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GEOSEA XIV CONGRESS AND 45TH IAGI ANNUAL CONVENTION 2016 (GIC 2016)
Trans Luxury Hotel, Bandung, October 10 13, 2016
Introduction
The study area is at coordinates S 114o 29 '00' '114o 55' 00 '' and S 01o 40 '00' '- 01o 45' 00 '', this area
administratively located in Buntok town which is included
in Dusun Selatan district, South Barito, Central Kalimantan
Province. Most of the area of South Barito Regency is a
lowland area with the average height around 0 to 40 meters
above of the sea level. Except a small partial area in the
Gunung Bintang Awai district is the highly mountainous
land. Buntok town located on the river bank (drainage
basin) of Barito. The flood disaster that ever happened was
in 2005 desperately bring many losses in infrastructure.
Furthermore flooding leads to paralysis of office activities,
education, and economy in Buntok, therefore the area is
considered a disaster-prone areas and regional development
is not sustainable that the town considerably should be
relocated to safer location. Regionally geomorphology of
study area is lowland characterized by peat bogs, floodplain
swamps and lakes.
Flooding has become a major natural disaster
problem in study area therefore This study aims to
observed
the
geological
conditions
including
geomorphologic aspect as well as evidence of sediment
deposition as result of the flooding process and their effect
on the environment. The purpose of this study for showing
that the geological conditions of the present course is the
trigger of flood disaster. Buntok town population in number
is 56.291 based on Dusun Selatan population data of
Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS) of South Barito regency.
As the time go by the flood would give considerably
negative impact on sustainable development (esp. on
infrastructure) in giving area as well hampering the
economic and governance activity. That condition
considered as unsustainable development. Therefore a
proper study and environmental geology mapping (in form
of disaster-prone area map) due to this disaster performcondition is necessarily needed. Relocation to disaster-free
area is considerably recommended also.
Data and Method
This study uses primary data and secondary data
drawn from direct observation in the field, as well as
laboratory and studio analysis. The primary data consist of
geological mapping, sediment analysis, aerial photograph
interpretation and referring to previous study,
geomorphologic analysis, hydrology, sedimentology flood
sediment by means of manual drilling. In geological
mapping conducted geological mapping and the
interpretation of aerial photographs (using google earth
software) and Rupa Bumi Indonesia map (RBI Map) as
PROCEEDINGS
GEOSEA XIV CONGRESS AND 45TH IAGI ANNUAL CONVENTION 2016 (GIC 2016)
Trans Luxury Hotel, Bandung, October 1013, 2016
studio analysis. Geomorphological analysis conducted
through identification of land forms type, observations and
reconstruction of Barito river flow patterns. Hydrological
data are taken is groundwater level on average in several
locals well points around the Buntok town and river water
level on average of Barito river. Secondary data come from
population demographics of Buntok town or Dusun Selatan
district in general. In addition data of rainfall intensity in
Buntok obtained from the Meteorology Climatology and
Geophysics Agency (BMKG) of South Barito regency are
including. This study also refers to the regional geological
data and previous study obtained from scientific journals
publication and proceedings. After reviewed the literature
and retrieval of on-site data and laboratory analysis of the
entire data, at the end the whole data examined to explain
the geologic factors involved in flooding of Buntok town
and surrounding area. From that point then considered the
parameters of flood- prone area. As final result a floodprone of giving area would generate.
Result and Discussion
In general geological conditions of the study area is
composed by members of the quartz sandstone of Dahor
Formation with undulating hills morphology. Then on top
of it composed by young sediments are generally composed
by deposition floodplain with a thickness of 10 meters
with a variety of materials such as clay, sand, gravel to
gravel (Sutrisno, 1994). In creating a geological map based
on the observations of rock or sediment is exposed on the
surface then observed from the image and refer to previous
researchers.
PROCEEDINGS
GEOSEA XIV CONGRESS AND 45TH IAGI ANNUAL CONVENTION 2016 (GIC 2016)
Trans Luxury Hotel, Bandung, October 1013, 2016
with river valley forms a "U" dominant lateral erosion, with
water depth around the study area 3 to 5 meters so that if
the water discharge bigger then the river will overflowing
into the flood plain. As Barito drainage basin area, the
urban area is largely controlled by fluvial system such as
the gradual transfer of river channels, development of the
meandering river, stream sediment erosion and
sedimentation. Interpretation from remote sensing in the
southwestern side Buntok there is oxbow lake which can be
reconstructed that streams ever lead to urban areas.
