Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Partial fulfillment of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Submitted by
AARTI SABOO
1201310079
Underwent at
JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY, KOLKATA
Submitted to
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Department of Software Engineering
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SRM UNIVERSITY
(Under section 3of UGC Act, 1956)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203
Kancheepuram District
JUNE 2016
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Contents
Abstract
Industrial Training
2.1 Industrial Training at a Glance
2.2 Details about important areas
Android Development
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Foundation
3.3 Software Stack
3.4 Development tools
3.5 Versions and Updates
3.6 Market share of android
3.7 Implementation
Conclusion
4.1 Summary
4.2 Personal Experience
Page No
ABSTRACT
As a part of my B-Tech curriculum, I gathered a first-hand experience in
ANDROID DEVELOPMENT with JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY(JMA).
At JMA, I got a better understanding of the core concepts of android, its major
features, scope of android in market presently and in future along with a rich
exposure to the software industry in development area.
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and
currently developed by Google. Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile
devices in more than 190 countries around the world. It's the largest installed base
of any mobile platform and growing fastevery day another million users power
up their Android devices for the first time and start looking for apps, games, and
other digital content. Android gives you a world-class platform for creating apps
and games for Android users everywhere, as well as an open marketplace for
distributing to them instantly. Android applications are primarily written in the
Java programming language. During development the developer creates the
Android specific configuration files and writes the application logic in the Java
programming language.
Google offers the Google Play service, a marketplace in which programmers can
offer their Android applications to Android users. Customers use the Google
Play application which allows them to buy and install applications from the
Google Play service.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
1.1 NATURE OF BUSINES AND ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRY
JULLENDER MOTOR AGENCY(JMA) (JMA) is an optional industry-recognized
certification for those pursuing a career path in IT infrastructure, database design,
or software development. HCL is an entry point to IT certification and job
preparation. It enhances the IT career path by rendering an increased and solid
understanding of IT fundamentals and validating core knowledge. It also provides
an exposure to the current scenarios in the software industry to all its associates.
Through its IT curriculum, students are given the opportunity to explore IT pro and
Software Development careers choosing a specialized path.
JMA CDC is a owned subsidiary of JMA Infosystems Ltd. It covers the entire
spectrum of education and training requirements across universities, colleges,
individuals and enterprises. Career Development Centre (CDC) is the training arm
of JMA Learning Ltd. It offers a complete spectrum of quality training programs
and various other new-age courses as per the trends & demands of the industry.
2 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
2.1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AT A GLANCE
The industrial training continued for a period of 30 days which saw 8 hours of
sessions per week under the able guidance and supervision of the trainer well
versed in android development along with his team of 3 assistants to monitor every
trainee.
A certification was rendered for authentication when the training was completed
and the performance during the training period was evaluated on the basis of the
internal test conducted by JMA for all trainees of the course.
INTRODUCTION
FOUNDATION
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
SOFTWARE STACK
VERSIONS AND UPDATES
MARKET SHARE OF ANDROID OS
IMPLEMENTATION
1 INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel and
currently developed by Google. With a user interface based on direct
manipulation, Android is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices
such as smartphones and tablet computers, with specialized user interfaces
for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android Auto), and wrist watches
(Android Wear).
The OS uses touch inputs that loosely correspond to real-world actions, like
swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen
objects, and a virtual keyboard. Despite being primarily designed for
touchscreen input, it also has been used in game consoles, digital cameras,
and other electronics.
Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made,
low-cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices. Android's
open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and
enthusiasts to use the open-source code as a foundation for communitydriven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android
to devices which were officially released running other operating systems.
The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as
part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.
Androids openness has made it a favorite for consumers and developers
alike, driving strong growth in app consumption. Android users download
more than 1.5 billion apps and games from Google Play each month. With
its partners, Android is continuously pushing the boundaries of hardware and
software forward to bring new capabilities to users and developers. For
developers, Android innovation lets you build powerful, differentiated
applications that use the latest mobile technologies.
2 FOUNDTION OF ANDROID
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy
Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire
Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White
(headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's
words "smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location
and preferences".
Google acquired Android Inc. on August 17, 2005; key employees of
Android Inc., including Rubin, Miner, and White, stayed at the company
after the acquisition. Not much was known about Android Inc. at the time,
but many assumed that Google was planning to enter the mobile phone
market with this move.
