National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS

By
PRABHAT KIRAN PADHY
&
NILADRI BIHARI NAYAK

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS
WHAT IS PLASMONICS ?

A technology that squeezes electromagnetic waves

into minuscule structures .
Mechanism:
Light beam striking a metal surface generates
plasmons,electron density waves that can carry huge
amounts of data.
If focused on surface etched with circular groove the
beam produces concentric waves organizing electrons
into high & low density rings.
Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS

Features
Frequency < plasma frequency -> reflected
Frequency > plasma frequency -> transmitted
Lower attenuation.
Generate signal in X-ray range .
Independent of resistive & capacitive effect.
Higher data transmission.

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS

Unique Properties of Surface Plasmons

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP):
electro-magnetic wave confined at the metal surface

overcome diffraction limit:

nano-optical components
light on a wire
Strongly enhanced local fields:
resonant build-up, lightning-rod effect
100-nm Ag triangle

non-linear optical effects, sensors

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

PLASMONICS
National Institute of Science & Technology

Dispersion relation

free-electron model:
2

plasma
waves

bulk plasma frequency

p:

~9 eV

generation of SPP on flat metal surface

SPP

conservation of energy and momentum

kx,light kSPP

kx

detection of SPP
invisible with traditional optics
Ez

~ 100 nm

~ 10 nm

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Enhanced Raman Scattering by
strong local fields: ~ E4
Lightning-rod effect, plasmon
resonances on nanostructured,
nanoparticle surfaces

SERS from plasmon focal spot on

surface: E-fields, molecule orientations

Rhodamine 6G,
7 molar, 5 mW HeNe unfocused

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

PLASMONICS

1.0

Transmission

National Institute of Science & Technology

Focusing of SPP

0.5
0

SP TUNNELING
200 nm
50 nm Ag
100 nm Cr

Substrate

200

400 600 800 1000

gap size (nm)

Calculated transmission
bright focused spot,
high near-field intensity on flat
metal surface
coherent superposition: ~N2

Ag/Cr-bilayer

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS
APPLICATIONS OF PLASMONICS:

Plasmonic LED
SPASER:Plasmonic analog of LASER
Plasmonsters : A faster chip
Invisibility Cloak : Lets fun with Mr. India
Plasmonic Nanoshell Therapy

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS
All-optical plasmonic gate
Incorporate optically active elements in SPP guides:

E2

non-linear materials: 3BCMU,

(3)

E3

~ 10-10 esu

modulate transmission with control beam, all-optical signal processing

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS

In a nutshell
It will drive us to a world of high speed
communication network where we can convey
voluminous streams of voice communication
and vast amount of data

Sankalp-2007

Prabhat & Niladri

10

National Institute of Science & Technology

PLASMONICS

Sankalp-2007
Prabhat & Niladri

11