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The magazine for the international power industry
July-August 2015
Asia Focus:
New plants entering the mix

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POWER-GEN Asia 2015
SHOW ISSUE
MODERNIZING PLANTS
FOR NEW DEMANDS
DEVELOPING WIND
POWER IN MONGOLIA
COOLING SOUTHEAST
ASIAS PLANTS
ADVANCES IN PLASMA
GASIFICATION
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POWER ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL

JULY-AUGUST 2015/// VOLUME 23/// ISSUE 7
Contents
Industry Highlights
54
Project & Technology Update
63
Ad Index
64
Diary
On the exhibition foor at POWER-GEN Europe. p48
Features
30
4
Powering Asias energy future
We sort out the differences between state-of-the-art

circulating fuidized bed scrubbers and the latest spray
dryer absorber designs.
As Asias thirst for power continues, we profle the recent

new projects and upgrades that are helping to meet
demand.
38
12
New life for older plants
42
48
Unlocking Mongolias wind potential
How new approaches to fnancing and construction
can produce bankable projects that will help develop
Mongolias considerable wind potential.
The London Array turns two

Whats involved as the worlds largest offshore wind farm
moves into a steady-state phase after two years of
operation.
Playing it cool
Designing cooling towers for the Asia-Pacifc market
requires specifc cost, reliability and environmental
considerations.
24
The potential of plasma

How plasma gasifcation technology can provide a lowto zero-cost alternative to traditional fuels.
How new technologies are enhancing the availability,

effciency, productivity and environmental compliance of
older power plants.
20
CFB scrubber vs spray dryer absorber
Adapting to the energy transition

This years POWER-GEN Europe put several key issues in
the spotlight, including the evolving role of utilities and
thermal power plants.
On the cover
A diverse energy mix is helping to meet Asias ever-growing demand for power. Design: Samantha Heasmer
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Power Engineering International July-August 2015
Industry Highlights
nyone who thought that Asias thirst
Last
month, Bloomberg
New
Energy
for more power in the recent years
Finance released fve predictions for the
would be quenched by a steady fow
global energy sector, and one was that
of coal-fred plants at the expense of clean
natural gas will NOT be the transition fuel
energy is steadily being proved wrong.
to wean the world off coal. Many developing
Yes, there are many coal projects in the

pipeline as well as the recent commissioning
nations will opt for a twin-track of coal and

renewables.
of fagship coal plants boasting the latest
This is certainly the case for some Asian
technology, but the region has also utilized
countries Vietnam is building new coal
state-of-the-art
and
plants while upgrading its hydropower plants.
During the last 10 years in developing
their frst renewable steps. Our article on page
Asia, more than 300 million people have
24 spotlights Mongolias frst wind farm and
been connected to electricity, ending a
highlights the huge wind potential of the
dependency on kerosene, frewood and
country that could be unlocked with the right
charcoal. In the same timeframe, around
fnancing mechanisms.
gas-fred
technology
embraced renewables.
Meanwhile, other countries are taking
$106bn has been invested in clean energy in
However, many
of
Asias
established
the Asia-Pacifc region almost half of the total
economies are embracing the latest gas-
global investment.
fred technology. This in turn is providing an
For the frst time, governments and fnancial

institutions in Asia are turning to incentives like
invaluable business lifeline to many of Europes

top OEMs.
feed-in-tariffs, renewable portfolio standards,
While it was always the case that European
concessional loans for clean energy projects
companies would look to do more business in
and other mechanisms to support clean
Asia, that has become an imperative in recent
energy development.
years as European policymakers ponder and
The number of countries with clean energy

policies in Asia is increasing all the time. In
tinker with the future direction of the power

market.
2006, only a handful had renewable energy
The gas-fred technologies of Europes
policies now 23 countries in the region have
OEMs are among the best in the world yet they
such policies in place.
are struggling to be deployed domestically
In June, the World Bank released fgures

which showed that Asia accounted for about
years POWER-GEN Europe on page 48).

However, Asia is welcoming technology
access and clean energy objectives between
from
2010 and 2012, contributing well beyond
Our snapshot of new power plants (see
its share of global population and energy
page 4) features several projects running on
consumption.
Europes
engineering
powerhouses.
European equipment, while our focus on the
The bank found that Asias performance
latest cooling methods (page 20) features
on expanding renewable energy sources like
technologies making their global debuts in
solar, wind and geothermal was particularly
Asian plants.
strong. Whereas globally, consumption of
All
good
news
for
Europes
power
these renewable sources grew by 4 per cent
companies - for the time being. But it cant last.
per annum, in Asia that growth was almost
There are some types of equipment where
twice as fast at close to 8 per cent.
Asian OEMs are closing the gap on their
An example of the rise of renewables in
European rivals, and once they can match
Asia is the forecast by analysts at GlobalData
them on technology and beat them on price,
that Chinas installed wind capacity will treble
then the party is over.
from 115.6 GW this year to an estimated

Most of this will be onshore capacity,
And Europe had better have its energy

house
in
order
by
then, otherwise
its
power companies will fnd themselves with
representing just over 96 per cent of all
no
installations.
domestically.
Kelvin Ross
Editor
www.powerengineeringint.com
(see our review of the talking points at this
60 per cent of the global progress on energy
347.2 GW by 2025.
There are now 23

countries in Asia
which have
clean energy
policies in place
potential
markets
internationally
or
Follow PEi Magazine on Twitter:

@PEimagzine
Follow me: @kelvinross68
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Asia new plant focus
Powering Asias
energy future
As Asias thirst for power continues, we profle some of the recent new projects and
upgrades that are helping to meet this demand.
THAILAND: Chana 1 CCPP upgrade
The Chana 1 power plant is a gas fred
Converting the units to dual fuel-fring
the engineering design. The installation and
combined-cycle facility located in Thailands
allows the fexibility to burn fuel oil when gas is
commissioning works began with the plant in
Songkhla province.
unavailable. In addition, it also gives EGAT the
operation to minimize the shutdown times of
With an overall capacity of approximately
fexibility to operate with fuel oil as a backup
the gas turbines.
731 MW, it is one of the main power suppliers
fuel during gas shortages, thereby avoiding
to the countrys southern grid. The Electricity
importing gas.
Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) owns
The
the
20,000 engineering hours to complete. The
the plant and awarded an EPC contract to
engineering, supply and installation of new
project team located in Germany, Thailand
Siemens in September 2013 to perform a fuel
equipment and the modifcation of various
and Malaysia - maintained a continuous site
oil retroft upgrade for its two operating units.
gas turbine components and auxiliary systems
presence for 13 months. The project required
This fuel oil upgrade converted the single-fuel
in order to burn the fuel oil. The control system
more than 150 shipments and 170 tonnes of
units to dual fuel fring capability with either
also needed to be upgraded to handle the
material to be shipped to the site. During the
gas or oil.
new operating regime. The scope of work
peak time, more than 150 feld service experts
Siemens says that this fuel oil upgrade is
included construction, including civil activities,
and subcontractor personnel from 10 different
of critical strategic importance to Thailand
and commissioning works on site, as well as
countries worked at the site, resulting in more
because it allows the continued operation
performance testing.
than 84,000 accumulated man-hours without
of their gas turbines when the offshore gas
fuel
A team of 30 engineers were involved in the

project design, which required approximately
Siemens
oil
says
upgrade
that
included
the
challenges
a single lost time incident.
felds in the Gulf of Thailand are shut down
that made this project unique were a
The fuel oil retroft was completed in
for periodic maintenance and upgrades to
comprehensive and complex turnkey scope
December 2014 and fnal commissioning took
maintain and enhance the gas production
and a very short overall time frame, requiring
place in May of this year with the successful
capabilities.
Siemens to start with execution in parallel to
completion of the reliability test..
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Beijing Gaoantun Gas Thermal Power Plant

After a recent upgrade, the output of Beijing
Gaoantun Gas Thermal Power Plant reached
866 MW and its pure condensing effciency
became 59 per cent, around 1 per cent
higher than the design value.
Construction of the plant started in 2012,
with registered capital of $122 million. The
plant installed two units of Siemens SGT54000F gas turbines in a 2-on-1 confguration,
and used 3S clutch for the coupling of the
LP turbine in order to get high effciency for
heating extraction.
With an installed capacity of 845 MW,
the plant allows up to 596 MW of district
heating capacity to be extracted. The 2-on-
Power Plant Co initiated an upgrade of the
1 unit passed a 168-hour reliability test run in
gas turbines.
December 2014.
The plant adopted the latest developed
The
upgrade
successfully
solves
the
potential risk of unstable combustion due to

the high hydrogen composition fuel gas, and
The fuel gas for the power plant is supplied
combustion technology, which ensures the
by Beijing Gas Group. According to the
smooth operation of the turbine with high
protects gas turbines as well.

The power plant also took actions to
development plan for the coming years, the
hydrogen composition fuel gas maximum of
update its air infow system, including installing
fuel gas is mainly a mixture of natural gas and
around 5 per cent.
an additional layer of fltering increasing the
syngas from coal gasifcation, in which the
The plant also installed a gas analyzer
intake air area by 25 per cent while reducing
hydrogen composition is much higher than
which provides real-time data on hydrogen.
the speed of air fow, etc. All of these measures
the designed standard.
Other approaches of the upgrade included
once more extend the lifecycle of the gas
This high hydrogen composition brings a
installing thermocouple to better control the
turbines air intake flters, which ensure more
big potential risk for the operation of the gas
increase of backfre in combustion and avoid
stable and effcient operation of the overall
turbines, so Beijing Gaoantun Gas Thermal
overfring of the burner.
CHP application.
SOUTH KOREA: Incheon LNG CCPP

Units 7, 8, and 9 at the Incheon LNG combined
of 1262 MW and a net effciency of 60 per
cycle power plant were completed six weeks
cent, they are also among the countrys top
ahead of schedule in the case of unit 7, after
power units.
a construction period of only 22 months.
Each gas-fred unit has an installed gross
The work was carried out by Siemens for
electrical capacity of 420 MW. The plants
Posco Energy & Construction, and Siemens
are designed for 250 starts per year and
said the three new units are the fastest-erected
can power up to full load in only 30 minutes.
in South Korea. It added that, as they are
Because of extremely limited space at the
equipped with the latest H-class technology
existing power plant site, Siemens designed
and have a total installed electrical capacity
the three units to ft within a single building.
CHINA: Beijing Jingxi Gas Thermal Power Co

A combined heat and power plant operated
Air Action Plan 2013 to 2017. One of the
which increases the overall effciency of the
by the Beijing Jingxi Gas Thermal Power Co
important supporting projects for this action
natural gas fuel to more than 80 per cent.
is playing an important role in supporting
plan was the establishment of Beijing Jingxi
From its launch in the winter of 2014, the
the Beijing governments aggressive target of
Gas Thermal Power Co.
plant has been supplying heat to around
reducing smog and haze.
A key task of Beijing Jingxi Gas Thermal
200,000 households. It is also said to it save
Since 2013, the Chinese government
Power is to supply heat for Beijing residents
4.4 million tonnes of coal every year, which
has taken a number of measures to reduce
during winter. The plant allows up to 883 MWh
accounts for around 19 per cent of the total
smog, including launching the Beijing Clean
of district heating capacity to be extracted,
coal consumption in Beijing.
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SINGAPORE: Sembcorp Cogen @ Banyan

The $464 million Sembcorp Cogen @ Banyan
heat and power generation. Fuel is burned in
gas-fred cogeneration facility is located in
two dry combustion stages, producing NOx
Jurong Islands Banyan area and has a gross
emission levels that are 40 per cent lower than
capacity of 400 MW of power and 200 tonnes
those of conventional systems.
per hour of process steam.
Along with a GT26 turbine, the installation
The plant, which commenced commercial

operations
in
October
2014,
generates
includes an Alstom heat recovery steam

generator of the horizontal, triple-pressure
electricity for the grid and steam for industrial
reheat, drum
companies on Jurong Island.
STF15C steam turbine with axial exhaust; a
Cogeneration with sequential combustion
type; a
compact Alstom
high-effciency Alstom TOPGAS
hydrogen-
technology is at the heart of the plant, which is
cooled turbogenerator; a direct seawater
believed to be the most effcient in Singapore.
cooling system; and an Alstom ALSPA Series 6
The GT26/KA26-based combined-cycle
integrated control system.
power plant operates at or above 60 per cent
These components are arranged in a
all-around base load effciency, with high
single-shaft confguration. The gas turbine
with one less generator, transformer and high-
effciency maintained over the entire load
and generator are coupled to the steam
range.
turbine through a self-synchronizing and
11 modules, the need for on-site work was
An ecoHEAT solution maximizes effciency
shifting clutch. This arrangement ensures
minimized and disruptions from weather and
in both power generation and combined
lower maintenance expenditure associated
other site-related risks were reduced.
a fuel pass-through that protects the project
Vietnam and is the countrys frst new private
from fuctuations in coal prices.
sector power plant to be commissioned in the
voltage bay.
Because
the
plant
was
supplied
in
VIETNAM: Mong Duong 2

The 1240 MW Mong Duong 2 coal-fred plant
in Vietnam was commissioned in April six
months ahead of schedule.
Located in Quang Ninh Province, it cost
$1.95 billion and was built by a joint venture
between AES, Posco Energy and China
Investment.
It comprises two 620 MW generating units
and has a 25-year coal supply agreement
with state-owned entity Vinacomin.
Bringing Mong Duong 2 on-line six months
early is a signifcant milestone for Vietnam and
for AES, said AES president Andres Gluski.
Executing on our 7 GW construction
programme is the main driver of our cash
and earnings growth through 2018. Beyond
Mong Duong 2, we see a number of potential
opportunities for AES in Vietnam, to help meet
their rapidly growing demand for electricity.
Michael Chilton, AES Senior vice-president
for Global Engineering and Construction, said
AES has a 51 per cent equity interest in
that Mong Duong 2 amassed 18 million man-
the plant, while PSC Energy Global, a wholly-
According to the Vietnam Institute of Energy
hours without a lost time incident, with almost
owned subsidiary of Posco Power Corp, and
and the National Center for Socio-Economic
44 million man-hours worked.
Stable Investment Corporation, a wholly-
Information and Forecast, Vietnams power
owned
Investment
demand and GDP are expected to grow by
transfer agreement and has a 25-year power
Corporation, own 30 per cent and 19 per cent
10.5 and 6.5 per cent respectively, over the
purchase agreement (PPA) with state-owned
respectively.
next fve years. The Vietnamese government
utility Electricity of Vietnam (EVN), as well as 25-
Mong
The plant was built under a build-operate-
year coal supply deal with Vinacomin.

