WSN and IoT Based Smart Homes and Their Extension to Smart

Buildings with Face Recognition

ABSTRACT
With advancement of Automation technology, life is getting simpler and easier in all
aspects. In todays world Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. With
the rapid increase in the number of users of internet over the past decade has made Internet a
part and parcel of life, and IOT is the latest and emerging internet technology. Internet of
things is a growing network of everyday object-from industrial machine to consumer goods
that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities. Home
Automation system (HAS) using IOT is a system that uses computers or mobile devices to
control basic home functions and features automatically through internet from anywhere
around the world, an automated home is sometimes called a smart home. It is meant to save
the electric power and human energy. The home automation system differs from other system
by allowing the user to operate the system from anywhere around the world through internet
connection.
The main objectives of this project is to design and implement a home automation
system using IoT that is capable of controlling and automating most of the house appliances
through an easy manageable web interface. In this project a home automation system
employs cloud networking, wireless communication, to provide the user with remote control
of various lights, fans, and appliances within their home and storing the data in the database.
This system uses PC based program to provide a means of user interface to the consumer.

Literature survey on internet of things (IOT)

The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982, with a modified
Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first internet-connected
appliance, able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold. Mark
Weiser's seminal 1991 paper on ubiquitous computing, "The Computer of the 21st Century",
as well as academic venues such as UbiComp and PerCom produced the contemporary vision
of IOT. In 1994 Reza Raji described the concept in Spectrums [moving] small packets of data
to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to
entire factories Between 1993 and 1996 several companies proposed solutions

like Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. However, only in 1999 did the field start
gathering momentum. Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device (D2D) communication as part of
his "Six Webs" framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1999.
The concept of the Internet of Things first became popular in 1999, through
the Auto-ID

Center at MIT and

related

market-analysis

publications. Radio-frequency

identification (RFID) was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID
Center) as a prerequisite for the Internet of Things at that point. If all objects and people in
daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and inventory
them. Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies
as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.
One of the first consequences of implementing the Internet of Things by equipping all
objects in the world with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers
would be to transform daily life. For instance, instant and ceaseless inventory control would
become ubiquitous. A person's ability to interact with objects could be altered remotely based
on immediate or present needs, in accordance with existing end-user agreements. For
example, such technology could grant motion-picture publishers much more control over
end-user private devices by remotely enforcing copyright restrictions and digital restrictions
management, so the ability of a customer who bought a Blue-ray disc to watch the movie
becomes dependent on so-called "copyright holder's" decision, similar to Circuit City's
failed DIVX.
As of 2014, the vision of the Internet of Things has evolved due to a convergence of
multiple technologies, ranging from wireless communication to the Internet and from
embedded systems to micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). This means that the
traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems,
automation (including home and building automation), and others all contribute to enabling
the Internet of Things (IoT).

INTRODUCTION
Innovations in technology mostly emerge from the needs of human society. The 21st century
is the era of prompt advancement in digital technology. Most of this technology is focused on
proficiently monitoring and controlling different activities. Homes of the 21st century will

become more and more self controlled and automated due to the comfort it provides,
especially when employed in a private home. A home automation system is a means that
allow users to control electric appliances of varying kind. Many existing, well-established
home automation systems are based on wired communication. This does not pose a problem
until the system is planned well in advance and installed during the physical construction of
the building.
This project employs the web cam in the authentication for home entrance which enhances
home security as well as easiness of home entering process and the user can monitor the
electric appliances like lights, fan etc through the internet via web server. The required lights
are turned on/off and the speed of the fan can be controlled wirelessly through zigbee. If the
lights or any electrical appliances are left on in hurry can be seen and turned off remotely
through simply typing the IP address of the web server. The data to be transmitted and
received wirelessly through zigbee is collected by local home gateway computer. The
database will be provided to store the required information.

