
evolutionary psychology.
biofeedback.
cognitive psychology.
psychoneuroimmunology.
A)
B)
C)
D)
An understanding of how stress

affects our resistance to disease
is the central focus of the field of
alternative medicine.
cognitive psychology.
psychosomatic medicine.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The macrophage and

140. lymphocytes are major agents of
the
sympathetic nervous system.
immune system.
limbic system.
parasympathetic nervous
system.
141. Lymphocytes are

harmful agents such as
chemicals and viruses that cross
the placenta from mother to
fetus.
stress hormones produced by the
sympathetic nervous system.
cancer cells that form in the
lymph glands.
white blood cells that are part of
the body's immune system.
142. B lymphocytes inhibit ________,

whereas T lymphocytes inhibit
A)
B)
C)
D)
________.
bacterial infections; viral
infections
heart attacks; strokes
NK cells; cancer cells
HIV; AIDS
A)
B)
C)
D)
143. T lymphocytes are formed in the

bone marrow.
limbic system.
thymus.
liver.
A)
B)
C)
D)
After experiencing the stress of

losing her job, Colleen suffered
an increased incidence of cold
144.
and flu infections. Her increased
illness is best attributed to
reduced levels of
oxytocin.
carcinogens.
lymphocytes.
blood pressure
A)
B)
C)
D)
Immune system cells that pursue

145. and destroy diseased body cells
are called
stressors.
endorphins.
carcinogens.
NK cells.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Compared with men, women

have ________ immune systems,
146.
and they are ________ susceptible
to lupus and multiple sclerosis.
stronger; less
weaker; more
stronger; more
weaker; less
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following BEST

explains why stress heightens
147.
vulnerability to bacterial and viral
infections?
Stress hormones accelerate the
hardening of the arteries.
Stress hormones facilitate the
depositing of cholesterol and fat
around the heart.
Stress hormones suppress the
production of lymphocytes.
Stress hormones trigger the
release of carcinogens.
Wild animals placed in zoos

sometimes die shortly thereafter.
148.
These deaths are likely to result
from a(n)
decrease in the animals'
production of lymphocytes.
increase in the animals'
production of oxytocin.
decrease in the animals'
production of cortisol.
increase in the animals'
production of serotonin.
Dental students healed more

slowly from punch wounds
received three days prior to a
major exam than from punch
wounds received during their
149.
summer vacation. The slower
healing prior to a major exam is
best explained by the students'
temporarily reduced production
of
telomeres.
lymphocytes.
norepinephrine.
glucocorticoids.
150.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
AIDS is caused by a ________

151. infection spread primarily
through ________.
viral; airborne molecules
bacterial; airborne molecules
viral; the exchange of bodily
fluids
bacterial; the exchange of bodily
fluids
152.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The greatest number of deaths in

Africa today result from
strokes.
cancer.
AIDS.
malaria.
Stress is most likely to speed the

progression from HIV to AIDS by
stimulating the release of
endorphins.
accelerating the production of NK
cells.
inhibiting the production of
lymphocytes.
slowing the shortening of
telomeres.
The ABC program is an

153. educational program designed to
prevent
allergic reactions.
multiple sclerosis.
HIV infections.
154. Rodents who experienced

inescapable shocks were more
prone to developing cancer if

they had previously been
exposed to
T lymphocytes.
macrophages.
carcinogens.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Avoiding stress is LEAST likely to

155. inhibit the progression of ________
in humans.
bacterial infections
viral infections
coronary heart disease
advanced cancer
156.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Friedman and Rosenman referred

to competitive, hard-driving,
157. impatient, and easily angered
individuals as ________
personalities.
problem-focused
emotion-focused
Type A
Type B
158.
A)
B)
C)
The risk of coronary heart

disease is increased by
biofeedback.
a Type B personality.
high blood pressure.
Who is the best example of a

Type A personality?
Valentin, a self-confident,
intelligent journalist
Kane, a relaxed, easygoing mail
carrier
Philip, a competitive, hot-
tempered corporation president