The PPA includes a capacity payment and
subsidiary
China
with
has future plans to increase the countrys
$1.5 billion in non-recourse debt. The plant
installed capacity by more than 60 GW over
is the largest private sector power project in
the next fve years.
Duong
of
was
fnanced
last ten years.
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JAPAN: Kansai Himeji 2

The new Himeji No 2 power station is a state-
A 1600C turbine inlet temperature gas
effects.The clinker ash was used for foundation
of-the-art combined-cycle plant composed of
turbine facilitates a combined cycle net
improvement and fy ash was mixed in
six single-shaft blocks rated 486.5 MW (at 4C)
effciency in excess of 60 per cent.
concrete.
each, for a total of 2919 MW.
The
on
Several existing portions of the plant
flled ground, which raised concerns of
such as cooling water intake and seawater
Hitachi Power Systems M501J gas turbine,
liquefaction, especially
eventual
desalination were effectively refurbished and
rigidly coupled to a single reheat steam
future earthquakes the Fukushima disaster
will continue to operate during the life of the
turbine called SRT-50, featuring 50-inch last
took place while construction was underway.
new plant.
stage blades.
In order to prevent liquefaction, the foundation
The state-of-the-art SRT 50 steam turbine
This modern plant replaced Kansai Electric
work was based on the sand compaction pile
was designed to operate with a condenser
Power Cos (KEPCO) existing Himeji power
method, with high bearing capacity piles
vacuum of 96.3 kPa and features 50-inch steel
station, which had supplied power to the
used to strengthen the support of the bearing
blades that result in large annular area for
Kansai region since 1963 and, at 2550 MW, was
layer.
high effciency and large capacity. This new
Each block consists of one Mitsubishi
the companys largest thermal power station
power
station
was
erected
during
Vibration measurements were performed
large-capacity single-casing reheat turbine
during construction to prevent vibration-
features other advanced technologies such
induced trips of the existing units. Industrial
as a high-effciency reaction blade, welded
originally
waste like clinker ash and fy ash from KEPCOs
rotor, advanced seals and high performance
commissioned and operated with crude or
only coal-fred plant were effectively utilized
bearings
heavy oil, and later converted to natural gas.
to reduce waste and minimize environmental
effciency, and more compact design.
SGen6-2000H, and two heat recovery steam
SPPA-T3000. Siemens will also supply the long-
Posco Engineering & Construction, completed
generators from South Koreas BHI,as well as the
term service for the gas turbines.
the plant in 24 months, from groundbreaking
a title now held by the new Himeji No 2.

The old plant was composed of six
conventional
units
that
were
developed
to
achieve
higher
SOUTH KOREA: Ansan CHP

Ansan combined heat and power (CHP)
plant in South Korea has an effciency level of
more than 60 per cent and utilizes Siemens
latest H-class gas turbine technology.
In addition to generating electricity, the
plant will also provide district heating for
Ansan city. The combined heat and power
production raises the overall fuel utilization
factor to over 75 per cent, while Siemens states
that its NOx emissions of 7 ppm are the lowest
in Korea.
This makes the plant one of the most
effcient
and
eco-friendly
fossil
fuel-fred
electricity generating plants in South Korea,

said Siemens.
The owner and operator of the plant
is S-Power, headquartered in Ansan, and
it is located in the city of the same name
in Gyeonggi-do province southwest of the
capital, Seoul.
This liquefed natural gas-fred plant is the
frst H-class 2+1 multi-shaft power plant in
Korea and has a capacity of 834 MW.
Siemens
delivered
the
power
island
main equipment: two gas turbines of type

SGT6-8000H, an SST6-5000 steam turbine,
three hydrogen-cooled generators of type
entire instrumentation and control technology,
10
Siemens and its partner, South Koreas
to frst commercial operation.
Most power plants were built for basic operation

Credit: Emerson Process Management
Pervasive sensing
Modernizing old
plants to meet
new demands
Four major challenges for power plants today are cycling operations which can
lead to accelerated equipment damage, minimizing heat rate, reducing emissions,
and improving personnel productivity to tackle expertise shortage,
writes Jonas Berge
ost power plants were
Power plants are being modernized with a
balancing, leak detection, wastewater pond
pervasive sensing infrastructure for a second
selenium reduction, ash landfll leachate
for
layer of automation. This is a new strategy for
pumping, and more.
operation. Due
maintenance, energy effciency, risk reduction
to the high cost of
and optimization using sensors which require
Availability
automation
the
no wires and are mostly non-intrusive and
Power plants have hundreds of pieces of
past, power plants were not instrumented
therefore can easily be deployed. Specialized
equipment that must be maintained in good
suffciently to meet todays demands on
diagnostic software in a separate system
condition to ensure plant availability. It is hard
reliability, energy effciency and productivity, or
distills the raw sensor data into actionable
for the maintenance and reliability teams to
to meet new health, safety and environmental
information, such as which equipment needs
keep up.
regulatory standards.
service and which does not.
built
with
minimum
instrumentation
basic
in
In certain regions, power plants are often
Much of the maintenance inspection in
Wireless sensor networks and analytic
forced to cope with cycling operation because
power plants is manual. Energy is wasted by
software are new technology trends enabling
of the variability of renewable generation. This
steam loss and ineffciencies. Not all air and
new levels of availability, energy effciency,
increases thermal and pressure stress, in turn
water emissions are checked. Imagine instead
environmental compliance and productivity.
accelerating potential equipment damage.
a power plant full of sensors that continuously
Pervasive sensing infrastructure is the basis for
This puts increasing demand on the reliability
monitor the condition of pumps and fans,
the Internet of Things, which will take sensing
and maintenance departments to ensure
detecting failure of steam traps or leaking relief
even further in the future.
availability.
valves, and where all emissions are monitored.
Applications already deployed include
Power plants have a machinery protection
Instead of operators collecting the data, the
analyzing thermal effciency, detecting steam
system on the steam turbines and gas turbines.
data comes to the operators.
trap and relief valve failure, improving mercury
However, equipment like pumps, fans, lube oil
removal
Smart turbine
Water balancing
Smart steam trap
from
fue
coolers, condensers, and cooling towers do
gas, heat recovery
not have any condition monitoring. For this
steam
generator
second-tier yet essential equipment, plants
outage
rely on periodic spot checks with manual data
planning, detecting
collection using portable temperature and
water
flter
vibration testers, perhaps with the intention
plugging, managing
of weekly rounds but, due to increasing
fuel
inventory,
demands on resources, the actual rounds
coal
may be monthly or even longer. This leaves
stack fres, improving
the plant vulnerable between testing and is
fre-fghting
a labour-intensive method of data collection.
(HRSG)
FT
ST
intake
preventing
Turbine vibration has
been monitored for
years, but now
performance is
monitored too
12
Water fows are

monitored centrally
to detect and
pinpoint leaks
Instruments on steam
traps connect to the
network and software
report when due for
replacement
integrity,
system
valve
Improved maintainability is one of the
pump
goals for a smart power plant. A pervasive
and fan condition
sensing infrastructure based on a second
monitoring,
layer of automation enables reliability and
diagnostics,
water
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Pervasive sensing
Smart rotating
kiln
Gauge
replacement
Smart cooling
tower
Smart pump
Smart fan
Smart air flter
Cooling towers
communicate
excess cooling
enabling fan
optimization
An instrumented
pump alarms
maintenance when
bearing
problems arise
Fans with instruments

and connectivity
notify when they are
in need of service
A digitally networked
air flter notifes
maintenance when
service is required
Instruments send the

data to the
operator instead of
the operator coming
to the data
Rotating kilns alarm

the operators and
maintenance when
hot spots
are detected
maintenance
the
dedicated analytics algorithms for each type
chamber walls. Earlier 4-20 mA temperature
condition of assets from a central location.
engineers
to
monitor
of equipment. WirelessHART (IEC 62591) is
transmitters used slip-rings which proved
Vibration monitoring is part of this.
the industrial wireless sensor network used in
unreliable.
these applications.
temperature transmitters, the reading was
A wireless vibration transmitter is another
By
instead
using
wireless
way to monitor vibration on second-tier rotating
More frequent equipment condition data
equipment, serving as an intermediate tool
automatically monitored by software improves
to complement online machinery protection
the data analysis to capture developing issues
Another US power station had issues with
systems and portable vibration testers.
in the early stages rather than later, when
pumps overheating. Manual data collection
Wireless
vibration
transmitters
reliable and the plant avoided damage to the

chamber walls.
provide
damage or outright failure and shutdown
rounds
automatic data collection and software does
have already occurred.This results in improved
the problem in time. Wireless temperature
the monitoring, saving time and improving
equipment reliability, and therefore in reduced
transmitters were deployed to provide timely
productivity. A wireless vibration transmitter is
unscheduled plant downtime.
information, saving the plant $20,000 for each
less expensive than a machinery protection
Maintenance
costs
can
be
lowered
were
too
infrequent
to
capture
avoided failure.
system and can be used when a full-fedged
by reducing preventive maintenance and
machinery protection system is not required; it
scheduled
from
calculates heat balance to detect leaks using
is also much easier to deploy.
downtime
and
moving
On a condenser in Canada, software now
reactive repairs to predictive maintenance.
measurements from wireless transmitters. This
often
Moreover, by knowing which equipment
enables leaks to be repaired during the next
unreachable for manual data collection with
needs overhaul and which does not, plants
shutdown to stop losses and potential rupture.
a portable tester because fans are mounted
may be able to schedule their outages
There are many other examples from
inside
more effectively, extending the time between
the power industry around the world where
outages and making them shorter.
wireless sensors deployed throughout the
Many
vibration
protective
points
are
enclosures
to
ensure
personnel are not injured. Wireless vibration

transmitters are being adopted quickly for
A power station in the US state of
plant have helped the maintenance and
those applications where it is not possible to
Connecticut had issues with remote pumps
reliability teams keep the equipment running,
collect vibration data manually due to the
freezing in cold weather, damaging the pump.
for instance vibration measurements taken on
dangers of rotating equipment.
Manual inspection rounds were too slow to
coal pulverizer bearings to prevent running to
catch the problem. Wireless transmitters were
failure.
Traditional reliability engineering focuses

very
much
on
vibration,
but
vibration
monitoring alone is not enough because it
deployed to monitor the temperature, saving

$20,000 in repairs for each incident avoided.
Lube oil cooler leaks are traditionally

uncovered through feld operator rounds to
doesnt detect other problems with equipment.
A power plant in Korea had issues with
read gauges to prevent overheating of oil,
Multi-parameter condition monitoring is about
cooling water and lube oil pump failure
which will cause wear on other equipment.
observing measurable properties for signs of
caused by vibration. They had the same
This can now be automated with wireless
internal fouling or faults.
problem on their draft fans. Wireless vibration
temperature, pressure, and fow transmitters.
Additional wireless sensors for equipment

pressures,
temperature,
fow,
fuid
levels,
position, pH and conductivity provide data on
transmitters
were
deployed
to
capture
Similarly, wireless temperature and multi-
developing vibration problems before they led
temperature transmitters on oil and windings
to failure.
are used to avoid overheating and transformer
operating process and ambient conditions,
A generation station in Minnesota also
failure. Other applications include deploying
allowing other problems like fouling, scaling,
had vibration issues in its feed-water pumps
wireless Differential Pressure (DP) transmitters
leaks, etc to be detected. Combining highly
and motor bearings, and ash buildup on
on water intake strainers/screens to detect
instrumented assets with analytic software
fan blades. By deploying wireless vibration
blocking, thus ensuring adequate cooling
creates
transmitters, problems were detected early.
water supply. Lastly, vibration monitoring on
an
early
warning
system
that
can be easily understood and does not
pre-combustion
conveyor belts for coal and ash is another
require an expert analyst to interpret. Some
chamber at a power plant in Poland had
potential area where power plants can detect
modern condition monitoring software uses
issues developing hot spots, damaging the
problems before they lead to costly repairs.
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Pervasive sensing
A vibration sensor and transmitter on a

pump in Korea
Smart condenser
Smart strainer
Smart fuel tank
Smart relief valve
A connected
condenser notifes
maintenance when it
leaks or fouls
Strainer with
diagnostics advises
maintenance to
schedule unblocking
Higher degree of
instrumentation
alarm on flter
blockage and level
An instrumented
relief valve reports
release as well as
any seat passing
Effciency
long setup times for the sensors and data
HS&E team to ensure regulatory compliance.
Lots of equipment in a power station must
used for turbine effciency testing. By instead
In particular, the industry is working hard
also be looked after to ensure heat rate
using wireless transmitters the setup time was
to reduce emissions to comply with ever
performance. It is hard for the performance
reduced, allowing the teams to perform 10 per
more
team to keep up the energy effciency.
cent more services.
the environment and health in nearby
Minimizing
heat
rate
is
an
stringent
regulations
to
safeguard
industry-
A power plant in Nevada was challenged
communities. Manual data collection around
wide concern. The performance team has
by heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)
the power plant increases the exposure of
traditionally used periodic inspection and
outage planning to decide when cleaning
personnel to risk of injury.
manual data collection to detect water leaks,
should be scheduled, which tube bundles
A pervasive sensing infrastructure based
steam leaks, cold air leaks, and hot air leaks
need cleaning, and which did not. Wireless
on a second layer of automation throughout
as well as plugged flters, scaling on tubes,
multi-point
differential
the power plant minimizes manual data
and other issues affecting heat rate. This is
pressure transmitters were installed to provide
collection and enables the HS&E team to
time-consuming and labour-intensive, and
the data required to make these decisions. As
detect hazards and emissions more quickly.
therefore may not get done as frequently as
a result, the plant restored capacity by more
As a result, injury and incidents can be
desirable. Losses can go undetected for long
than 1 MW.
reduced and regulatory compliance can be
periods of time.
A
temperature
and
Steam trap leaks and relief valve passing
pervasive
sensing
infrastructure
caused ineffciencies in a UK power station.

