-Lab Time= Learning time!

Use your time wisely

-Learn by doing- spend quality time with your tutors and
in lab.
-Practice! Spelling, mock practicals
-Draw out structures-> especially blood vessels, nerves
(brachial plexus, anastomoses, etc.)
-Mnemonics!
-Use your resources if you feel overwhelmed:
Big Sibling/Tutors/Fellows/Professors
-YouTube it (ask tutors/Big sibs for best videos)
-Essential Anatomy 5 (add muscle package for .99c)
-Color Atlas of Anatomy (real anatomy pictures)

Anatomical variations between individuals

MAY compress sciatic nerve= pain/sciatica

Deep Back
Erector Spinae: I Love Spaghetti
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis muscles
(lateral to medial)
Transversospinalis: Some More Ragu
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
(Note semispinalis capitis is superficial to cervicis)

Suboccipital Region/Triangle
Bones: Atlas and Axis
Muscles: Rectus Capitis
Posterior Major and Minor,
Obliquus Capitis Superior and
Inferior
Contents: Suboccipital Nerve
and Vertebral Artery (Very Deep)

Innervation: Suboccipital n.

Clinical Correlation
occipital neuralgia:
irritation of greater
(dorsal rami C2) and
lesser (ventral rami C2)
occipital nerves
radiating neck pain (C2
dermatome)

Cervical trauma
Dislocation of cervical vertebrae: Dislocate
more easily; severe dislocation can damage
spinal cord
Burst fracture (Jefferson): C1 lateral
masses are compressed between occipital
condyles and C2 fracture of anterior
and/or posterior arches of C1, can also
rupture transverse l. dislocation
o Sudden forceful compression
Vertebral fracture (Hangmans fracture):
pars interarticularis d/t hyperextension of
neck, traumatic spondylolysis of C2

Cervical Trauma
Fracture of dens (C2) or body of axis d/t
horizontal blow to head

Herniations
Nucleus Pulposus breaks
through Annulus Fibrosus
Repetitive Motion Trauma or
Acute Injury
Usually in Lumbar Region &
Posterolateral direction
o Because of the smaller
width of the Posterior

Longitudinal
Ligament

Spondylolysis - Scottie dog

fracture

spondylolisthesis - listing to the front

Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis

SpondyloLYSIS - Broken Vertebra
Trauma or Degeneration
Common Cause of Spondylolisthesis
Commonly Broken: pars interarticularis
o Located between the Superior and Inferior Articular
Facets Scottie Dog Fracture
SpondyloLISTHESIS - Slipped Vertebra
o Anterior Displacement of Vertebrae
o 2 to spondylolysis, congenital
o
o