Thomas, an introverted, inhibited
mental patient
D)
159.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Who is the best example of a

Type B personality?
George, a self-confident, timeconscious mail carrier
Wang Lung, a relaxed, easygoing
dentist
Henry, an irritable, impatient
college professor
Stasio, a fun-loving, hard-driving
corporation president
D)
In their classic nine-year study,

Friedman and Rosenman
160.
reported that, compared with
Type A men, Type B men were
more susceptible to stomach
ulcers.
less susceptible to stomach
ulcers.
more susceptible to heart
attacks.
less susceptible to heart attacks.
A)
B)
C)
D)
161. Anger is the toxic core of

problem-focused coping.
the Type A personality.
the Type B personality.
A)
For Type A individuals, exposure

to stress is especially likely to
inhibit organs such as the
162.
________ from removing
cholesterol and fat from the
blood.
liver
A)
B)
C)
B)
C)
D)
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
A)
B)
C)
D)
Bernard is an ambitious, highly

competitive corporate lawyer
who recently had a heart attack.
He tends to be impatient and a
163. perfectionist, and he gets angry
over little things. Research
suggests that Bernard's
susceptibility to heart attacks
may be most closely linked to his
ambition.
anger.
perfectionism.
competitiveness.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Chronic anger ________ the risk of

heart disease, and chronic
164.
depression ________ the risk of
heart disease.
increases; decreases
increases; increases
has no effect on; increases
increases; has no effect on
165.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Depression increases the risk of

death, especially death from
respiratory infections
multiple sclerosis.
stomach cancer.
166. A Harvard School of Public Health

research team studied 1306
initially healthy men over a 10year period. They found that
________ were more than twice as
likely as ________ to develop
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
heart disease.
introverts; extraverts
married men; single men
Type B personalities; Type A
personalities
pessimists; optimists
Heart disease and depression

167. may both result when chronic
stress triggers
persistent inflammation.
the release of NK cells.
the production of lymphocytes.
the release of oxytocin.
Despite very stressful events in

his life, Mark has been able to
maintain good health. This is
because of his persistent
168. optimism and the emotional
support of his family. An
integrated understanding of
Mark's well-being is most clearly
provided by
complimentary and alternative
medicine.
a biopsychosocial approach.
the relative deprivation principle.
syndrome.
Attempting to alleviate stress

169. directly by changing the stressor
is known as
biofeedback.
170. To alleviate the stress of losing
A)
B)
C)
D)
her job, Alicia enrolled in a work

retraining program that led to
full-time employment. Alicia's
behavior best illustrates
learned helplessness.
a Type A profile.
A)
B)
C)
D)
To alleviate the stress he feels

after failing a college course,
171. Jeremy seeks social support from
his friends and family. Jeremy's
behavior best illustrates
a Type A personality.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Vanessa alleviated some of the

stress associated with the death
of her husband by becoming
172.
more actively engaged in her
work. Her response best
illustrates
biofeedback.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Addressing stressors with

173. problem-focused coping would be
most characteristic of those with
personal control.
a pessimistic outlook.
174. Rats that received electric shocks

were unlikely to develop ulcers if
the
shocks were systematically
associated with the delivery of
appetizing food.
shocks were quickly terminated
by the experimenter.
rats could control the termination
of the shocks.
shocks became a routine part of
the rats' daily life.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Elderly nursing home residents

tend to decline faster and die
175.
sooner than they would
otherwise if they lack
biofeedback.
perceived control.
Type A personalities.
British civil service workers in

executive positions live longer
176.
than those in clerical positions.
This best illustrates the value of
perceived control.
syndrome.
177.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A loss of perceived control tends

to result in
low blood pressure.
reduced immune responses.
low blood sugar levels.
178. A perceived loss of control is

associated with ________
epinephrine levels and ________
lymphocyte activity.
increased; decreased
decreased; increased
increased; increased
decreased; decreased
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Alex experiences little stress

because he expects things to
179. work out the way he wants them
to. This best illustrates the value
of
a Type A personality.
optimism.
syndrome.
During the first few weeks of law

school, students were observed
180.
to have stronger immune
systems if they
lacked NK cells.
were optimistic.
had high blood sugar levels.
utilized complementary and
181.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
People who laugh a lot have

exhibited a lower incidence of
cancer.
heart disease.
Compared with the unmarried,

