HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

Page 1

Mathematics Extension 2 HSC Examination

Topic: Complex Numbers
06

2a

z2

(ii)

zw

(iii)

w
z

(i)

Express

(i)

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06

Let z = 3 + i and w = 2 5i. Find, in the form x + iy,

2b

(ii)

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(iii)
06

3 - i in modulus-argument form.
7

Express ( 3 - i) in modulus-argument form.

7

Hence express ( 3 - i) in the form x + iy.

3

2c

Find, in modulus-argument form, all solutions of z = 1.

2d

The equation |z 1 3i| + |z 9 3i|corresponds to an ellipse in the Argand

1
1
2
3

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06

diagram.

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(i)

Write down the complex number corresponding to the centre of the ellipse.

(ii)

Sketch the ellipse, and state the lengths of the major and minor axes.

(iii)

Write down the range of values of arg(z) for complex numbers z corresponding

to points on the ellipse.

05

2a

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Let z = 3 + i and w = 1 i. Find, in the form x + iy ,

(i)

2z + iw

(ii)

zw
6
w

(iii)
05

2b

Let = 1 - i 3
(i)

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(ii)
(iii)
05

2c

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Express in modulus-argument form.

Express in modulus-argument form.

5

Hence express in the form x + iy.

2d

2
1

Sketch the region on the Argand diagram where the inequalities

|z - z | < 2 and |z 1| 1 hold simultaneously.

HSC

05

Let l be the line in the complex plane that passes

through the origin and makes an angle with the
positive real axis, where 0 < arg(z1) < . The point P
represents the complex number z1, where
0 < arg(z1) < . The point P is reflected in the line l
to produce the point Q, which represents the
complex number z2. Hence |z1| = |z2|.
(i)
(ii)

Explain why arg(z1) + arg(z2) = 2 .

2

Deduce that z1z2 = |z1| (cos 2 + i sin 2)

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

(iii)

Let =

Page 2

and let R be the point that represents the complex number z1z2.

Describe the locus of R as z1 varies.

04

2a

HSC

Let z = 1 + 2i and w = 3 i. Find, in the form x + iy,

(i)
zw
(ii)

04

2b

HSC

10

Let = 1 + i 3 and = 1 + i.

, in the form x + iy.

(i)

Find

(ii)

Express in modulus-argument form.

(iii)

Given that has the modulus-argument form =

2(cos

+ i sin

) , find the

modulus-argument form of
.

(iv)
04

2c

12

Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities

|z + z | 1 and |z i| 1 hold simultaneously.

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04

Hence find the exact value of sin

2d

The diagram shows two distinct points A and B that

represent

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the

complex

numbers

and

respectively. The points A and B lie on the circle of

radius r centred at O. The point C representing the
complex number
z + w also lies on this circle.
Copy the diagram into your writing booklet.

04
HSC

7b

(i)

Using the fact that C lies on the circle,

2
show geometrically that AOB =
.
3

(ii)

Hence show that z3 = w3.

(iii)

Show that z2 + w2 + zw = 0.

2
1

Let be a real number and suppose that z is a complex number such that
1
z+
= 2 cos .
z
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

By reducing the above equation to a quadratic equation in z, solve for z and

1
use de Moivres theorem to show that zn + n = 2 cos n.
z
1
Let w = z +
.
z
1
1
1
Prove that w3 + w2 2w 2 = (z +
) + (z2 + 2 )+ (z3 + 3 ).
z
z
z

Hence, or otherwise, find all solutions of cos + cos 2 + cos 3 = 0, in the

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

Page 3

range 0 2.
03

2a

Let z = 2 + i and w = 1 i. Find, in the form x + iy,

(i)

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(ii)
03

2c

2e

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02

Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities

hold simultaneously.

Suppose that the complex number z lies on the unit circle, and 0 arg (z)

2a

Let z = 1 + 2i and w = 1 + i. Find, in the form x + iy,

(i)
(ii)

2b

zw
1
w

1
1

On an Argand diagram, shade in the region where the inequalities

0 Re z 2 and |z 1 + i| 2 both hold.

HSC

02

Prove that 2 arg (z + 1) = arg (z).

HSC

02

|z 1 i| < 2 and 0 < arg(z 1 - i) <

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03

zw
4
z

2d

Prove by induction that, for all integers n 1, (cos i sin )n = cos n i sin n.

2e

Let z = 2(cos + i sin ).

HSC

02

(i)

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(ii)
(iii)
02

7b

HSC

Find 1 z .

1
1 2 cos
Show that the real part of
is
.
1 z
5 4 cos
1
Express the imaginary part of
in terms of .
1 z

Suppose 0 < , <

and define complex numbers zn by

zn = cos( + n ) + i sin( + n ) for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. The

points P0, P1, P2 and P3 are the points in the Argand diagram
that correspond to the complex numbers z0, z0 + z1 ,
z0 + z1 + z2 and z0 + z1 + z2 + z3 respectively. The angles

0, 1 and 2 are the external angles at P0, P1 and P2 as

shown in the diagram below.
(i)

Using vector addition, explain why 0 = 1 = 2 = .