DESCRIPTION
Many embedded systems have substantially different designs according to their
functions and utilities. In this project design, structured modular design concept is adopted
and the system is mainly composed of a single microcontroller, LCD, l293, CPU fan, LED
lamp, relay, alarm, 3 pin socket and zigbee and internet.
The microcontroller located at the centre of the block diagram forms the control unit of the
entire project. Embedded within the microcontroller is a program that helps the
microcontroller to take action based on the inputs provided.
In this project the database will be created which contains the information about monitoring
the home appliances like light, fan and any electrical device. The web cam is provided to find
any authentication for home entrance, and the required lights are turned on/off and the speed
of the fan can be controlled wirelessly through zigbee. If the lights or any electrical
appliances are left on in hurry can be seen and turned off remotely through simply typing the
IP address of the web server.
Renesas (RL78) is 16 bit architecture, it has 64 I/O pin (R5F100LE). It has 11 I/O
ports, 64kB ROM, 4kB RAM,1 watch dog timer,I2C protocol, 3 UARTs, 10 bit ADC, 8
Timers, on chip debug function, high speed on-chip oscillator.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, based
on Liquid Crystal Technology liquid crystal display consists of an array of tiny segments
(called pixels) that can be manipulated to present information. LCDs are used in a wide range
of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit
displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming
devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones.
ZigBee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication
protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios. Its low
power consumption limits transmission distances to 10100 meters line-of-sight, depending
on power output and environmental characteristics.
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits) or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal.
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on
either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors
simultaneously in any direction.
Demo points:
Heart of the project is micro controller Renesas (R5F100LE), as electrical appliances instead
of normal fan, small CPU fan is used, and led lamps are used as lights for demo purpose and
3 pin sockets are used to control any electrical device. The speed of fan is controlled using
PWM (pulse width modulation) for three levels fan speed is varied off, medium and high.
Pwm is inbuilt in Renesas controller, by giving on time and off time the pwm is obtained.
Lights are turned on and off by giving high and low pulse from controller. If any
authentication is observed is intimated through alarm, the electrical appliances are controlled
wirelessly through zigbee and if the lights or any electrical appliances are left on in hurry can
be seen and turned off remotely through simply typing the IP address of the web server.

Block diagram

Pwm

LCD

CPU Fan

L293

LED Lamp

Relay

3 pin socket

Renesas
RL78

Zigbee

Panic Alarm

Laptop
Dotnet

Zigbee

Internet (client)
Webcam
Face Recognition

Components used
Hardwares used

Renesas microcontroller
LCD
L293 driver
CPU fan
LED Lamp
Relay
Alarm

Web server
(IOT)

 Zigbee
Softwares used
Cubesuite+
Renesas flash programmer
Dotnet

Advantages

Reduced installation costs

System scalability and easy extension
Aesthetical benefits
Integration of mobile devices

Applications
This kind of system with respective changes can be implemented in the hospitals for
disable people or in industries where human invasion is impossible or dangerous.
It can also be implemented for environmental monitoring.

FUTURE SCOPE
For project demo concern, we have developed a prototype module. In future, this project can
be taken to the product level. To make this project as user friendly and durable, we need to
make it compact and cost effective. Going further, most of the units can be embedded along
with the controller on a single board with change in technology, thereby reducing the size of
the system.

References:
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Assessment of Wireless Technologies and Co-existence of ZigBee, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
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3. Hwang, K.-I.; Choi, B.-J.; Kang, S.-H. Enhanced self-configuration scheme for a robust
ZigBee-based home automation. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 2010, 56, 583590.

4. Byun, J.; Jeon, B.; Noh, J.; Kim, Y.; Park, S. An intelligent self-adjusting sensor for smart
home services based on ZigBee Communications. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 2012, 58,
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5. IEEE 802.15: Wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs). Available online:
http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.15.html (accessed on 1 January 2015).
6. The Internet of Things. http://share.cisco.com/internet-of-things.html (accessed on 7
January 2015).