were
deploying
wireless
transmitters,
Wireless
installed
personnel safety is improved as it minimizes
performance
throughout
sensors
By
based on a second layer of automation for

monitoring
acoustic
assured.
the
to detect these leaks, saving the plant an
the time operators have to spend in potentially
power plant enables the performance team to
estimated four tonnes per hour in steam loss,
dangerous areas to manually collect data.
detect leaks and ineffciencies much sooner.
at 1400 ($1500) per day.
Power plants are also reducing safety
As a result, heat rate can be improved
In a generating station in the US, the
and sustained over longer periods of time. The
cooling fans were not turned off when not
plants in China and Finland need to monitor
consumption of treated water, compressed air,
needed, or ran at unnecessarily high speeds,
temperature rise in the coal piles to avoid
gas, electricity, and steam (WAGES) around
leading to excess cooling capacity and
coal stack fres. The monitoring process was
the power station can also be reduced.
electricity consumption. Wireless transmitters
improved by placing wireless temperature
For example, power plants in China and
measure tower riser temperature, providing the
sensors on poles that could easily be shifted
the UK had issues with treated water leaks.They
ability to calculate effciency to determine that
from depleted piles of coal to new coal piles
installed ultrasonic fowmeters with wireless
cooling fans are running at the correct speed.
to detect temperature rise, and thus avoid
adapters with software for water balancing
Fan quantity and speed can be optimized for
fres.
to identify the losses, pinpointing which units
reduced power consumption.
may have leaks.
hazards.
For
example,
coal-fred
power
A power station in Florida wanted to ensure
Other issues at the station included
the integrity of the combustion turbine (CT)
Power stations in both Malaysia and the
cooling air leaks from forced draft fans. Leaks
fre protection system, and therefore deployed
US had problems with plugging of turbine
are now detected using a wireless pressure
wireless Pressure and DP transmitters on the
air flters, which affected effciency. Wireless
transmitter, resulting in reduced fan motor
CO2 tanks.
differential pressure transmitters now detect
usage and extended fan life. Hot air leaks on
Ensuring compliance with ever more
plugging, allowing
the turbine compartment are now detected
stringent environmental regulations is an
using wireless temperature transmitters.
ongoing challenge, but the industry has
cleaning
to
improve
turbine effciency to be scheduled, while at

the same time optimizing the use of resources
already innovated many clever monitoring
HS&E compliance
solutions that help ensure they are in
Health, safety, and environment (HS&E) is an
compliance. For instance, a generating station
independent
important focus for the industry. Injuries, fres
in Florida, US had to demonstrate that the
performance testing company in India had
etc must be prevented. It can be diffcult for the
temperature of the cooling water discharge
and minimizing scheduled downtime.

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Pervasive sensing
was within limits to minimize impact on
installed to measure and totalize fow. Wireless
to copy previous data, maybe changing the
aquatic life. Wireless multi-point temperature
transmitters are now also being installed at the
last digit. Sometimes operators may be too
transmitters are used at the cooling water
ash pond to measure level and pH.
busy to collect data. By not collecting data,
discharge to demonstrate compliance with
an early warning may be missed.
Productivity
the regulation.
A pervasive sensing infrastructure based
A power plant in the western US needed
Many tasks around the plant are still done
on a second layer of automation throughout
to see the temperature profle of its boiler to
manually because most power plants were
the power plant automates data collection.
optimize the chemical reaction that allows
built with minimum instrumentation for basic
This results in reduced feld operator rounds
the fue gas scrubber to remove the mercury
operation due to the high cost of 420 mA
and provides greater situational awareness
more effciently. This was achieved using
wiring, marshalling, system I/O cards, etc.
for the console operators.
wireless multi-point temperature transmitters,
Moreover, the power industry is struggling
For example, a power plant in Poland had
thus ensuring compliance with environmental
with an expertise shortage as older workers
manual temperature check points at many
regulations.
are retiring. Attracting and retaining new
levels on a boiler which is approximately
A power station in North Carolina needed
talent can be a challenge. There is a need
100 metres tall, equivalent to a 27-storey
to monitor selenium content in the effuent
to increase personnel effectiveness and
building. Wireless
wastewater from the fue gas desulphurization
productivity.
temperature transmitters were installed to
single
and
multi-point
(FGD) selenium reduction cells to the retention
Manual data collection is a low value-
pond. Wireless ORP transmitters measure the
added activity. Spending the time analyzing
instead collect the data automatically, saving
percentage of selenium to ensure compliance
the data and correcting the issues uncovered
A power plant in Florida was modernized
with regulations.
would be far more valuable. Manual data
by installing wireless temperature transmitters
personnel a tremendous amount of time.
The same plant had to monitor the ash
collection has a number of known issues.
to monitor stack temperature. Fuel inventory
landfll leachate pumping. This was achieved
There is typically a 35 per cent parallax error
management was also automated with
by deploying wireless discrete I/O transmitters
depending on each operators viewing angle,
wireless DP transmitters for monitoring the
to indicate the status of automatic pumps
making data trends less reliable. Moreover,
debris flters and radar level and multi-point
and provide water level alarms. Magnetic
there is a tendency among operators to not go
temperature for diesel tank inventory, resulting
fowmeters
out to collect data in bad weather, but instead
in fewer feld operator rounds.
with
wireless
adapters
were
Customized special control valves

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18
Pervasive sensing
to tie the wireless infrastructure together as a
lower-cost and lower-risk to deploy than other
plant-wide WirelessHART network.
wireless sensor networks.
New power stations now being designed

and
built
should
include
plant-wide
Not
or
designing
modernizing
a
an
new
power
existing
one
for
WirelessHART infrastructure from the very
maintainability,
beginning. The WirelessHART gateways use
emission
standard
awareness sets the stage for gradually
industrial
network
technologies
performance
plant
monitoring
worsening
maintenance
use. Once the WirelessHART network is in
culture. Therefore, make sure budgets for
place, the power plant is well-equipped to
maintenance
Plant modernization
face new challenges as they develop, such
HS&E, and productivity are incorporated into
Existing power plants can be modernized
as being able to tackle increased cycling
the project prior to kickoff and for the coming
by deploying WirelessHART sensor networks.
operation, higher fuel cost, new environmental
years. Work with an expert who is well-versed
This enables the maintenance, reliability,
regulations, or manpower shortages.
in pervasive sensing solutions to audit your
HS&E,
and
operations
departments to deploy sensors at will.

This typically starts small, with ad hoc
solutions
productivity
to
improve
or
emissions. Wireless
performance,
which solutions are recommended and to
ensuring a broad spectrum of sensor types
get an estimate of the cost, potential savings

and ROI for your plant.
heat
and
modernization. WirelessHART uses a multi-
have
reliability,
reactive
existing plant or new plant design to identify
to meet the measurement needs of plant
applications
&
environmental
technology supported by multiple vendors,

and
rate
and
WirelessHART is a wireless sensor network
availability
monitor
and
situational
historian or control system the plant may
performance,
rates
and
like Modbus and OPC to interface with any

A Canadian wireless DP fow transmitter
heat
monitoring,
hop, full-mesh topology where every device
Jonas Berge is Director of Applied Technology
tendency to go viral as soon as other
can act as a repeater. This means a single
at Emerson Process Management
departments see how easy wireless is to
WirelessHART gateway at the edge of each
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deploy, and realize what it can do for them.
plant unit can handle all the WirelessHART
When a critical number of applications
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19
Asia Focus: Cooling technology
Playing it cool
Designing cooling towers for the Asia-Pacifc market requires a host of specifc
considerations. Marianna Caputo details whats involved.
he Asia-Pacifc region is committed
Malaysia. In addition, SPIG cooling technology
friendly, as it does not need any repellent in
to
sustainable
is being utilized at the 800 MW Wyrie
comparison to a wooden type.
energy investments based on
combined heat and power plant in South
a generation mix featuring a
Korea, as well as at the Kumho petrochemical
is currently under construction, will cool a
larger
portion
plant at the Nghi Son oil refnery in Vietnam.
cogeneration plant that will serve the RAPID
The
emerging
setting
up
of
renewables.
economies
The
refnery
Pengerang
and
cooling
tower, which
petrochemical
integrated
across Southeast Asia are facing a dynamic
Cooling Pengerang
demand for power with minimal impact
Early
SPIG
completed, RAPID will be an important and
on the environment, and the conventional
contracts for the cooling towers for Pengerang
strategic achievement in light of the dynamic
power generation industry is still considered a
and Wyrie respectively. Pengerang Integrated
developments undertaken by the Malaysian
dominant energy source. In this scenario there
Petroleum Complex will include a customized
government.
is colossal potential for companies that can
sixteen-cell back-to-back confguration, fbre
deliver eco-friendly, cost-effcient and reliable
reinforced polyester (FRP) frame construction
requirements, SPIG has agreed on defned
technology to fuel steep regional economic
cooling tower.The FRP technology is impervious
milestones with the client to source materials
growth.
to a broad range of corrosive substances
locally and to proactively set up a service
SPIG is bringing its environmental solutions
and harsh environments and immune to
hub. A service management team will ensure
to four Asian countries, and is currently
deterioration. FRP pultruded profles resist UV
availability of spare parts and general service
committed to delivering wet/dry (hybrid), sea
rays, acid rain, sand storms, salt water and
provisions. Moreover, SPIG plans to incorporate
water, low noise cooling towers and air cooled
chemicals.
SPIG Malaysia and complete the lease of a
this
year, Siemens
development
awarded
In
order
mega-project.
to
respond
to
Once
localization
condensers for a diverse range of major
The mix of polyester resin deployed
power generation and oil refning projects.
for the profles, considered a strong and
These have been exported to the dynamic
maintenance-free material, ensures long-life
Designing the towers
Southeast Asian region with the support of the
operation of this cooling tower.The Pengerang
In the same year, Siemens awarded SPIG
1220 MW Pengerang cogeneration plant in
FRP cooling tower is even considered eco-
the detailed structural design and material
20
local warehouse and facilities.
supply for the Wyrie wet/dry technology cooling tower, planned to be

commissioned in December 2017. The SPIG plume abated customized
Leading in development and manufacturing of oil mist

separators for combustion engines and turbines.
cooling tower will be specifcally designed to avoid visible plume in cold

and humid climate, in order to meet specifc and very severe no plume
(DBT -6C; RH 70 per cent) requirements.
This wet/dry cooling tower is the frst of its kind in the world deploying
a unique water distribution system. Designed with customized features,
the tower will have an internal concrete riser/by-pass duct distribution
system in lieu of an external FRP/steel piping system. Moreover,
the cooling tower has been designed to operate on a completely
Emission reduction &

increased efciency
by the use of highly efcient oil mist separators
at crankcase and lube oil tank ventilation.
automatic mode, as a black box. In fact, it is equipped with rolling

doors on the wet air inlets, dampers on the dry inlet, two-speed motors
and a weather station to allow automatic operation during different
ambient conditions.
SPIG
was
also
involved
in
the
Siemens
145 MW S1 combined heat and power project to design an air cooled

steam condenser which will be in operation in the second half of 2015.
The air cooled condenser does not need water to condense the
steam and is therefore a sustainable choice for arid regions suffering
from water scarcity or countries where stringent environmental
legislation does not allow the use of water for industrial purposes.
While conceiving the nine-section A-frame air cooled condenser,
which will be installed on a 26 metre-high rooftop, SPIG engineers have
to consider severe restrictions on plot area in the overall design.
In 2014 GS E&C selected SPIG to design and supply two sea water
fbre reinforced polyester cooling towers for the 200,000 barrel-a-day
Nghi Son refnery, 180 km south of Hanoi.
y
onl ith
s
d
w
l
wor arator al
e
Th sep prov
t
ap
mis
oil L type
G
9.ch
9
t
w.u
ww
The corrosion-free solution, suitable for a harsh environment, is

equipped with duplex hardware and a back-to-back arrangement.
Each tower will process 66,550 m of sea water per hour, for a total of
133,100 m/hour. The two units will come online in the frst half of 2016.
This contract award demonstrates that the use of sea water as
make-up is a feasible key solution when water shortage is an issue.
Using sea water, the engineering team has to select special materials.
In fact, the best choice is the use of corrosion-free plastic materials
for the cooling tower structure and the main internal components.
The mechanical equipment will be protected with a coating suitable
for salt water applications. The steel parts are of high grade stainless
Benets of UT99 oil mist separators
steel (Duplex EN 1.4462 and AISI316) or special alloy (Silicon Bronze,
Emission reduction, even to obtain EPA Tier 4 nal
Aluminium Bronze). The two cooling towers will be designed according
Reliable increase of efciency at gas / dual-fuel engines
SPIG engineers will utilize the high effciency H-MOON drift eliminator.
No deposits on turbocharger
This dispersion technology aims to maximally reduce the dispersion of
No leakage of oil and oil mist
salt water droplets carried over by the cooling air leaving the tower.
Long-lasting operational reliability
to the main applicable international standards such as CTI, ASME, etc.
The H-MOON will reduce the percentage of water loss, preventing