(ii)

Show that P0 O P1 = P0 P2 P1, and explain why

O P0 P1 P2 is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(iii)

Show that P0 P1 P2 P3 is a cyclic quadrilateral, and explain why the points O, P0,

P1, P2 and P3 are concyclic.

(iv)
01

2a

Suppose that z0 + z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 = 0. Show that =

Let z = 2 + 3i and w = 1 + i.

2
5

2
2

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

Find zw and

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01

2b

(ii)

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01

2c

2d

Express 1 + 3 i in modulus-argument form.

Hence evaluate (1 + 3 i)

10

in the form x + iy.

Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities

arg z

1
1
3

both hold.

Find all solutions of the equation z4 = 1.

Give your answers in modulus-argument form.

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01

1
in the form x + iy.
w

|z + 1 2i| 3 and -

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01

(i)

Page 4

2e

In the diagram the vertices of a triangle ABC are

represented by the complex numbers z1, z2 and z3,

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respectively. The triangle is isosceles and rightangled

at B.

2
2

(i)

Explain why (z1 z2) = (z3 z2) .

(ii)

Suppose D is the point such that ABCD is a

square. Find the complex number, expressed

in
01

7a

HSC

terms of z1, z2 and z3, that represents D.

1
Suppose that z = (cos + i sin ) where is real.
2
(i)

Find |z|.

(ii)

Show that the imaginary part of the geometric series

1
2 sin
1 + z + z2 + z3 + =
is
.
1 z
5 4 cos
1
1
1
Find an expression for 1 +
cos +
cos 2 +
cos 3 + in terms of
2
2
2
23

(iii)

cos .
00

2a

Find all pairs of integers x and y that satisfy (x + iy)2 = 24 + 10i.

2c

(i)

Let z = cos

(ii)

Plot, on the Argand diagram, all complex numbers that are solutions of z6 = 1.

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00
HSC

00
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2d

+ i sin

. Find z6.

Sketch the region in the Argand diagram that satisfies the inequality

z z + 2(z+ z ) 0

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

00

2e

Page 5

In the Argand diagram, OABC is a rectangle,

where OC = 2OA. The vertex A corresponds to

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the complex number .

(i)

What complex number corresponds to the

vertex C?

(ii)

What complex number corresponds to the

point of intersection D of the diagonals OB
and AC?

99

2a

2b

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99

2c

Let = 1 + i 3 .

(i)

Find the exact value of || and arg .

(ii)

Find the exact value of

11

in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where the two inequalities
|z i| 2 and 0 arg (z + 1)

HSC

99

Express the following in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers:
2
(i)
zw
(ii)
iw

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99

Let z = 3 + 2i and w = 1 + i.

2e

to

complex

numbers

z1

and

both hold.

The points A and B in the complex plane

correspond

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z2

respectively. Both triangles OAP and OBQ are

right-angled isosceles triangles.
(i)

Explain why P corresponds to the complex

number (1 + i) z1.

(ii)

Let M be the midpoint of PQ. What

complex
99

8a

HSC

number corresponds to M?
2
2
Let = cos
+ i sin
. The complex number = + 2 + 4 is a root of the
7
7

quadratic equation x2 + ax + b = 0, where a and b are real.

(i)

Prove that 1 + + 2 + + 6 = 0.

(ii)

The second root of the quadratic equation is . Express in terms of positive

powers of . Justify your answer.

(iii)
(iv)
98

Find the values of the coefficients a and b.

7

2
3
+ sin
+ sin
=
.
Deduce that sin
7
7
7
2

2a

Evaluate i1998.

2b

Let z =

HSC

98
HSC

(i)

18 + 4i
3i

Simplify (18 + 4i) ( 3 i )

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

98

2c

(ii)

Express z in the form a + ib, where a and b are real numbers.

(iii)

Hence, or otherwise, find |z| and arg (z).

Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities

|z 2 + i| 2 and Im(z) 0 both hold.

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98

Page 6

2d

The points P and Q in the complex plane

correspond to the complex numbers z and w

HSC

respectively. The triangle OPQ is isosceles and

POQ is a right angle.

Show that z2 + w2 = 0.
98

7a

HSC

(i)

97

2a

HSC

97

2b

(ii)

Find one of the roots of P(z) = 0 in exact form.

(iii)

Hence find all the roots of P(z) = 0.

(i)

Express

3 - i in modulusargument form.

(ii)

Hence evaluate ( 3 - i)

(i)

Simplify (-2i)3 .

(ii)

HSC

5 4
z + 1. The complex number w is a root of P(z) = 0.
2
1
Show that iw and
are also roots of P(z) = 0.
w

Let P(z) = z8 -

4
3

Hence find all complex numbers z such that z = 8i. Express your answers in
the form x+iy.

97

2c

hold.

HSC

97

Sketch the region where the inequalities |z 3 + i| 5 and |z + 1| |z 1| both

2d

Let w =

3 + 4i
5 + 12i
and z =
, so that |w| = |z| = 1
5
13

HSC

(i)

Find wz and w z in the form x+iy.