182. people in low-conflict marriages
are more likely to
live longer.
engage in stress appraisal.
experience elevated blood sugar.
display a general adaptation

syndrome.
D)
183.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Social support helps to promote

cardiovascular health by
lowering blood pressure.
inhibiting macrophage activity.
reducing the production of T
lymphocytes.
redistributing bloodflow from
internal organs to skeletal
muscles.
Which of the following is most

184. likely to foster stronger immune
functioning?
carcinogens
social support
a Type A personality
reduced lymphocyte levels
Undergraduate women who had

been sexually abused as children
185.
were especially likely to report
health problems if they had
grown up in a religious family.
kept the abuse a secret.
been victimized before age 5.
been victimized by a stranger
rather than by a close relative.
After stockbrokers who lived

alone had adopted a pet cat or
186. dog, they were able to face
stress with less ________ than
their counterparts without pets.
blood pressure increase
production of lymphocytes
problem-focused coping
187.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
The genes in muscle cells that

are not activated by exercise
188. produce lower quantities of
proteins, which leaves us
susceptible to
type-2 diabetes.
cardiovascular disease.
cancer.
all of these diseases.
189.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Activities such as jogging or

swimming are forms of
stress appraisal.
relaxation.
aerobic exercise.
biofeedback.
Aerobic exercise has been most

closely linked to a decrease in
lymphocyte production.
depression.
the production of endorphins.
Mildly depressed female college

students assigned to a program
of ________ reported a greater
190.
decrease in depression than
those assigned to a program of
________.
problem-focused coping;
biofeedback; meditation
aerobic exercise; relaxation
exercises
acupuncture; cognitive therapy
191. Aerobic exercise is associated
with
increased levels of serotonin and
decreased levels of the
endorphins.
decreased levels of serotonin and
increased levels of the
endorphins.
increased levels of serotonin and
increased levels of the
endorphins.
decreased levels of serotonin and
decreased levels of the
endorphins.
A)
B)
C)
D)
192.
A)
B)
C)
D)
193.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Evidence suggests that ________

may foster neurogenesis.
meditation
optimism
social support
aerobic exercise
Which of the following is an

example of biofeedback?
Milos learns to relax his forehead
muscles after being provided
with information regarding
moment-to-moment changes in
the tension levels of these
muscles.
Jane decides to work fewer hours
after seeing a film linking stress
with cancer.
Chico learns to lower his blood
pressure by meditating twice a
day.
Kecia successfully quits smoking
after her psychologist has her
smoke so rapidly she cannot
tolerate another cigarette.
194. A psychologist would most likely
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
use biofeedback to provide

clients with information about
their
body weight.
blood type.
muscle tension.
genetic makeup.
Aviad, a 50-year-old banking

executive and Type A personality,
recently suffered a serious heart
195.
attack. To prevent a recurrence,
Aviad would probably benefit
most from
acupuncture therapies.
early retirement.
relaxation training.
pain control medication.
The relaxation response

196. associated with meditation is
most likely to
decrease oxygen consumption
and decrease blood pressure.
increase oxygen consumption
and increase blood pressure.
increase oxygen consumption
and decrease blood pressure.
decrease oxygen consumption
and increase blood pressure.
During meditative relaxation, a

part of the ________ lobe that
197.
tracks where we are in space is
________ active than usual.
frontal; less
parietal; less
frontal; more
parietal; more
A)
B)
C)
D)
Volunteers who participated in an

eight-week course of meditation
training exhibited increased
198.
levels of the ______ activity
associated with positive
emotions.
left hemisphere
right hemisphere
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
199.
A)
B)
C)
D)
200.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Homeopathy and herbal

