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A)
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D)
2.
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B)
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D)
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C)
D)
A)
B)
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D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
In classical conditioning a
5. stimulus is any event or situation
that
triggers imitation.
signals a reinforcer.
elicits operant behavior.
evokes a response.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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12.
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D)
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D)
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B)
C)
D)
In classical conditioning, a
16. stimulus that elicits no response
before conditioning is called a(n)
unconditioned stimulus.
secondary reinforcer.
neutral stimulus.
primary reinforcer.
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
unconditioned response.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
impending occurrence of
latent learning.
a conditioned reinforcer.
an unconditioned stimulus.
operant behavior.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
Associating a conditioned
stimulus with a new neutral
30. stimulus can create a second
(often weaker) conditioned
stimulus. This best illustrates
shaping.
B)
C)
D)
spontaneous recovery.
intermittent reinforcement.
higher-order conditioning.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
In classical conditioning,
generalization refers to the
35. tendency for the conditioned
response to be evoked by stimuli
that are similar to the
unconditioned stimulus.
primary reinforcer.
conditioned stimulus.
conditioned reinforcer.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Monica's psychotherapist
reminds her so much of her own
father that she has many of the
same mixed emotional reactions
39.
to him that she has to her own
dad. Her reactions to her
therapist best illustrate the
importance of
latent learning.
generalization.
delayed reinforcement.
shaping.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
adaptive value of
shaping.
discrimination.
extrinsic motivation.
spontaneous recovery.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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D)
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D)
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B)
C)
D)
Skinner; Bandura
Bandura; Pavlov
55.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
57.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
reinforcement.
operant behavior.
59.
A)
B)
C)
D)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Five-year-old Trevor is
emotionally disturbed and
refuses to communicate with
anyone. To get him to speak, his
teacher initially gives him candy
62.
for any utterance, then only for a
clearly spoken word, and finally
only for a complete sentence.
The teacher is using the method
of
secondary reinforcement.
delayed reinforcement.
spontaneous recovery.
shaping.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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D)
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D)
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B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
73.
A)
B)
C)
D)
cognitive maps.
conditioned stimuli.
conditioned reinforcers.
innately satisfying stimuli.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
spontaneous recovery.
conditioned reinforcer.
operant behavior.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
delayed
intermittent
conditioned
negative
A fixed-ratio schedule of
reinforcement is one in which a
87.
response is reinforced only after
a(n)
specified time period has
elapsed.
unpredictable time period has
elapsed.
specified number of responses
have been made.
D)
unpredictable number of
responses have been made.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
A fixed-interval schedule of
reinforcement is one in which a
93.
response is reinforced only after
a(n)
unpredictable time period has
elapsed.
specified time period has
elapsed.
specified number of responses
has been made.
unpredictable number of
responses has been made.
An executive in a computer
software firm works with his
office door closed. At the same
time every hour he opens the
door to see what his employees
are doing. The employees have
94.
learned to work especially hard
during the five minutes before
and while the door is open. Their
work pattern is typical of
responses that are reinforced on
a ________ schedule.
fixed-interval
B)
C)
D)
fixed-ratio
variable-ratio
variable-interval
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
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B)
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D)
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D)
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D)
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B)
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D)
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B)
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D)
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B)
C)
D)
discrimination.
latent learning.
108.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
unconscious motives.
conscious thoughts.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In explaining juvenile
111. delinquency, B. F. Skinner would
most likely have emphasized
inherited predispositions.
fear and greed.
faulty child-rearing practices.
a weak internalized conscience.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
shaping
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
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D)
119.
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
124.
A)
B)
C)
D)
An integrated understanding of
associative learning in terms of
genetic predispositions, culturally
125. learned preferences, and the
predictability of certain
associations is most clearly
provided by
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Pavlov's experiments.
Watson's behaviorism.
a biopsychosocial approach.
the law of effect.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
yellow.
violet.
red.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
importance of
spontaneous recovery.
cognitive processes.
associative learning.
discrimination.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
142.
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
latent learning.
spontaneous recovery.
intrinsic motivation.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
immediate reinforcement
classical conditioning
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
In a well-known experiment,
preschool children pounded and
kicked a large inflated Bobo doll
150.
that an adult had just beaten on.
This experiment served to
illustrate the importance of
operant conditioning.
respondent behavior.
observational learning.
spontaneous recovery.
A)
B)
C)
D)
149.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
respondent behavior.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
169.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
D
C
B
C
D
D
C
D
B
D
D
C
C
B
C
C
C
C
A
B
A
A
C
B
B
C
C
C
D
D
D
B
B
D
C
D
A
B
B
B
B
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
B
C
B
C
C
D
B
D
B
C
D
A
B
C
C
C
A
B
D
A
D
D
D
C
C
C
A
A
C
D
B
D
C
D
A
C
B
D
C
D
C
A
B
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
B
C
C
A
B
B
D
D
B
A
D
C
C
C
D
C
A
B
C
D
B
C
C
D
B
A
C
A
C
A
D
B
C
A
A
C
B
C
A
D
C
A
C
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
B
D
D
B
D
B
D
B
D
D
B
A
B
B
C
B
D
B
D
B
C
C
C
C
D
B
C
D
C
D
A
D
D
C
B
C
D
B
A
A
D
C
B