(ii)

Hence find two distinct ways of writing 652 as the sum a2 + b2, where a and b
are integers and 0 < a < b.

97

8b

The diagram shows points O, R, S, T, and U in

the complex plane. These points correspond to

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the

complex

numbers

0,

r,

s,

t,

and

respectively. The
triangles ORS and OTU are equilateral.
Let = cos

+ i sin

(i)

Explain why u = t.

(ii)

Find the complex number r in terms of s.

(iii)

Using complex numbers, show that the

lengths of RT and SU are equal.

96

2a

Suppose that c is a real number, and that z = c - i.

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

Express the following in the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers:

HSC

96

2b

(i)

(iz )

(ii)

1
z

On an Argand diagram, shade the region specified by both the conditions

2c

(i)

Prove by induction that (cos + i sin )n = cos(n) + i sin(n) for all

integers n 1.

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96

Re(z) 4 and |z 4 + 5i| 3

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96

Page 7

2d

3 i in modulusargument form.

(ii)

Express w=

(iii)

Hence express w5 in the form x + iy, where x and y are real numbers.

The diagram shows the locus of points z in the

complex plane such that

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arg(z 3) arg(z + 1) =

This locus is part of a circle. The angle between

the lines from 1 to z and from 3 to z is , as
shown.
Copy this diagram into your Writing Booklet.

95

(i)

Explain why =

(ii)

Find the centre of the circle.

2a

Let w1 = 8 2i and w2 = -5 + 3i. Find w1+ w 2 .

2b

(i)

Show that (1 2i)2 = -3 4i.

(ii)

Hence solve the equation z2 5z + (7 + i) = 0.

HSC

95
HSC

95

2c

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95
HSC

2d

Sketch the locus of z satisfying:

3
(i)
arg(z 4) =
4

5
(ii)

Im z = |z|

The diagram shows a complex plane with origin O. The

points P and Q represent arbitrary non-zero complex

numbers z and w respectively. Thus the length of PQ is
|z w|.
(i)

Copy the diagram into your Writing Booklet,

and use it to show that |z w | |z| + |w|.

(ii)

Construct the point R representing z + w.

What can be said about the quadrilateral OPRQ?

(iii)

If |z w| = |z + w|, what can be said about the complex number

w
?
z

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HSC by Topic 1995 to 2006 Complex Numbers

A
HSC

2006 2a.(i)8+6i (ii)1-17i (iii)

cis(

),-1, cis(-

Page 8

1 17
5
i 2b.(i)2cis(- ) (ii) 128cis(
)(iii) -64 3 +64i
10 10
6
6

) 2d.(i)5+3i (ii)major 10, minor 9 (iii)0 arg(z)

(ii)2-4i (iii)3+3i 2b.(i) 2cis(2a.(i)5+5i (ii)2+4i 2b.(i)

) (ii) 32cis(

3 +1
3 1
+i
2
2

2005 2a.(i)7+3i

) (iii)16+i16 3 2d.(iii)+ve y-axis

(ii)2cis

(iii) 2 cis

12

2c.

(iv)

3 1

2004
7b.(iii)xx

2 3

1 i
1 2 cos
- 2e.(i)(1-2cos)+2isin (ii)
2 2
5 4 cos
2 sin
1i

3
(iii)
2001 2a.-1+5i,
2b.(i)2cis
(ii)-512[1+i 3 ] 2d.cis , cis
,
2
4
4
5 4 cos
3

3
2(2 cos )
1
cis
, cis
2e.(ii) z1+ z2 z3 7a.(i) (iii)
2000 2a.x=5 y=1 or x=-5 y=-1
4
4
2
5 4 cos

3
5

3
5
w
2c.(i)-1 (ii) cis , cis
, cis
, cis
, cis
, cis
2e.(i)2iw (ii) +iw
1999
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
(1 + i )z1 + (1 i )z 2

2a.(i)-5+i (ii)-1+i 2b.(i)2,

(ii)210 i. 210 3 2e.(ii)
8a.(iii)xx 1998
2
3
1
1
2a.-1 2b.(i)50+30i (ii)5+3i (iii) 34 , 0.54 rad 7a.(ii) 4 2 (iii) 4 2 , 4 2 i,
,
i
4
4
2
2

33 66i 63 16i
1997 2a.(i)2(cos -isin ) (ii)-26 2b.(i)8i (ii) 3 +i, - 3 +i, -2i 2d.(i)
+
6
6
65
65
65 65
c
i

(ii)332+652 or 632+162 8b.(ii) r=s w

1996 2a.(i)1-ic (ii) 2
+ 2
2c.(ii)2(cos 6
c +1
c +1

2
isin ) (iii)-16 3 -16i 2d.(ii)(1,
)
1995 2a.3-5i 2b.(i)-3-4i (ii)3-i,2+i
6
3
2003 2a.(i)1+3i (ii)

8 4i
5 5

2d.(ii)parallelogram (iii)

2002 2a.(i)3+i (ii)

w
is imaginary
z

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