PROCEEDINGS
GEOSEA XIV CONGRESS AND 45TH IAGI ANNUAL CONVENTION 2016 (GIC 2016)
Trans Luxury Hotel, Bandung, October 1013, 2016
found in Core-1. However, At a depth of 9 to 23 cm and 13
to 19 cm there is a clay material which is characterized by
reddish-brown color due to the suspension of mixed silt
carried by the river flow. In the same section also
encountered laminate structure, and there is appearance of a
clear boundary can be assumed the suspension process
occurred repeatedly. Organic materials also found either
from mollusk shells and carbon content derived from plants
that exist around the river or from upstream which is also
affected by the floods. During manual drilling process
determining the good drilling point is desperately
complicated. Because the study area dominated by fine
materials and clay are thus in the process of entering or
raising drill core was troublesome.
Disaster Prone Area
Results shows Buntok area morphologic is a flood
plains to be present precisely on the river bank. The urban
area present day located in Zone A area at high risk for
flooding because the topography are flat and directly
affected by fluctuation of the Barito river water. Pamait and
surrounding area is including to zone B which consider has
middle level of risk against flooding. Meanwhile, Sababilah
Bawah and the surrounding area is including to zone C with
low risk of flooding and are not affected directly towards
fluctuations of Barito river water. Then about Sanggu and
Sababilah located in zone D which consider as safe and
protected area from the danger of flooding. As a tropical
zone, Barito Selatan Regency have the average rainfall
index is 325.6 mm/year in 2013 (see table.3)
.
In 2009 to 2014, the average rainfall per year in South
Barito ranged from 228.9 mm to 325.6 mm.
Table 3: Average rainfall indexs in South Barito Regency
(Source: Meteorology & Geophysics Agency of Barito
Selatan Regency in Barito Selatan Dalam Angka 2015)
Conclusions
The level of land urban area currently stands at a height of
1 to 2 meters (local elevation). At this time the area are
residential area, offices, trade and many other sectors of life
so that urban areas are currently very vulnerable in the risk
of flooding due to overflow of the river Barito supported by
flat topography (0o to 2o). This study area is recently used
as residential, offices, trade and many other sectors of life.
Buntok elevation area of the city currently stands at 1-2
meters above sea level (local elevation) and considerably
has almost flat topography (0o to 2o). Geomorphological
this area is definitely a floodplain with the average level of
the highest rainfall in the last few years, namely in 2013
amounted to 325.6 mm/year . This fact showing that this
area is constantly at risk of flooding due to overflow of the
Barito river. Coring recorded flood sediments repeatedly
and created laminated clay. After a series of processes of
observation and analysis concluded that the former urban
area has high flood risk, so it is necessary to relocate to
safer area like Sababilah or Sanggu which located in zone
D. Further and detail research with parameters such as the
calculation of watershed area, value of wetness, as well as
more sophisticated methods of mechanic drilling is
recommended.
References
BPS, 2016, Kabupaten Barito Seletan Dalam Angka, 20052015.
Grenfell, S. E., Ellery, W. N., Grenfell. M.C, 2009,
Geography Departement Rhodes University, South
Africa.
Heryanto, R. 2010, Badan Geologi.1-14.
Soetrisno, Et all., 1994., Geological Research and
Development Center. Bandung.
Sukiyah, E., Haryanto, A.D., Zakaria, Z., 2004, Bulletin of
Scientific Contribution., Vol 2, 26-37.
Wakelin-king, G.A., Webb, A.J., 2007, Journal
Sedimentary Research., Vol 77 : 702-712.
Van Zuidam, R.A., 1983, Departement Of Geomorphology
and Geography ITC, Netherland.
Acknowledgements
Support from the Geological Engineering, HMTG GAIA,
Institut Sains & Teknologi AKPRIND Yogyakarta, help
and discussion with MBC Consulting, Juventus Karo Sekali
Naibobe, Nenden Lestari and Achmand Maulan Afrizal.