quick deterioration, corrosion of the surrounding equipment and
environmental pollution. A further project requirement is the stringent
Key features of UT99 oil mist separators
noise restriction set at 82 dbA and satisfed by carefully selecting each
For engines from 50 kW to 100 MW

and turbines up to 2000 MW
For closed (CCV) / open (OCV) crankcase

and lube oil tank (OTV) ventilation
Residual oil amount < 1 mg / m guaranteed
Filter service lifetime up to 24.000 h
when comparing wood and FRP as materials for cooling tower
ATEX (ex-proof) approved design available
Long-term supplier for many well-known

engine, turbine and power plants
manufacturer.
mechanical component.
This is the largest sea water cooling tower project to be executed for a
highly complex refnery, one of the countrys largest and most important
projects designed to supply the growing Vietnamese domestic market.
Sustainability
As the environment is a prominent concern even in emerging markets,
construction it should be noted that the

latter is much more sustainable. Unlike wood,
FRP requires no environmentally unfriendly
preservatives or repellants. FRP shapes and
plate are inert and do not release toxic
chemicals, and therefore they are easily
disposable in landflls. Treated wood has been
banned for several applications as extreme
care in use and disposal is required.
Also on the environmental front, sea water
cooling towers equipped with the latest
dispersion technology are key to saving
water and safeguarding the delicate marine
ecosystem by helping to control drift losses
and water discharge temperature. Similarly,
Nghi So refnery project
Credit: GS E&C
wet/dry cooling technology is the preferred

choice to guarantee water saving when
abating a visible plume of vapour in cold and
humid climatic conditions.
cooled condensers, are manufactured with
cooling systems technology, mainly in regions
single row aluminium brazed tube technology,
which suffer from water shortages. In Asia this
noise fans results in power saving, helping to
guaranteeing
the
growth will be supported by SPIGs Indian and
reduce an installations carbon footprint as
process of condensing the turbine exhaust
Chinese branches and production facilities,
well as abating noise. The noise generated
steam and
providing signifcant benefts
as well as its Korean operation. In China, SPIG
by the fan and the water fowing through the
due to higher reliability and lower power
has established a new production line for
tower into the basin must remain within certain
consumption. Single row tube deploys the
air cooled vacuum condensers single row
limits. A suitable remedy includes deploying
greatest extended surface within the industry,
tube bundles. A mostly automated process
ultra-low-noise fans and designing a foating
resulting in fewer cells installed.
is qualifed according to the ISO 9001:2008
In addition, the use of energy effcient, low-
noise attenuation system to be installed within
Customers
high
performance
deploying
air
in
cooled
standard and complies with international
the basin. Customized measures such as inlet
condensers may beneft from water savings,
standards
silencers, outlet silencers and soundproofng
environment preservation thanks to these
development. Quality control and assurance
boxes encapsulating the motors are normally
emission-free systems, and lack of hot water
is directly managed and tested by SPIG.
considered viable solutions for sound pollution.
discharge into the sea or rivers.
The
need
to
save
water
resources,
concerning
Moreover,
through
department,
product
an
sustainable
active
R&D
innovation
and
especially where water is a scarce commodity,
R&D for the future
development with the aim of satisfying global
has become an increasingly sensitive issue.
The expected increase in worldwide energy
project requirements are undertaken at SPIGs
SPIG dry cooling systems, also known as air
demand is set to boost the deployment of dry
research and test facilities in Italy. At these

specialized centres of excellence, a team of
R&D and testing engineers conducts thermal
performance research as well as development
and testing activities for flls, nozzles and drift
eliminators.
The facilities are specifcally designed for
cooling tower testing and analysis, and can
simulate a wide range of conditions with the
support of Unico technology, a customized
Unique Online Continuous Monitoring System
designed to improve overall plant effciency by
checking process parameter variability and
equipment reliability.
Marianna Caputo is Marketing Manager at
SPIG SpA
http://www.spig-int.com/
Installation of FRP cooling tower in Vietnam

Credit: SPIG
22
Wind power
Unlocking Mongolias
wind potential
Mongolia has a staggering 1100 GW of potential wind power capacity, but
fnancing and building projects is problematic. Drawing on their experience
working on the countrys only operational wind farm, Caedmon Shayer and Iban
Vendrell identify some of the issues and propose approaches to developing
bankable projects that can unlock the countrys wind potential.
ue to industry expectations
December 2011 when it was named lenders
Currently, the largest power suppliers in the
of signifcant growth in the
technical advisor on Salkhit, the countrys
country are aging coal-fred plants providing
domestic mining sector, the
frst commercial wind power project and
electricity and, in most cases, district heat in
government
Mongolia
the only operating wind farm in Mongolia
combined heat and power (CHP) mode via
expects its total current power
to date. Since then, the consultancy has
central networks. The CES is supported by the
demand
provided
farms
Russian grid in frequency and load. Maximum
1 GW to almost double by 2020. According
currently under development. Drawing from
import is limited to 100 MW, although night
to the 2015 Mongolia Energy Master Plan,
the lessons learned working with a number of
peak during winter can be increased to
around 2025 per cent of the total power
international companies looking to invest and
180 MW. No interconnection for inter-country
supply is expected to come from renewable
develop wind power projects in Mongolia,
operational power export appears to exist
energy sources, with onshore wind being an
particular country specifc challenges have
between Mongolia and China.
important contributor.
been identifed.
of
of
approximately
services
for
other
wind
It is expected that mining developments
The development of a newly-liberalized
will see major power demand growth in
renewable power market sector, along with
Energy challenges
Mongolia, especially in the South Gobi region
the introduction of governmental fnancial
With harsh winters and one of the worlds most
where the majority of existing and future mines
support mechanisms, makes this market
sparsely distributed populations, Mongolia
are likely to be located. New power generation
particularly
faces considerable challenges to provide
to supply such load is required to maintain
suffcient heat and electricity for its people,
future industrial zones, which could potentially
especially in rural areas.
include further wind projects.
attractive
for
international
investment.
The
US
National
Renewable
Energy
Laboratory (NREL) has found that Mongolia
Its capital, Ulaanbaatar, is also the countrys
In South Gobi, private developers are
has enormous wind power potential, with
largest municipality and is home to over one
currently working on six coal-fred power
good wind resource identifed in the east and
million people, comprising 45 per cent of the
plants and a number of wind farms which are
isolated Gobi desert area of the south.
total national population.
mostly in the feasibility stage.
According to NREL, if all windy areas in
Most
of
the
electricity
and
heat
There are a number of challenges facing
the country were developed a staggering
consumption in Mongolia occurs in the
the
1100 GW of capacity could be realized.
Central Energy System (CES), one of four
misalignment between rapid gross domestic
relatively small, independent transmission
product growth 9.5 per cent in 2014
grids.
according to the Asian Development Bank
Mott
MacDonald
has
been
involved
in Mongolias wind power sector since
24
Mongolian
grid.
These
include
INNOVATION.
EXPERIENCE.
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ne.com
Wind power
and power capacity development, the

low effciency of existing aging coal plants
that need investment and rehabilitation,
high losses in transmission and distribution
networks due to long lines to low demand
centers with low density populations, and
limited grid interconnection among the four
grids and other neighbouring countries.
Additionally, due to extreme cold in winter,
the value of heat from CHP stations is much
higher than in other jurisdictions, presenting
challenges for developers of electricity-only
generators.
Other regulatory, economic,
Salkhit, Mongolias frst commercial wind farm

Credit: EBRD
managerial and fnancial barriers also exist.
Technical challenges
should
with the highest-quality roads is at Erenhot.
Mongolia is a relatively small country in GDP
evaluate electricity demand requirements in
There have been a number of wind farms
terms, and is still developing. The countrys
the context of existing and potential future
built just across the border in Inner Mongolia,
construction industry was state-controlled
demand for electricity, along with the need to
which serve to demonstrate the viability of
until 1990 and, while there are now over
operate CHP plants during wintertime to cover
transportation routes through China.
3000 construction companies in Mongolia,
heating demands.
large
international
limited presence.
New
contractors
have
The
wind
farm
transmission
developers
With respect to road links within Mongolia,

system
in
Mongolia
a key challenge is the limited extent of paved
The power sector was
is currently being reinforced to improve
roads in the country. For example, only a third
deregulated and privatized in 2001; however,
poor grid connectivity between the south
of the approximately 750 km journey from the
Salkhit, the single operating wind farm and
and north areas of CES. The grid owners
Erenhot border crossing to Ulaanbaatar is
frst independent power project, only started
Power Grid Master Plan includes a planned
made up of paved roads, while roads in the
producing power in 2013.
220 kV network that completely connects
south are poorly defned and diffcult to use
Russia, Mongolia and China, allowing power
due to soft sands and steeply sloping areas.
The relatively small size and experience

of the construction industry, the limited
interchange among these countries.
experience of all institutions in developing,
interconnecting plan will play an important
conditions
constructing and operating power projects,
role for the Mongolian grid to increase system
period, and potentially into operation, is
as well as the challenge of balancing a
reliability and security and for wind farms to be
required as roads are sensitive to short-lived
decentralized grid have led to skill shortages
able to export their full range of power. There
rainfall and snowmelt during the spring.
throughout the supply chain.
is, however, uncertainty as to when these works
Adding to the challenges, sandstorms can
will be completed.
occur relatively frequently in spring and
Capacity
building throughout the Mongolian power

sector
may
be
necessary
to
achieve
substantial sector growth.
This
Wind turbine generators (WTG) and other

major equipment such as transformers are
Given the relatively low current power
Additionally, regular maintenance of road

throughout
the
transportation
summer leading to delays and health and

safety risks.
expected to be transported from countries
Despite the challenges, abnormal loads
grid
such as China, Japan or India via Tianjin Port.
and construction traffc have been seen to
interconnection, insuffcient load demand
There are a number of entrance points to
successfully use dirt roads, once improved, in
and/or baseload supply may limit the amount
Mongolia from China, however the crossing
similar terrain in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.
demand
and
poor
in-country
of wind power that can be connected to the

grid. In the South Gobi, wind projects viability
may be contingent on:
l
combination
of
additional
mining
demand coming into place within a short
Western
Energy System
time frame (which in itself depends on a

number of political and economic factors);
l
Commissioning of planned baseload CHP

plants in the South Gobi region, ideally to
Central
Energy System
Western
Energy System
Altai-Uliastai
Energy System
coincide with the expected commissioning

of wind farms;
l
Implementation
of
wider
grid
inter-
connection plans within Mongolia and to

Russia and China to provide further grid
fexibility.
26
Grid systems in Mongolia

Credit: Mott MacDonald
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Wind power
RECOMMENDATIONS CHECKLIST
All parties,from government and investors
to the Mongolian wind and construction

industries, should implement structures
to attract highly skilled staff and build
capacity in the country;
As contractor(s) will have to rely on local
subcontractors in certain areas, it is

crucial to obtain suffcient highly skilled
management staff to provide a robust
focus on quality control and health and
Salkhit
Credit: EBRD
safety;
Timescales for the completion of new
transmission
lines
currently
under
In addition to the design and maintenance
international contractors with a presence in
development should confrmed by the
aspects outlined above, successful transport
Mongolia. Additionally, WTG manufacturers
local authorities as the delivery of these
will also require an experienced abnormal
tend to focus on their core activity of WTG
lines will be required for the commercial
load transport contractor with appropriate
supply while construction contractors may
equipment.
not wish to take on overall project risk when

the largest proportion of the contract value
operation of wind projects in South Gobi;

Perform a WTG transportation route
study to indicate route modifcation and
Schedule and programming

challenges
falls to the WTG manufacturers.
Climate conditions in Mongolia are extreme.
multi-contract structure; however, to achieve
During winter, temperatures of -20C in the day
acceptable outturn costs strong interface
Implement
capacity
building
and -40C at night are relatively typical and
management procedures will need to be
Mongolian
customs
authorities
temperatures can fall below zero during the
developed.
inclusion of schedule foat to address
It may
therefore be commercially benefcial to use a
maintenance requirements;
Use
transport
subcontractors
experienced in moving abnormal loads;

l
within
and
likely timeframes for customs clearance;
night anytime outside of May to September.