remedies are forms of
CAM.
biofeedback.
The natural disappearance of a

disease is called
syndrome.
One study of migraine headache

patients found that the majority
of those who received sham
201.
acupuncture enjoyed relief. The
patients' pain relief is most likely
attributable to
a decrease in lymphocyte
production.
an increase in heart rate and
blood pressure.
the placebo effect.
202. Whether a health care treatment
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
is mainstream medicine or an
alternative medicine depends on
whether the treatment has been
frequently used and is currently
popular.
administered by a licensed MD.
scientifically validated as
effective.
used for diseases that are
curable.
The correlation between religious

203. involvement and life expectancy
best illustrates the
general adaptation syndrome.
spillover effect.
Type A personality.
faith factor.
Israelis living in nonreligious

collective settlements were
204. observed to have ________ than
those living in religiously
orthodox collective settlements.
higher rates of death
better emotion-focused coping
skills
higher lymphocyte levels
better problem-focused coping
skills
The correlation between religious

involvement and life expectancy
205.
is ________ among women and
________ among men.
positive; negative
negative; positive
positive; positive
negative; negative
A)
B)
C)
D)
One possible explanation for the

206. longer life expectancy of
religiously active people is that
they respond to stress with
higher blood pressure.
they have Type A personalities.
their sympathetic nervous
system responds to stress with
greater arousal.
they receive more social support.
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
C
B
A
D
D
A
C
A
B
C
D
A
D
C
B
C
C
C
A
D
D
A
D
D
B
D
C
C
B
B
A
B
D
A
C
A
D
D
C
B
C
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
B
C
A
B
D
D
C
B
C
C
A
A
A
B
C
C
A
C
B
C
C
D
C
A
A
B
C
D
C
D
B
C
D
D
C
A
D
A
C
A
B
A
C
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
D
D
C
B
B
A
B
C
B
B
C
A
A
D
D
B
C
C
B
D
D
B
A
C
D
C
B
C
B
B
B
B
D
D
A
B
D
A
C
B
A
C
C
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
B
B
B
B
C
B
C
D
B
C
D
B
B
D
A
C
C
D
C
C
A
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
C
C
C
B
D
B
A
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
C
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
D
C
B
C
C
B
B
A
C
B
C
A
A
B
B
A
C
D
B
C
C
D
A
C
C
A
B
A
A
A
D
C
D
A
C
D

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D)

The basic components of

Who suggested that we feel

The James-Lange theory of

4. Cassandra's mother told her,

your heart beats fast and you

The idea that an emotionarousing stimulus is

According to the Cannon-Bard

According to the James-Lange

after; at the same time as

According to the ________, you

Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit

Research has shown that necklevel spinal cord injuries reduce

The two-factor theory of emotion

William James and Carl Lange.

The two-factor theory of emotion

According to the two-factor

Noticing that his heart was

A therapist tells a patient who is

The two-factor theory of emotion

In one experiment, college men

In an experiment to test the

The lingering arousal associated

Lee was momentarily terrified as

The spillover effect is best

After being physically aroused by

Evidence that people can

our thoughts are not influenced

Our most rapid and automatic

Unlike the low-road brain

Rapid fear reactions to sensory

27. In their dispute over the role of

and Lazarus agree that

The autonomic nervous system

When confronted by an armed

A hormone that increases heart

31. As her professor distributed the

physiological reactions were

Activation of the sympathetic

Which division of the nervous

When her son fails to arrive

The parasympathetic nervous

Test performance is typically

Thaddeus will play a violin solo at

The level of physiological arousal

Without any conscious effort,

A deep neural center activated

A psychologist would have the

Which of the following research

People with spinal cord injuries

The right prefrontal cortex is

As people experience negative

Increased activity in the right

For purposes of lie detection,

Boyd, a suspect in a criminal

Research on the accuracy of lie

The guilty knowledge test is

Eyeblinks ________ during lie

Which of the following brain

Chiana and her husband both

People are especially good at

When shown a face with an

Research on the nonverbal