13 Jul 2013 12:17:35 - Q3.

sm

Question 3
a
Most HVAC equipment is designed to perform during peak loads. These loads occur
rarely during the operating year. Centrifugal pumps and fans ,therefore, are also
sized to meet the maximum flow of the system.
Power consumption in rotating machinery is directly proportional to the cube of
speed which means reducing speed by 20% could produce energy savings of nearly 50%.
Putting theory into practice. By varying the frequency of electrical current
supplied to the motor with constant V/f inverter can reduce a motor rotational
speed to match the workload more precisely which multiplies energy savings.
(5 Marks)

0.241

0.332

Rated conditions
V

i.

440

50 Hz

25 746
50
2
2 1 0.03
4

rated

122.4016

rated

At 2.5 Hz

3 i 4

th

Re Z

th

1
i X

i X
X

th

18.81

th

m
X

35
3

3.3082

th

18.81 3.3082 i

th
V

19.098699

th

th
2

148.0018

start

2.5
50

0.0909

th

V
th

Im Z

th

s R

start

26.3

m
X

i X

0.2153

th

2.5
50

0.464

th

i X
V

0.0553 0.0232 1.315

i X
Z

2.5
50

1.106

2.5
2
4

ii.

Nm

th

Nm

(6 Marks)

At 75 Hz

75
50

75
2
4

1.106

th

th

Re Z
i X

i X

1
i X

i X
1

440
3

26.3

75
50

254.0341

m
X

th

m
1

V
m

243.7739

th

th

75
50

1.659 0.696 39.45

i X
Z

0.464

th

Im Z

th

0.221933 1.59335 i

th

243.773907 1.429116 i

1.429116

243.7781

Pull-out torque

R
s

m
R

max

2
th

max

th

R
th s

150.0105

0.144343

2
2

th
2

s
R

s
X

Nm

th

2
m

(6 Marks)

1/3

13 Jul 2013 12:17:35 - Q3.sm

iii.

100

R
s

3 V

2
th
R
2

100
2

th

s 0.0439

60
r 2

1 s

2151.2764

rpm

As the pull-out torque at 75 Hz is still much larger than the load torque
and operating slip is approximately 4%, the drive is capable in handling
the load for frequency 50-75Hz. At low frequencies the load torque can be
handled by proper IR compensation. The drive capability is adequate for
this load application.
(8 Marks)

2/3