Due to this, it should be assumed that
O&M and cranes
Conservative
schedules
should
be
proposed which are robust in the event
major construction activities are not possible
A particular challenge in Mongolia is the
between the end of November and beginning
lack of an in-country crane available to lift
of April, and schedules should be designed
large (over 2 MW) WTG components. A crane
accordingly. Additionally, construction sites
may need to be sourced on a temporary
able to be demobilized over the winter
need to be left in an appropriate state to survive
basis internationally, likely from China, by the
period without any risk to equipment left
the winter, with on-site components protected
relevant contractor. Specifc attention will also
effectively. Because of the signifcant season-
need to be given to the availability of cranes
related considerations, project completion
during the operation of the wind project in
market
time frames are likely to be longer in Mongolia
case of major maintenance works requiring
qualifcation assessments to understand
than in less extreme climates.
a heavy lift.
what contractual arrangements are
In addition to the climate, the transport
Finally, we have noted that in Asia it can
and skill issues discussed above may impact
be challenging to obtain operations and
on the timescale for completing activities in
maintenance (O&M) services from parties
comparison with international norms.
other than WTG suppliers. Therefore, during
Developers
often
to
In the event of delays the site should be
on-site;
A developer needs to perform its own
engagement
through
pre-
likely to be available in the market;

If a multi-contract approach is the
only valid option, robust interface risk

management will be required;
The availability of cranes for major
construct
the selection of the supplier, developers will
infrastructure projects under engineering,
need to consider the potential necessity for
maintenance should be a focus and
procurement
provision of O&M services and spare parts
it should be decided whether this
over the long term.
equipment should be sourced from the
and
prefer
of delays;
l
construction
(EPC)
contracts, as these pass the majority of

construction risk to a single contractor.
For
project
fnance
and
especially
in
market or via a formal arrangement with

Caedmon
Shayer
and
Iban
Vendrell
a particular supplier;
undeveloped markets such as Mongolia,
are renewable energy engineers at Mott
fxed price wrap-up agreements would be
MacDonald
be assured contractually and either
commonly preferred over cost-plus or other
http://www.mottmac.com
a long-term O&M agreement signed
price sharing arrangements.

However, sourcing an EPC contractor may
be diffcult as there are a limited number of
28
Long-term spare parts provision should
or a robust plan to train in-country
technicians implemented.
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2013 Turbomach. All rights reserved.
Multi-pollutant control technology
JEAs Northside Generating Station includes two Amec Foster Wheeler CFB boilers,
each producing 831,000 acfm of fue gas.
Credit: Amec Foster Wheeler
Circulating fuidized
bed scrubber vs
spray dryer absorber
Many utilities are under pressure to add fue gas desulphurization to their coalfred units in response to more stringent air emissions regulations. Matthew Fischer
and Greg Darling sort out the difference between state-of-the-art circulating
fuidized bed scrubbers and the latest advanced spray dryer absorber designs.
he converging US Environmental
(MATS) and Regional Haze (RH) reduction are
available limestone as the reagent, which can
Protection Agency (EPA) rules for
ongoing programmes.
be recycled into a number of useful products
reducing mercury, metals, acid

gases,
organic
The debate over what limits will be imposed
to offset operating costs.
compounds,
has now shifted to how individual units will
SO2, NOx and particulates have
comply with the prescribed deadlines. There
disadvantages, such as large capital and
However,
WFGD
scrubbers
do
have
ratcheted up the pressure on coal-
are as many technical approaches to meeting
high maintenance costs. By design, many
fred generators to quickly reduce a variety of
new emission limits as there are differences in
WFGD systems require periodic discharge
pollutants. The EPA estimates that its Cross-
plant designs. Adding to the complexity of any
of the scrubber liquor to maintain solids
State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) alone requires
solution is the uncertainty of future rules that
and/or
more than 3000 units at more than 1000 plants
will require further reductions of an expanding
additional treatment which adds capital
located in 28 states to reduce emissions that
range of pollutants.
and operating costs.
cross state lines and contribute to ground-level

ozone and fne particle pollution.
chlorides.
This
effuent
requires
Also the uncertainty
In the past,SO2 capture on a large scale was
of future regulations, specifcally the Steam
the province of wet fue gas desulphurization
Electric Power Generating Effuent Limitation
CSPAR Phase 1 compliance takes effect this
(WFGD) technology. It has the advantage of a
Guidelines (ELG), may require additional
year, while Mercury and Air Toxics Standards
relatively low operating cost and uses readily
discharge treatment.
30
Proud to be here
ansaldoenergia.com
WFGD is also limited in its ability to capture
Lime Slurry
mercury and SO3. Some plants have reported

increased mercury removal as a desirable
Automizing Air
but expensive co-beneft when a selective
Nozzle
Shroud
catalytic reduction (SCR) system for NOx
Automizing Air
Lime Slurry
Air Reservoir
Shroud Air
removal was installed upstream of the WFGD

scrubber.
Other plants have also added injection
of one or more proprietary reagents into the
Lance Assembly
furnace, such as dry sorbent injection (DSI),

as a means to increase the mercury removal
co-beneft. Stacking technologies is not a
cost-effective long-term strategy to reduce
pollutants its unnecessarily expensive and
Inserts
Two Fluid Nozzle
reduces the overall reliability of the entire unit.

A more holistic solution is preferred.
Technology comparison
Interest in dry or semi-dry FGD scrubbers
is increasing due to their ability to capture
Figure 2.
The optimized two-fuid nozzle design ensures balanced atomizing air distribution in order to produce a
consistent droplet size, and reduced compressed air consumption by a quarter. Also, tungsten carbide
inserts have signifcantly reduced nozzle wear
Source: Amec Foster Wheeler
mercury, acid gases, dioxins and furans, in

addition to SO2 and particulates. These multipollutant technologies also have added
The frst technology is the spray dryer
droplets. Evaporation of the slurry water in the
benefts: no liquid discharge and signifcantly
absorber (SDA), which sprays atomized lime
droplets occurs simultaneously with acid gas
reduced
is
slurry droplets into the fue gas. Acid gases
absorption. The cooled fue gas carries the
increasingly important to power plants that are
are absorbed by the atomized slurry droplets
dried reaction product downstream to the
under pressure to reduce water consumption.
while simultaneously evaporating into a solid
fabric flter. This dried reaction product can be
Two multi-pollutant technologies dominate
particulate. The fue gas and solid particulate
recycled to optimize lime use (see Figure 1).
the utility sector. The fundamental difference
are then directed to a fabric flter where the
Industry experience with earlier SDAs
between the two technologies is the manner in
solid materials are collected from the fue gas.
was that they were expensive to operate
which the reagent is mixed with the incoming
Amec Foster Wheeler has installed 60 SDA units
and maintain regardless of the atomization
fue gas to remove the desired pollutants.
representing over 4500 MW of plant capacity.
mechanism used. Amec Foster Wheeler has
The second is the circulating fuidized bed
redesigned its two-fuid nozzle to improve the
scrubber (CFBS), which circulates boiler ash
distribution and mixing of atomizing air with
and lime between a scrubber and a fabric
lime slurry, which improves mixing effciency
flter. Amec Foster Wheeler has installed 78 CFB
and decreases operating and maintenance
scrubber units representing over 7000 MW of
costs (see Figure 2).
water
consumption,
Perforated
Distribution
Plate & Flow
Straightener
Reaction
Vessel
which
Flue
gas In
Two-Phase
Reaction
Process
Two Fluid
Nozzles
Flue Gas
Out
capacity in the power and industrial industries.
Figure 1.
The SDA uses hydrated lime to treat fue gas. The
heat of the fue gas evaporates the droplets,
which cools the fue gas. Cooled fue gas with
the dried products is directed to a fabric flter
Source: Amec Foster Wheeler
32
optimized
nozzle
design
delivers
even atomizing air distribution to produce a
as the predominant collection mechanism.
consistent droplet size while providing longer
In general, the acid gas dissolves into the
nozzle life. In 14 feld applications, the optimized
alkaline slurry droplets and then reacts with
nozzle
the alkaline material to form a flterable solid.
frequency (one to three weeks of continuous
Intimate contact between the alkaline sorbent
operation),
(hydrated lime) and fue gases makes the gas
(2025
removal process effective.
consumption), and longer life with its new
The key to effcient performance is the

Solids
Discharge
Hopper
The
SDA technology operates using absorption
means used to atomize the lime slurry into
has
per
demonstrated
reduced
cent
cost
less
low
of
cleaning
operation
compressed
air
tungsten carbide inserts. In addition, no special

tools are required for routine maintenance.
droplets within the gas stream.The SDA offered
The SDA design also provides additional
by Amec Foster Wheeler utilizes a two-fuid
operating fexibility for the entire plant. For
nozzle to atomize the lime slurry.
example, any two-fuid nozzle can be removed
The fne spray provides increased contact
for maintenance without decreasing boiler
area in order for gas absorption to occur
load. Emissions performance is maintained
compared to the CFBS (its easier to mix a
even when multiple two-fuid nozzles are
gas with a liquid than with a solid). Acid
taken out of service. The SDA is also capable
gases are then absorbed onto the atomized
of high unit turndown, down to 25 per cent
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of the scrubber and enters the fabric flter,

Fabric Filter
where solids entrained in the fue gas are
Dry Flue Gas

with solids
CFB
Scrubber
captured and recycled back to the scrubber

to capture additional pollutants. A portion of
the recycled solids is removed from the fabric
Multiple Venturi Design
flter in order to maintain the right quantity of

material in the circulating loop.
The effectiveness of the sorbent is largely a
function of residence time. A CFBS can keep
Water
Hydrated
Lime
solids in the system from 20 to 30 minutes. This

is a suffcient period of time for the sorbent to
Water
Air
react with the acid gases. Two independent
Air
Solid By-Product
control systems maintain the dry fue gas

Hydrated Lime
Inlet Flue
Gas and
Ash
Recycled Solids
at optimum temperature and at adequate

removal effciency by controlling the amount
Absorber Bottom
Reactor Ash
Drain
of water added and the amount of fresh
Raw Flue Gas

& Ash
sorbent added separately. As a result, unlike

the SDA scrubber, pollutant capture is not
limited by inlet fue gas temperature.
Figure 3. The principal operating steps are

recycling a solids/hydrated lime and water
mixture in the fue gas, and then capturing
solids in a fabric flter. Other reactive absorbents
like activated carbon can be added to target
specifc pollutants
Source: FWEC
Figure 4. In turbulent mixing, fue gas enters

vertically upward into the scrubber and through
a set of venturis that accelerate the gas fow. Wall
turbulators increase fue gas and reagent mixing
effciency. Multiple venturis allow a single scrubber
to be scaled up to 600 MW in unit capacity
Source: FWEC
Technical comparison
Table 1 summarizes the important technical
differences between the SDA and CFBS
options. Table 2 summarizes the performance
differences. In general, the CFBS is slightly
better at SO2 control, with up to 98+ per cent
of rated fue gas fow without recirculation
important role of cooling the gas to enhance
capture with high amounts of sulphur in the
of the fue gases while maintaining emission
the adsorption of the vapor phase pollutants
fuel. Plant turndown capability is equivalent,
requirements. The design of the unit also
onto the solid particles.
when the CFBS is equipped with fue gas
provides for fast load response enabling
The gas and solids mixture exits at the top
recirculation.
unit cycling or load following. An added

advantage is low absorber pressure drop
that keeps the parasitic fan power loss to a
Performance characteristic
SDA
CFBS
< 2.5%
< 3.5%
95 97%
95 98+ %
40,000 1,000,000 acfm
75,000 1,800,000 acfm
minimum.
Boiler fue gas enters the CFBS (with or
without ash) at the bottom of the up-fow
vessel, fowing upward through a venturi
section that accelerates the gas fow rate,
causing turbulent fow. The turbulator wall
surface of the vessel causes highly turbulent
Fuel sulphur content

SO2 removal %
Capacity per vessel
Turndown capability, % of MCR
fue gas fow
50% without FGR

25% without FGR
25% with FGR
mixing of the fue gas, solids, and water for

four to six seconds to achieve a high capture
effciency of the vapour phase acid gases
and metals contained within the fue gas. The
gas and solids mixture then leaves the top of
Sorbent
Sorbent treatment
Sorbent utilization
(molar Ca/S ratio)
Recycled solids/hydrated lime and water

mix with the turbulent fowing gas moving
Dry calcium hydroxide
Slaker
Dry hydrator
1.4 1.5
(without recycle)
1.3 1.4
1.15 1.25 (with recycle)
the scrubber and the fabric flter removes the

solid material (see Figures 3 and 4).
Calcium hydroxide slurry
Control fexibility
Temperature-limited
Temperature-independent
Water quality
Medium
Low
Capital cost
Slightly lower
Slightly higher
Larger diameter vessel,

smaller fabric flter, equal
overall footprint
Smaller diameter vessel, larger

fabric flter (lower A/C ratio),
equal overall footprint
vertically through the vessel, which provides

gas cooling, reactivation of recycled ash,
and capture of pollutants. The CFBS process
Footprint, includes fabric flter
achieves a very high solids-to-gas ratio, which

dramatically improves the ability of vapour
phase pollutants to fnd adsorption sites on
Table 1. Key technical characteristics of SDA and CFBS. Source: Amec Foster Wheeler
Notes: MCR = maximum continuous rating; FGR = fue gas recirculation; acfm = actual cubic feet
per minute
the colliding solid particles.The water plays the
34
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TELEPHONE +31 71 5792444 FAX +31 71 5792792 EMAIL INFO@NEM.NL, WWW.NEM-GROUP.COM
In general, the CFBS offers slightly greater

SO2 removal fexibility when compared to
Parameter
SDA
CFBS
SDA. The amount of fresh lime injection is not

limited by fue gas temperature, thus allowing
SO2 removal, %
95 97
95 98+
greater SO2 scrubbing performance over a
SO3 removal, %
95+
95+
HCl/HF removal, %
99
99
because fresh lime is introduced as slurry
Total PM removal effciency, %
99+
99+
(lime and water). In addition, due to water
Mercury removal effciency, % (with or without PAC)
Equal
Equal
10
16
wider range of fuel sulphur content.

SDA
systems
are
temperature-limited
being introduced independently and purely

Pressure drop, inches H2O
for temperature control, the CFBS can utilize

lower quality water, as it is not used for pebble
Auxiliary power consumption
Higher
Lower
lime hydration.
Total power consumption (including ID fan)
Equal
Equal
99
99
The CFBS has the ability to effectively treat

more fue gas volume than an SDA.
Availability, %
The
multiple venturis present allow a single CFBS
Water consumption
Equal
Equal
vessel to be scaled up to almost twice that of
Noise
Equal
Equal
the SDA vessel option.