On November 5, 2007, the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of
technology companies including Google, device manufacturers such
as HTC, Sony and Samsung, wireless carriers such as Sprint Nextel and TMobile, and chipset makers such as Qualcomm and Texas Instruments,
unveiled itself, with a goal to develop open standards for mobile devices.
That day, Android was unveiled as its first product, a mobile
device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.25. The first
commercially available smartphone running Android was the HTC Dream,
released on October 22, 2008.
In 2010, Google launched its Nexus series of devices a line of smartphones
and tablets running the Android operating system, and built by
manufacturing partners. HTC collaborated with Google to release the first
Nexus smartphone, the Nexus One. Google has since updated the series with
newer devices, such as the Nexus 5 phone (made by LG) and
the Nexus 7 tablet (made by Asus). Google releases the Nexus phones and
tablets to act as their flagship Android devices, demonstrating Android's
latest software and hardware features.
The Android Developer Tools (ADT) are based on the Eclipse IDE. ADT is a
set of components (plug-ins), which extend the Eclipse IDE with Android
development capabilities. Both IDEs contain all required functionality to
create, compile, debug and deploy Android applications. They also allow the
developer to create and start virtual Android devices for testing.
The Android stack, as the folks over at Google call it, has a number of layers, and
each layer groups together several programs.
Following are the different layers in the Android stack:
KERNEL LAYER
At the bottom of the Android stack is the Linux Kernel. It never really interacts
with the users and developers, but is at the heart of the whole system. Its
importance stems from the fact that it provides the following functions in the
Android system:
Hardware Abstraction
Memory Management Programs
Security Settings
Power Management Software
Other Hardware Drivers (Drivers are programs that control hardware
devices.)
Support for Shared Libraries
Network Stack
The next layer in the Android architecture includes Androids native libraries.
Libraries carry a set of instructions to guide the device in handling different types
of data. For instance, the playback and recording of various audio and video
formats is guided by the Media Framework Library.
Open Source Libraries:
Surface Manager: composing windows on the screen
SGL: 2D Graphics
Open GL|ES: 3D Library
Media Framework: Supports playbacks and recording of various
audio, video and picture formats.
Free Type: Font Rendering
Web Kit: Browser Engine
libc (System C libraries)
SQLite
Open SSL
Dalvik is open-source software. Dan Bornstein, who named it after the fishing
village of Dalvk in Eyjafjrur, Iceland, where some of his ancestors lived,
originally wrote Dalvic VM. It is the software responsible for running apps on
Android devices.
Our applications directly interact with these blocks of the Android architecture.
These programs manage the basic functions of phone like resource management,
voice call management etc.
Important blocks of Application Framework:
APPLICATION LAYER
The applications are at the topmost layer of the Android stack. An average user of
the Android device would mostly interact with this layer (for basic functions, such
as making phone calls, accessing the Web browser etc.). The layers further down
are accessed mostly by developers, programmers and the likes.
Several standard applications come installed with every device, such as:
PRE-COMMERCIAL VERSIONS
Alpha
There were at least two internal releases inside Google and the OHA before the
Beta was released in November 2007. For the milestones in internal releases,
names of fictional robots were chosen, with various releases code-named "Astro
Boy", "Bender" and "R2-D2". Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos,
but the current green Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.[6] The project
manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived of the confections naming scheme that has been
used for the majority of the public releases, starting with Android 1.5.
Beta
The Beta was released on November 5, 2007, while the software development
kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.The November 5 date is popularly
celebrated as Android's "birthday".
Froyo is actually concatenated from "frozen yogurt", but is also a brand name. It is
a frozen dessert made from yogurt, so it is slightly sourer, but also lower in fat.
The worldwide smartphone market grew 25.3% year over year in the second
quarter of 2014 (2014Q2), establishing a new single quarter record of 301.3
million shipments, according to data from the International Data Corporation
(IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker. This is the first time ever
quarterly smartphone shipments have surpassed the 300 million unit mark,
representing a major milestone for the industry. Following a very strong first
quarter, the market grew 5.2% sequentially, fueled by ongoing demand for mobile
computing and an abundance of low-cost smartphones. Second quarter shipments
were in line with IDC's forecast and all expectations are that the market will
continue apace in the second half of the year and will likely once again surpass 300
million units in 2014Q3.
Android continues to dominate the global smartphone market, with over 255
million units shipped and nearly 85% of the market share in the second quarter of
2014. Most of Android's strength this quarter was fueled by gains in the low
7 IMPLEMENTATION
CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE AT TRAINING
1 SUMMARY