AUA anatomy

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The gonadal vein travels medial or lateral to the ureter?

lateral

Which nerve can be damaged with radical orchiectomy and what de

cits do you get?

ilioinguinal nerve: numbness to anterior scrotum and medial thigh

what does the obturator nerve do?

motor to adductor thigh muscles; sensory to medial thigh; can be in

jured during RP PLND

what plexus of nerves can be damaged with division of the lateral

pedicles of the bladder and prostate?

pelvic (inf hypogastric) autonomic plexus; gives rise to cavernosal n

erves

what plexus is responsible for ejaculation?

superior hypogastric plexus: includes the celiac + rst 4 lumbar spl

anchnics; travels anterior to aorta

describe the pelvic course of the ureter in a male and female.

Male: crossed anteriorly by vas, then runs with inf vesical artery/ve
in to the bladder Female: runs posterior to ovary then turns mediall
y, running deep to base of broad ligament; crossed anteriorly by ut
erine a. then travels 1-4 cm on ant. vaginal wall to bladder

where does the ovarian vessel lie in relation to the pelvic ureter?

crosses iliac vessels anterior and lateral to the ureter

what is the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic ureter?

external, internal and common iliac nodes

AUA anatomy
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describe the location of the bladder neck.

3-4cm behind midpt of pubic symphysis; rmly xed by endopelvic

fascia and its continuity with the prostate

how thick is the urothelium?

6 cells thick and sits on BM

what is the lamina propria of the bladder?

the thick layer of broelastic connective tissue underneath the urot

helium; contains blood vessels and smooth muscle bers (musculari
s mucosa)

describe the muscularis propria.

inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal layers

what is waldeyer's sheath?

bromuscular sheath extending over the ureter 2-3cm from the bla
dder and follows it to the trigone (persistence = ureterocele)

what is a hutch diverticulum?

herniation of bladder wall at weakest pt of detrusor hiatus, above u

reter; thought to be from chronically elevated intravesical pressure
s

what is the composition of the prostate?

70% glandular and 30% bromuscular stroma

what are the 3 main zones of the prostate?

TZ: 5-10% gland, BPH; only ~20% PrCa central: 25% gland, wolan
in origin (distinct from rest of gland); 1-5% PrCa peripheral: 75% gl
and posterolateral aspect; 70% PrCa

AUA anatomy
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what is the major contributor to volume of ejaculate?

seminal uid stored in the SV's, 70% of ejaculate; contributes fructo

se

what are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?

IPP BP/CP: inf rectal, post scrotal, perineal, artery bulb of penis, co
mmon penile

what is urethra lined with?

proximally by columnar, distally by squamous epithelium

why is ecchymosis conned to the penile shaft in penile fx?

penile fx tears tunica albuginea but is contained by Buck's fascia

what are the layers surrounding the penis?

skin, dartos, tela subfascialis, buck's, tunica albuginea

What are the 3 branches of the posterior branch of the internal ilia
c artery?

pALS: ascending lumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal

what are the 8 branches of the anterior branch of the internal iliac
artery?

OSIOMUII: obliterated umbilical, superior vesical, inf vesical, obturat

or, middle rectal, uterine, inf gluteal, internal pudendal

what is lacunae of Morgagni?

small diverticulae formed by the periurethral glands of Littre

AUA anatomy
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what does the scrotal midline raphe represent?

runs from meatus to anus and represents fusion of genital tubercle

s (urogenital/urethral folds)

what is the bell clapper deformity?

decient gubernaculum and testicular mesentery

what is the dierence b/w the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum vs

the penis?

scrotal lymphatics DO NOT cross median raphe and drain into ipsila
teral supercial nodes only; penile lymphatics drainage can cross o
ver

what is the spermatic cord made of?

vas (posterior), testicular artery, pampiniform plexus and testicular

vein, spermatic fascia and cremasterics, lymphatics

what is the blood supply to the testis?

testicular a (from aorta), cremasteric a (from inf epigastrics o ext

iliac), vasal artery (sup vesical) 3 vessels anastomose near the tail

what is a martius ap?

a rotational ap from the labial fat pad used for repair of stula; fe
d by the ext pudendal vessels (br of femoral vessels)

describe the muscle pattern of the ureter.

inner longitudinal + outer circular 3rd outer smooth muscle layer in

distal ureter

describe the muscle pattern of the bladder.

muscularis propria: inner long, middle circular, outer long

AUA anatomy
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what are the 8 main functions of the kidney?

WEB DECAF Waste excretion Electrolyte regulation BP control Drug

metabolism Epo production Ca and PO4 metabolism (vit D) Acid-bas
e regulation Fluid homeostasis

describe the muscle pattern of the male urethra.

inner long, middle circular (preprostatic sphincter for BN continence

) innervated by sympathetics, outer long only on post aspect of bla
dder to bolster trigone

describe the muscle pattern of the female urethra.

inner long, poorly developed or non-existent middle and outer layer

s (limited sphincter function)