Table 2. Key performance characteristics of SDA and CFBS. Source: Amec Foster Wheeler
Notes: ID = induced draft; PAC = powdered activated carbon; PM = particulate matter
Turndown capability is built into the SDA

design, where a CFBS requires a fue gas
recirculation system in order to achieve
equivalent turndown. An SDA utilizing the twofuid nozzle design can maintain required
recirculated fue gas is required to maintain
additional parasitic load is an operating cost
emission levels down to approximately 25 per
bed velocities in order to maintain required
consideration for the CFBS.
cent of MCR.
emission levels. If turndown during non-peak
In a CFBS at lower loads, additional
power demands is a consideration, the
The
CFBS
provides
greater
sorbent
utilization compared to a once-through SDA
ACTIVE IN THE
POWER AND
PETRO-CHEMICAL
MARKET FOR NEW
AND RETROFIT
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4
5
6
7
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9
10
11
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Exhaust Diffuser / Exhaust Plenum

Exhaust Duct
Exhaust Bypass System
Silencer
Exhaust / HRSG Inlet Duct
HRSG Internal Insulation
Vent Silencer
Stack
Expansion Joint
Diverter Damper
Stack Damper
Guillotine Damper
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4
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Headquarters
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a Ceco Environmental company
T +31 341 252635 / F +31 341 262112 / E info@aarding.com / www.aarding.com

Ofces The Netherlands - Canada - USA - Brazil - Singapore
36
system, as the reagent recycle is incorporated
impact compared to the additional auxiliary
on equal-sized units, but with two absorbers
into the design. However, due to the difference
power of an SDA.
and more limited fuel sulphur ranges. The
in hydration effciency, a SDA equipped
Both technologies are simple, reliable
utility retroft market has leaned more toward
with recycle offers greater overall sorbent
and robust. When maintenance of the CFBS
the CFBS technology of late due to the higher
utilization compared to a CFBS. In an SDA
is required, the accumulated solids can
SO2 removal performance. However, SDAs are
the recycled solids are slurried within a tank,
easily be removed through the bottom of
gaining popularity due to a new generation
providing essentially 100 per cent hydration.
the scrubber. Also, the water nozzles are low
of SDA nozzles which has signifcantly reduced
In a CFBS water spray nozzles wet the
maintenance and can be replaced with the
cleaning frequency, which was a major
dry recirculated solids as they pass through
unit in operation. SDA two-fuid nozzles may
criticism by early adopters. In addition, the SDA
the vessel. This hydration process is less
also be removed and maintained during
offers greater turndown capability without fue
effcient due to the quantity of recycled solids
plant operation without loss of unit capacity.
gas recirculation equipment. With extended
and the lack of suffcient wetting time.
No special tools are required for two-fuid
nozzle life and reduced compressed air
nozzle maintenance.
consumption, the performance gap between
All the other performance characteristics

are relatively equivalent, including net auxiliary
the SDA and CFBS has narrowed. Specifc site
power. The pressure drop in the SDA (25 cm
No one size fts all
and environmental permit requirements will
H2O) is much less than the equivalently-sized
In the past, dry scrubbing technology was
be the determining factor.
CFBS (40 cm H2O), which is proportional
typically chosen over WFGD technology for
to ID fan power consumed. However, the
its much lower capital cost and water usage,
Matthew Fischer is Product Leader, Dry FGD
auxiliary power used by the SDA, principally
provided that the boiler size was not too large
Systems, and Greg Darling is Product Leader,
for compressed (atomizing) air, exceeds that
and the fuel sulphur content was not too high.
CFBS Systems, for Amec Foster Wheeler North
required by the CFBS.

The
net
America Corporation Global Power Group

Environmental Systems
designs up to 600 MW backed by operating
http://www.amecfw.com
However,
experience on coal-fred units of over 500 MW,
depending on the unit capacity, pressure
and on fuels with sulphur levels above 4 per
drop may have a greater operating cost
cent by weight. SDAs have also been deployed
is
approximately
by
the
broken
option
used
that
has
through these limitations with single unit
power
is
technology
total
auxiliary
result
Today, CFBS
either
equivalent.
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IPGCC facility
Credit: Westinghouse Plasma Corporation
Technology Focus: Plasma gasifcation
The potential
of plasma
A plant that will convert 1000 tonnes per day of municipal waste to syngas and
refueling gas turbines are two recent initiatives in the development of plasma
gasifcation, writes Kal Bhojak of Westinghouse Plasma Corporation
estinghouse
Plasma
Corporation
(WPC)
is working to make
landflls
obsolete
through
the
deployment
of
its
plasma gasifcation technology.

The WPC technology provides feedstock
fexibility and creates an energy-rich syngas
that can be used to create high value products
such as power, liquids and chemicals.
WPCs technology has been commercially
operating for over 15 years in energy from
waste (EfW) applications throughout Japan,
India, China, and most recently the UK. Our
plasma gasifer is capable of processing up to
1000 tonnes per day (tpd) of feedstock, and
creating up to 3,500,000 GJ per year of energyrich syngas. This volume of syngas can then
be used to power a gas turbine in producing
50 MW of electricity, or the syngas can
displace 670,000 bbl per year of traditional
fossil fuels.
From
an
industrial
scale
power
perspective, WPC is leading the way on two

fronts. We have recently deployed two of our
1000 tpd gasifers into the worlds frst integrated
plasma gasifcation combined cycle (IPGCC)
facility. This facility, which is owned and
operated by Air Products and Chemicals, will
transform 2000 tpd of municipal solid waste
(MSW) into 100 MW of gross electric energy.
The frst 1000 tpd phase of the project is
currently in commissioning and the second
1000
tpd
phase
is
under
construction.
These twin EfW plants set a new standard in

effciency and environmental sustainability for
EfW facilities.
38
Agriculture
Construction
Material Handling
Powergen
Powergen
Critical power every

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and year around the world.
Our engines make a difference.
www.perkins.com
Technology Focus: Plasma gasifcation
The second initiative that WPC has recently

undertaken is the refueling of existing gas
turbines with waste-derived syngas. We have
partnered with GE to evaluate this market
opportunity and the results of feasibility
studies have confrmed that the WPC syngas
is an acceptable fuel for over 5000 of the GE
turbines that are currently deployed globally.
With the deployment of the UK plants and
the refueling partnership with GE, WPC is
well-positioned to lead the way in the next
generation of utility scale EfW plants.
Tees Valley EfW

The Tees Valley EfW plant
Credit: Westinghouse Plasma Corporation
Our fagship EfW facility is being commissioned

in Tees Valley in the UK, where the WPC
technology has been deployed. The frst plant
will convert 1000 tpd of municipal waste into
enough to provide electricity to over 100,000
a blend or a full fuel replacement scenario.
approximately 3,500,000 GJ per year of clean
homes. Tees Valley is the frst EfW facility in the
In addition, the gas turbines were found to
syngas that will fuel gas turbines in combined
world that will fuel a gas turbine with syngas
produce incremental energy when fred on
cycle mode.
derived from waste. This represents the new
syngas compared to natural gas, as illustrated
standard in effciency and environmental
in Figure 1. To capitalize on this opportunity,
sustainability for EfW plants globally.
we are working with GE, which has over 5000
Combined-cycle power plants, like Tees

Valley 1 and 2, have effciencies of 45 per cent
to 50 per cent, whereas traditional incineration
6-Series, 7-Series, and 9-Series gas turbines
technologies convert waste into steam cycle
Refueling gas turbines
deployed globally, all of which are potential
power, with effciencies of less than 30 per
The compressed syngas generated at the Tees
targets for fuel replacement using WPC syngas.
cent. The IPGCC facility in Tees Valley is the
Valley facilities is also applicable to brownfeld
With the positive study results, WPC and GE
frst of its kind and will set the standard for
projects, where an existing gas turbine is
are jointly targeting countries and individual
effciency and environmental sustainability in
consuming high-cost fossil fuels.
assets that will beneft from the fossil fuel
the EfW marketplace.
WPC has been working with GE to confrm
replacement strategy. In some markets, these
the suitability of our syngas to refuel their gas
targets are importing high-cost fossil fuels. In
7,000,000 GJ per year of syngas that will feed
turbines globally.
GEs simulationp results
other markets, these targets are consuming
two gas turbines in combined cycle mode
confrmed that, in all cases, the WPC syngas
high-value indigenous fossil fuels, which could
to produce 100 MW (gross) of electricity
was found suitable for the GE turbines in either
otherwise be sold on the international market
The Tees Valley facilities will create around
for a higher price. The joint solution offered by

WPC and GE will help these targets to increase
proftability and sustainability.
The WPC plasma gasifcation technology is
the most advanced waste thermal treatment
technology. It enables the conversion of diffcult
feedstocks, such as MSW and hazardous
waste, into a clean, energy-rich syngas.
This syngas is suitable for use in advanced
downstream energy production technologies,
such as high effciency gas turbines or nextgeneration liquid fuels production. In most
global markets, the WPC technology provides
a low- to zero-cost alternative to fossil fuels.
Kal Bhojak is Business Analyst at Westinghouse
Plasma Corporation
http://www.westinghouse-plasma.com
Figure 1. Gas turbines were found to produce incremental energy when fred with syngas
Credti: Westinghouse Plasma Corporation
40
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Substation and turbines at the London Array

Credit: Tildy Bayar
Wind power
The London Array

turns two
The London Array the worlds largest operational offshore wind farm has been
online for two years, and is now moving into a steady-state phase of operation.
Tildy Bayar visited the site to fnd out whats involved.
he 630 MW London Array the
Arrays outgoing general manager, so we
turbines to each other and the export cables
worlds largest operational offshore
have quite the ecosystem. Bronagh Byrne,
connecting them to shore began in 2011 and
wind farm, covering an area of
then-environment and consent manager,
was completed in late 2012. In October 2012
100 km2 has been online since
also reported having seen grey seals basking
the frst turbine began producing power, and
2012, and fully operational since
on sandbanks near the wind farm, with
in December the fnal turbine was installed.
2013. First proposed in 2001 as
construction going on in the background.
Full operation was achieved in April 2013.
a joint venture between TXU Europe, Farm
She added that it was great to know we
At the height of construction there were
Energy, ABB, Powergen and Shell, it is currently
werent having a detrimental effect on our
1000 people working on the wind farm, using
jointly owned by E.ON (which holds a
neighbours.
60 vessels. There are currently 90 permanent
30 per cent share), Dong Energy (25 per cent),
Another factor was technical challenges.
Masdar (20 per cent, acquired in 2008) and
OHare said: The Phase 2 site is technically
Canadian pension fund Caisse de dpt et
more challenging than Phase 1 with a large
The wind farms 175 3.6-MW Siemens
placement du Qubec (25 per cent from
area in very shallow water. Additional issues
turbines produce 2.2 TWh to 2.3 TWh per year.
2014, when it acquired half of Dong Energys
include a diffcult and longer route for the
According to OHare, no other wind farm has
holding).
export cables and an exclusion zone for
produced more than 2 TWh in a calendar
aggregate operations.
year. He says the project has exceeded
A second phase was initially planned.
employees 70 technicians and 20 support

staff.
While consent was originally granted for
The wind farm was awarded a lease by The
production expectations, and that there are
up to 1 GW, according to plans the total
Crown Estate in 2003, as part of the UKs Round
just a handful of days per year when the
capacity would have come to around
2 offshore wind development programme. In
turbines arent turning.
870 MW, and London Array says that, given
2005 it became the frst Round 2 project to
Incoming general manager Jonathan
known constraints, around 830 MW would
apply for planning consent, which was given in
Duffy explains how his team calculates the
have been the likely outcome. The company
2006 for the offshore works although the initial
wind farms power production: We use the
says phase two was eventually cancelled
planning application for the projects onshore
capacity factor the amount of generation
due to a combination of factors, including the
substation was rejected by the local council.
if all the turbines worked 100 per cent of the
presence of overwintering red-throated diver
In 2007, after a public inquiry and a contest
time versus the actual production, he says.
birds. Ensuring continued protection for the
for alternative designs for the substation that
Over a year its around 40 per cent, but it
birds would have required an environmental
would minimize its visual impact, consent was
varies month by month in winter its more like
impact assessment that promised to take at
granted.
50 to 60 per cent. He adds that we believe
least three years to complete.
Work began onshore in 2009 and offshore
London Array is the worlds best-performing
Since phase 1s completion its turbines
in 2011, with the frst foundation monopile
have become a home for peregrine falcons,
installed early in that year. Two offshore
and shellfsh also seem to be attracted to
substations
2011, and
farm was the need to place the turbines so
the foundations, said Mike OHare, London
installation of the array cables connecting the
they were not in each others shadow in order
42
followed, also
in
3.6 MW [turbine] wind farm.

