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F321
Hydrochloric
HCl
Nitric
HNO3 >
H+(aq)
Sulphuric
H2SO4 >
2H+(aq)
Ethanoic
CH3COOH(aq)
BASES
ALKALIS
>
H+(aq)
Cl(aq)
+
NO3(aq)
SO42-(aq)
CH3COO(aq)
carbonates
K2CO3
hydrogencarbonates
NaHCO3
metal oxides
MONOPROTIC
1 replaceable H
MONOPROTIC
1 replaceable H
DIPROTIC
2 replaceable Hs
H+(aq)
A WEAK ACID
MgCO3
CuCO3
MgO
ZnO
CuO
metal hydroxides
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
ammonia
NH3
Aqueous ammonia
SALTS
NH4+(aq) + OH(aq)
makes
makes
makes
CHLORIDES
NITRATES
SULPHATES / HYDROGENSULPHATES
F321
SALT FORMATION
A salt is produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by...
Formation
a metal ion
or
SUMMARY
Acids react with...
metals
oxides of metals
hydroxides of metals
carbonates
hydrogencarbonates
ammonia
Water of
crystallisation
to give
a salt + hydrogen
a salt + water
a salt + water
a salt + water + carbon dioxide
a salt + water + carbon dioxide
an ammonium salt
FeSO4.7H2O
Na2CO3.10H2O
CuSO4.5H2O(s)
>
CuSO4(s)
5H2O(l)
+ Cl(aq)
hydrogen chloride
hydrochloric acid
Appearance
colourless gas
colourless soln.
Conductivity
poor
good
Dry litmus
no reaction
goes red
F321
magnesium +
Mg(s)
Mg(s)
hydrochloric acid
+
+
>
2H+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)
>
>
Mg2+(aq) +
Mg(s) + 2H+(aq)
copper(II) oxide +
CuO(s)
hydrochloric acid
2HCl(aq)
>
HCl(aq)
Carbonates
calcium + hydrochloric
carbonate
acid
CaCO3(s) +
2HCl(aq)
H2O(l)
H2O(l)
>
H+(aq) + OH(aq)
H2(g)
H2(g)
NaCl(aq)
cancel ions
MgCl2(aq)
>
Alkalis
2HCl(aq)
cancel ions
Basic
Oxides
>
>
>
>
H2O(l)
H2O(l)
H2O(l)
calcium
chloride
CaCl2(aq) +
carbon
dioxide
+ water
CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Hydrogencarbonates
CO2(g) + H2O(l)
CO2(g)
H2O(l)
F321
Q.1
Q.2
b) zinc sulphate
c) magnesium sulphate
d) magnesium nitrate
e) aluminium sulphate
f) potassium carbonate
g) ammonium chloride
h) ammonium sulphate
Q.3
Calculate the percentage of water (by mass) in the following hydrated salts;
a) CuSO4.5H2O
b) Na2CO3.10H2O