One challenge in designing the wind
Wind power
to avoid so-called deep array losses, where

some turbines block others so that, by the time
the wind gets to the ones behind, some of the
energy has already been extracted. A costbeneft analysis had to be performed, which
would consider the cost of cabling and how
far apart the turbines needed to be.
For phase 1 of the London Array, the energy
loss is in the region of 10 per cent, Duffy says,
while phase 2, if built, would have had
Maintenance workers atop a turbine
Credit: Tildy Bayar
greater deep array losses because it would

have been in the shadow of Phase 1 with
the prevailing wind from the southwest. All
large wind farms have this problem, he notes,
manager, saying: Its hazardous work. Workers
pull everyone off the turbine. In the Offshore
adding that new concepts to deal with deep
lift heavy equipment in changing weather
Co-ordinators offce there is a computer
array losses in future include optimizing the
patterns and, if an accident happens, they
screen showing the real-time location of
shape of the wind farm with respect to the
are a long way from medical treatment.
each worker who is offshore, so if a situation
prevailing wind where other constraints such

as planning and water depth allow.
Keeping the turbines turning
There is a no-blame policy for people to
arises then everyones location is known and
speak up if they spot a problem, he adds.
they can be accounted for. The working day
Safety is the main concern.
is long, with technicians working 12-hour
If the signifcant waves are over 1.5 metres
shifts to maximize the time on turbine, says
Keeping the turbines turning is a full-time
high (which can give a maximum wave height
Wakefeld, with fve to six crew boats normally
job involving 90 permanent on-site staff and
of approximately 2.4 metres), he explains,
in the feld at one time.
multiple considerations. London Array makes
the work boats wont push on (dock) at the
Neill Austen, a crew boat skipper, explains
the point that safety is always the highest
turbines; if there is lightning within 25 km then
that his work schedule is two weeks on, two
priority, with Miles Wakefeld, balance of plant
the Offshore Co-ordinators will immediately
weeks off and that he usually transports
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www.chris-marine.com
Wind power
12 workers at a time on the hour-long journey
putting a turbine out of action for three
Construction challenges
out to the turbines, dropping them off in teams
months. Finding a suitable vessel [to carry
OHare outlined some of the challenges his
of two or three workers per turbine. Generally
the transformer] takes time, OHare said, as
team faced during the construction period.
service teams will stay in one location all day,
does the problem analysis:Were undertaking
For example, the 175 monopile foundations,
but the teams carrying out warranty works
a root cause analysis to understand why the
which anchor the turbines to the seabed, had
may go to three or four locations.
fault happened.
to be individually constructed due to varying
Last year, OHare says, the amount of
According
to
OHare,
on-site
risk
water depths and seabed conditions. Each
planned vs unplanned maintenance was
management measures include optical-fbre
about 50/50. Routine maintenance, he
distributed temperature sensing on the wind
Also, although it is standard practice to
says, is critical and in some ways not that
farms export and array cables.This is standard
bury the power export cables underneath the
complicated:
tightening
bolts,
monopile was unique, OHare says.
changing
equipment for export cables, but OHare says
seabed, the London Arrays four export cables
flters, but there are some more specialist
London Array is the only wind farm that also
had to cross the Kentish Flats export cable and
tasks such as vibration monitoring. In terms of
has it on array cables.
the BritNed interconnector because the other
inspection, he adds, 20 turbine foundations
The technology looks out for cold spots,
cables were there frst, said OHare so while
he explains: The cable gets cold when it gets
London Arrays cables are buried under the
He notes that there has been very little in
toward the [waters] surface, and this would
seabed for most of the route, they do come to
the way of major issues with the wind farm
suggest that the cable may not be buried
the surface with rock berms for protection at
and that there have been just three major
anymore. In addition, the wind farm uses
the crossing points. Each cable is over 50 km
component repairs in its two years of operation.
bathymetric surveys to check if there is any
in length and weighs 4500 tonnes.
In 2013 a gearbox (weighing 43 tonnes) was
scour development, or erosion of the seabed
swapped out; more recently, in May a main
surface around the turbine base.
are inspected per year.
The initial design featuring a cylindrical

grouted connection between the monopiles
bearing exchange was accomplished the
In the event of a cable failure, the setup
and transition pieces, an industry standard,
problem having been picked up by vibration
ensures that power can be switched between
was subsequently found by a joint industry
monitoring, OHare says.
array cables, and contingency procedures
project to be not as effective as was originally
are in place for the transformers and export
thought, Duffy said, so late in our design
cables.
process we adapted and put in a conical
The team also had to swap out a

transformer that had developed a fault,
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44
Wind power
design here. We were one of the frst wind

farms to do this. He added that while it slowed
things down at the beginning of construction,
it will have a positive effect on the integrity of
the monopile structures.
Some of the construction vessels used
for the London Array were newly built for
the project on spec, OHare says. The main
construction vessel, used to transport large,
heavy parts and materials out to the turbines,
arrived later than expected and had a
Turbine climbing safety demonstration
Credit: Tildy Bayar
deeper draft (how much the bottom of the

ship is below sea level) than planned, he
noted and with much of the construction
taking place in relatively shallow waters, this
was a problem.
And the issues werent only offshore. The

150,000 V to 400,000 V onshore substation
One of the most diffcult things was
took three years to complete after planning

was
with the offshore substations 33 kV bus ducts
when little work could be done, he added,
refused. Once the winning new design was
involving partial electrical discharge; we
as some of the turbines are above sea
adopted, there was a commissioning issue
had to take them apart and put them back
level at low tide and any bad weather had
with the cables connecting to the National
together, OHare said. He noted curiously that,
a disproportionate effect.
Grid substation which, according to OHare,
during the construction process, the heavy
construction there were 60 vessels in the water,
delayed
the
lifting and offshore work that should have
carrying materials and about 1000 workers.
turbines by six months. However, the team
been more diffcult generally went well, while
According to OHare, there were 5000 or so
was determined to fnish on schedule and
the more conventional electrical aspects
total [workers] over the construction period.
set what OHare believes was a new record
caused diffculties.
initial
original
design
There were also commissioning issues
permission
the
the
15 per week.
installing the array cables there were times
At the peak of
for
for commissioning offshore turbines of 10 to
energization
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45
Wind power
Human error also played a small part in
metal conductors. According to OHare, rope
infrastructure
slowing down the process. Each 60-metre
access technicians were used to remedy
offshore wind farm, where he was generation
turbine blade features a lightning protection
the receptors on a number of the turbines
manager. As London Array moves from the
system that includes eight metal receptors
a minor thing to do onshore, but a big deal
early operation stage into a steady-state
four on each side. After these were frst
when working offshore, he said.
phase, Duffy plans to take a more systematic
installed (before the turbines were assembled
for
the
Greater
Gabbard
view of operation and maintenance, look for
on-site), it was found that there was higher
Moving ahead
operational effciencies and long-term asset
resistance than might have been necessary
Duffy comes to London Array with over
protection, and focus on risk management
for safe operation over the lifetime of the
10 years of offshore wind experience, including
and managing asset integrity. He will also be
project, as resin had been applied over the
setting up the operations and maintenance
a fresh pair of eyes on the quality of ongoing

maintenance.
For example, he says: You need the right
inspection techniques to deal with the shifting
seabed and subsea structures which can
produce scour, and you need adequate
corrosion protection so there isnt degradation
ahead of the design curve. Currently, says
OHare, 20 turbine foundations are inspected
per year, but this is planned to increase.
In addition, Duffy plans to implement yield
improvement initiatives of various kinds. One
such initiative that has already yielded results
is Siemenslean servicing strategy, which has
cut maintenance teams from four to three
persons and streamlined the process by
which they work for improved effciency.
Upgrades are also in the works, with several
already installed before the turbines were
placed. Given the length of the projects
development, OHare says, the technology
often moves on and comes up with new things
about the importance of your lters.
while youre still in the development phase.

Early improvements included modifcations
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construction, perhaps put it best in terms of
root of the blade.

Sren Larsen, project manager during
the wind farms future impact.The experience
weve had, in terms of what works and doesnt
work, will help to create the next generation of
wind farms in the UK and around the world,
he says.
OHare agrees. London Array has shown
we can deliver colossal offshore wind farms
on time and on budget, cementing the UKs
position as a world leader in offshore wind,
CLARCORindustrialair.com | +1-800-821-2222 | +44 (0) 1420 541188

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and we need to keep building on that, he

says.
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Adapting to the
energy transition
This years POWER-GEN Europe in Amsterdam put several key issues in the spotlight,
including the evolving role of utilities and thermal power plants, writes Kelvin Ross
here was a perceptible change
and steel on the ground to prepare for smart
of mood among the European
market design.
power market at this years POWER-
Van der Hoeven conceded that proposed

new power projects were facing a new breed
She said that this meant a market that
of the syndrome known as NIMBY (not in my
sets prices that accurately refects the physical
back yard). We have the NUMBY not under
In the past few years, there had
reality of the electricity system, both in terms of
my backyard; the NOMBY not over my back
been a mixture of bewilderment
time when and where the power is used
yard; and we also have the NOMH not on my
and anger at the policy decisions both
and in terms of space where it is generated
horizon. All are challenges.
national and European that had pulled the
and used.
GEN Europe in Amsterdam.
She said there was no going back from the
rug from under the feet of the sector and left
Van der Hoeven said that there are some
low-carbon energy transition but stressed that
many companies wondering just what their
who would say that large-scale utilities do not
national capacity markets are not the right
role was going to be in the shifting sands of
have a place in this future.
solution in terms of an integrated European
the 21st century energy system.
But she warned that this was an over-
energy system.
Now,however,there is a mood of adaptation
simplifcation that is made far too often.
She said a holistic, all-encompassing
and evolution there is a realization that there
Equating a low-carbon energy system with
approach is needed if we are going to tackle
is no altering the direction of travel which is
the collapse of large-scale utilities is not the
climate change.
taking the power system away from the days
case at all.
The pace of change of Europes power
of new, large-scale power plants and onto a
Utility-scale power generation continues
transition was also tackled by Ineke Dezentj
road leading to more fexible, often distributed
to be absolutely essential to fulflling Europes
Hamming-Bluemink, President of FME, the
generation.
energy demands.
Dutch Employers Association.
Utilities, OEMs and everyone in between
However, she stressed that utilities had to
She said that a company can no longer
are taking what they have done well for
evolve. She said in a future characterized by
make a 10-year business plan you must now
years and adapting it for the coming years of
distributed generation and smart grids, the
review your strategy every month. Its eat or be
energy transition.
kilowatt-hour of electricity may not be the
eaten.
It was the role of utilities that formed a key
most valuable product. Rather, the company
She urged companies to leave your
strand of a speech by Maria van der Hoeven,
that will do well is one that uses innovative
comfort zone and exploit new opportunities,
Executive Director of the International Energy
ideas to bring together power, technology,
and stated that those that survive would be
Agency.
effciency and other resources in a resilient
the ones that can best adapt.
Speaking at the Joint Opening Keynote
and secure manner.
Ceremony, she said that the 21st century

energy structure needed new towers, cables
48
Its a company that will take advantage of

a market that places value on fexibility.
Marie Donnelly, Director of DG Energy at the

European Commission, told the audience that
Europe was extremely at risk and exposed by
POWER-GEN Europe
its huge reliance on oil and gas imports which, she said, made it all
the more important for Europe to act in an integrated, collaborative
way.We cant continue to operate with 28 separate boxes in the EU.
Dr Wolfgang Konrad, chief executive of Siemens Distributed
Generation, said that between 1990 and 2010, the share of distributed
generation was about a third of total demand. What we are going to
see in the next 20 years is this rising to well over 50 per cent and thats
a trend that will not change.
We need to understand how to better match demand with
availability.
One of the key debates in Europe at the moment is over the future
role of thermal power. At the Plenary Panel debate, Martin Giesen,
Executive Chairman of Advanced Power, said he foresees a role for
traditional conventional power in Europe as an insurer rather than a
commodity.
Giesen said that there is a requirement for when the wind doesnt
blow and the sun doesnt shine.That is the opportunity right now for gasfred power, not for coal. There is nothing wrong with selling insurance.
In the past, power was not sold as insurance but as a commodity. In
the future, there will be a bigger insurance component but with good
money in it. Will it require infrastructure in some places? Yes, it will.
Nuclears role
The nuclear power industry in Europe may have stalled thanks to the
triple-whammy of the German Energiewende, delays to new plants in
France (Flamanville) and Finland (Olkiluoto), and Hinkley Point in the UK
facing being tied up in legal red tape, yet there was still a lively debate
at POWER-GEN Europe over the factors affecting its future.
Brian Allan, managing director of QSI Consultancy Group in the
United Arab Emirates, warned of the dangers of using new reactor
designs.
I have worked on projects in Finland and the UAE, and with project
execution there is not much difference in building a plant in the EU
and in the Middle East, he said. The real differences come down to
circumstances. Flamanville is a frst-of-a-kind plant and because of the
nature of that design, this is principally why thats gone three times over
budget and over time.
Allan said that in the UAE they have the beneft of their vendors
reference plants in Korea. These are lighter, smaller project units
compared to European Pressurized Reactors (EPR). Because there is a
reference plant, the UAE will get the beneft of the learning curve the
A Powerful
Investment
That Pays Off
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choice of vendor and unit are very important, but any frst-time owner
would be advised to look for a reference plant.
As if to highlight the pitfalls of gambling on a new, unproven design,
Jukka Laaksonen of Finlands Rusatom Overseas said the Finnish
experience with Olkiluoto was telling.
Prior to award the vendor said the design existed, but it was only a
principal design when they got the contract it took them two years to
be in a position to start the frst buildings, so the risk factor was lost. The
Improving access to your plant with rack and pinion

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French supplier had also never faced a real regulatory process.
Technology launches
As usual, the exhibition foor at POWER-GEN Europe acted as a launch
pad for many new products.
GE announced the initiation of a new software platform aimed at
increasing the reliability of power plants, MAN Diesel & Turbo unveiled
www.alimakhek.com
49
POWER-GEN Europe
its new line of two-stage turbocharged gas
biomass market: A high-frequency measuring
the companys latest advanced condition
engines, and
an
system that, for the frst time, is able to
monitoring. Its used to maximize the data
advanced gas engine oil, Mobil Pegasus 605
measure biomass just before it is processed
that the plant has in terms of predicting plant
Ultra 40.
so not in a laboratory but in a real-time
problems early.
ExxonMobil
launched
See page 58 for further details on all of
measurement.
these products.
Its a system that learns the history of
The common, known systems are all very
plant and that enables the operator to detect
OPRA chief executive Fredrik Mowill spoke
slow and the advantage of our system is
problems much earlier. The beneft of the
to Power Engineering International about
that we have the direct result while working
system is that is doesnt try and predict failures
updates to the companys OP16 gas turbine.
with the material you are able to adjust your
it uses the data and the references between
The new development on the combustion
process, he added. If you take samples and
the data, so that it leans what normal looks
side enables us to run on very low quality fuels,
take them to a laboratory, you only will have
like. And if there is a deviation from normal,
both in terms of the calorifc values and we are
results once you cannot change anything. It is
our system fags that up. So it can be a new
also able to handle very dirty fuels, he said.
impossible to process biomass in a good way
type of fault that youve never seen before.
Theo
Coolen,
managing
director
of
if you cannot measure it.
INADCO Moisture Measurement, outlined
And Adrian Smith, head of condition
what he called a breakthrough for the
monitoring at E.ON Technologies, explained
PROJECTS OF THE YEAR WINNERS REVEALED

The winners of the frst Power Engineering
by SolarReserve for its Jasper solar PV project
61 per cent, which is a new record for the
International EMEA Projects of the Year were
in South Africa. The runner up was London
50 Hz market. This makes Cengiz Enerji
revealed at a glittering awards ceremony at
Array, the worlds largest offshore wind farm,
Samsun the most effcient fossil fuel-fred
POWER-GEN Europe and Renewable Energy
located in the UK.
power plant not only in Turkey, but also in the
World Europe.
The award for Best Distributed Generation
entire 50 Hz power plant market at present.
The awards highlight the best in power
Project went to an on-site energy upgrade
Siemens supplied the power island for the
plant construction across Europe, the Middle
project carried out by NEM on behalf of
plant, consisting of a gas turbine, a steam
East and Africa.
Slibverwerking
turbine, generator, electrical system and
Noord-Brabant,
Europes
There were four awards categories. The
largest sewage sludge incineration plant. The
prize for best Large-scale Gas Turbine-based
runner up was Atoll Energys QuadriTherm
The company also supplied a Benson
Project was won by Cengiz Enerji for Samsun
combined heat and power initiative, based
heat recovery steam generator and the
combinedcycle
in France.
auxiliary and ancillary systems for the plant.
power
plant
in Turkey,
supplied and built by Siemens. The runner
Each nomination was judged by a panel
up was the 1500 MW Az-Zour North Power
of independent industry experts and based
Plant, owned by Kuwaits Ministry of Electricity
on
and involving principal contractor Alghanim
challenges
International.
capacity and community impact.
Best
Large-scale
Gas
technological
in
innovation,
developing
instrumentation and control system.
Cengiz was responsible for all construction

and installation work at the plant.
logistical
Cengiz Enerji Samsun is extremely fexible
project,
and is designed for 200 starts per year.
the
Engine-based
After a downtime of six hours, the plant can

power up to full load in less than 30 minutes.
Project went to IPP3 in Jordan, the worlds
Best gas turbine project
Furthermore, it can adapt its output by more
largest internal combustion engine power
The Cengiz Enerji Samsun combined-cycle
than 35 MW per minute to meet the changing
plant constructed by Wrtsil for owner
power plant was completed two months
power requirements.
Amman Asia Electric Power Company. The
ahead of its agreed deadline, in a record
runner up was Elerings Kiisa Emergency
construction time of only 23 months.
Reserve Plant in Estonia, the frst such plant

ever built in that country.
Best Renewable Energy Project was won
50
The Turkish power plant market demands

environmentally friendly power generating
With a gas turbine as its key component
units that are online quickly and reliably, and
and an installed capacity of 600 MW, the
the Cengiz Enerji Samsun plant is a blueprint
plant reaches an effciency level of around
for this energy strategy.
Brought to you by the most

formidable brands in the energy
business, POWER-GEN and the
Oil & Gas Journal.
AUGUST 18-20, 2015

GREATER COLUMBUS CONVENTION CENTER
COLUMBUS, OHIO
power-gennaturalgas.com
Introducing POWER-GEN Natural Gas, an annual

conference and exhibition targeting gas-red
generation related to the development of natural
gas reserves in the Marcellus and Utica shales of
the Appalachian Basin. Participate in this event and
join some of the top names in the energy industry
to discuss the issues surrounding technology,
operation, construction, and maintenance of gasred power and production from unconventional
hydrocarbon resources.
Preliminary Conference Tracks to Include:

POWER:
Large Frame Gas Turbines
Operations & Maintenance
Siting & Construction
Small Gas Turbine Applications
OIL & GAS:
Natural Gas Market Developments
Marcellus and Utica Project Proles
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PRESENTED BY:
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POWER-GEN Europe
Best gas engine project
The plant will start to use LNG-based
on operations and maintenance costs, with
IPP3 in Jordan is the worlds largest internal
natural gas later this year, as soon as it
45 per cent of the total project value being
combustion engine power plant.
becomes available.
local content spend.
Amman Asia Electric Power Company, it is
Best renewable project
economic development and creating new
powered by 38 Wrtsil multi-fuel engines
California-based
has
jobs, Jasper is now playing its part in helping
with a combined capacity of 573 MW.
developed the Jasper Solar Power Project,
South Africa meet its renewable energy
located near Kimberley in the Northern Cape
targets.
Located near Amman and owned by
IPP3 will be used for covering the sharp

daily peaks of electricity demand in Jordan.
In
SolarReserve
addition
to
stimulating
long-term
Province of South Africa.
Key features of its internal combustion engine
Featuring
photovoltaic
technology,
Best distributed generation project
technology are its capability for fast starting,
its gross capacity of 96 MW produces
Working
and ramping output up and down quickly
180,000 MWh of energy annually.
Slibverwerking
and effciently. By starting one engine at
the
project,
with
Noord-Brabant,
NEM, NV
Europes
largest sewage sludge incineration plant,
a time, the plant can follow demand very
includes over 325,000 individual solar panels,
upgraded its on-site energy system so that
precisely.
commenced in October 2013 and full
the facility is now virtually energy neutral a
commercial operation was achieved one
status unique in the industry.
have been in commercial operation since
of
partnership
which
IPP3 and its sister plant, the 250 MW IPP4,
Construction
in
year later.
late last year.
The original plant had a power capacity
Modules were supplied by Chinas Yingli
of about 450 kW. However, process analysis
According to data provided by the
Solar and are positioned on fxed-tilt, ground-
revealed that it would be feasible to generate
Jordanian grid operator NEPCO, their impact
mounted arrays spreading across a 358-acre
signifcantly more electricity, considering
on Jordans power grid has been remarkable.
(145-ha)
the energy available in the exhaust of the
Because the two engine plants have

covered most of the peak demand, large
site. Spains Iberdrola and South
African frm Group Five were the lead EPC/

O&M partners.
incinerators.
Thus, SNB made the decision to replace
gas turbine power plants on the grid have
The $260 million Jasper Power Project was
the existing system with two new 60 bar
been released from this task. As a result,
awarded under the South Africa Renewable
boilers provide by NEM and a Siemens steam
turbines now produce steady baseload,
Energy
turbine, with an overall output of 3.5 MW.
operating much more effciently and leading
Procurement
and
The two boilers generate steam from the
to signifcant savings in fuel, energy costs
included a fnancial investment from Google
residual heat released when the sludge is
and CO2 emissions.
Independent
Power
Programme
Producer
(REIPPPP)
its frst renewable energy investment in
incinerated. This steam drives a turbine that
In addition to operational fexibility, IPP3
South Africa. The project has a 20-year power
in turn generates suffcient electricity to cover
provides fuel fexibility. The tri-fuel plant can
purchase agreement with national utility
almost all of SNBs needs.
run on heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and natural
Eskom.
gas. Currently, heavy fuel oil is used due to a

shortage of natural gas.
During its 20+-year operating life, the

project will expend in excess of 150 million
The plant also produces low-pressure

steam that is used for pre-drying the sludge
and for reclaiming raw materials.
After
years
preparation,
NEM
technicians began assembling the boilers

at the SNB facility in September 2014. At the
projects peak 250 people were on-site.
A major challenge in the project was
the limited time allowed for the tie-in of the
two new boilers. The amount of incoming
sludge at the facility was such that the
plant essentially had to continuously stay in
operation, with only one incinerator allowed
to be stopped at any one time.
The replacement of the two boilers was
completed in an impressive 70 days.
52
Featuring:
PROVIDING
SOLUTIONS
& INNOVATION
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
19-21 APRIL
16
EXPOCENTRE, MOSCOW, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
INVITATION TO
PARTICIPATE
POWER-GEN Russia, featurning HydroVision Russia, provides an

ideal setting to explore business opportunities, meet new partners,
suppliers and the industrys most infuential decision-makers.
Featuring a busy exhibition foor with leading organisations from the
Russian and international energy sector, POWER-GEN Russia offers
excellent networking opportunities.
Accompanying the exhibition is a thought provoking conference
programme developed by practitioners from the industry, for
the industry.
SUBMIT AN ABSTRACT FOR THE CONFERENCE

DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSIONS 18 SEPTEMBER 2015
The Advisory board of POWER-GEN Russia are now accepting
abstracts for the 2016 conference. Why not apply your know-how
of business strategies and technological advances by submitting an
abstract and impart your knowledge alongside the leading decisionmakers in the industry.
For information on themes and topics and how to submit your
abstract, please visit www.powergen-russia.com.
Owned and Produced by:
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Project Update
GE secures gas turbine contract for Beijing Taiyanggong power plant
GE Power Generation Services has been
selected to provide long-term maintenance
services for two GE gas turbines at the Beijing
Taiyanggong power plant.
GE will upgrade and rebuild the turbine
combustion systems to become simpler, more
fuel fexible and reduce station emissions.
The work is part of a renegotiated
contractual service agreement (CSA) that
GE says will be a frst-of-a-kind service model
for Chinese utilities looking to reduce the
operational costs and environmental impact
of their existing power plants.
Cao Mansheng, director of Taiyanggong
power station, said: Signing this CSA with GE
makes strategic sense because it can help
ensure the reliable, effcient operation of our
facility over a longer period of time, helping us
GE will upgrade the dry low Nox (DLN)
said: We see this as an innovative service
to lower our operating costs as well as overall
burner system of two existing GE 9F.03 gas
model to deliver technology enhancements
emissions.
turbines from a DLN2.0+ to a DLN2.6+ system
in China as operators seek to overcome their
First built as part of the energy infrastructure
to enhance the power plants fuel fexibility
fuel-fexibility challenges and improve the
needed to support the 2008 Beijing Olympic
and also comply with government efforts to
environmental performance of their feets.
Games, the 780 MW facility is Chinas frst
reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions.
large-scale combined cooling, heating and

power plant.
The Beijing Taiyanggong overhaul marks
the frst CSA renegotiated project in China
We are committed to help operators both
For example, the combustion system
expand the varieties of gases that power
upgrades will help the Beijing Taiyanggong
plants are using and reduce the resulting
station eliminate its visible emissions during
emissions. Our DLN2.6+ combustion system
startups.
will boost the fnancial return for operators as
for GE, and the renegotiated multi-year
Yang Dan, vice president for GE Power
well by increasing the plants overall effciency
agreement will cover the plant until 2025.
Generation Products and Services in China,
Doosan Lentjes wins

fue gas deal for
Vietnam coal plant
Prysmian commissions German HVDC

offshore wind grid project
Prysmian Group has commissioned the high
Siemens HVDC Plus converter technology at
Doosan Lentjes has won a deal to provide its
voltage direct current offshore grid connection
the offshore platform and onshore stations.
fue gas desulphurization (FGD) technology
project HelWin2, located in the German North
Prysmian
for a new coal-fred power plant located in
Sea.
155 kV HVAC submarine cables, which
Vietnam.
The 1240 MW Vinh Tan1 plant is currently
under construction at a cost of $2 billion and
to reduce fuel costs.
Group
has
also
installed
the
HelWin2 now links the Amrumbank West
connect the converter platform HelWin Beta
offshore wind farm to an on-land converter
to the respective individual offshore wind farm
station in Bttel, north-west of Hamburg.
transformer platforms.
is expected to be commissioned in 2018.
Prysmian says that the 690 MW cable
In
addition, HelWin
Beta
has
been
Doosan Lentjes says its FGD technology will
making the connection is operating at the
connected to the neighbouring platform
remove sulphur dioxides from the plants fue
highest commercially available voltage of
HelWin Alpha via Prysmians Feltofex HV
gas, helping it to meet emissions standards.
320 kV DC, along a total route of 130 km
155 kV, a new generation of high voltage,
85 km underwater and 45 km on land.
rubber insulated cable systems that Prysmian
The contract includes engineering and

delivery of key FGD equipment such as spray
nozzles, spray banks and mist eliminators.
54
HelWin2
uses
extruded
HVDC
cable
technology from Prysmian together with
says is easy to lay even in the harshest climate

conditions.
21-23
JUNE 2016
MICO MILANO
MILAN, ITALY
EUROPE
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
SAVE THE DATE

Join us in Milan, for Europes largest exhibition and conference, connecting power industry professionals
for the past 24 years.
POWER-GEN Europe and Renewable Energy World Europe are essential events for power professionals, delivering:
Fully Comprehensive World-Class Conference Sessions across both events including. Keynote & Plenary Sessions
A vast exhibition floor containing many of the World leaders within the Power Industry
Connect with your fellow power industry peers from around the globe
Networking opportunities to gain further knowledge, experience and business contacts
For further information please visit www.powergeneurope.com
Owned and Produced by:
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Presented by:
Project Update
Alstom bags Brazil transmission deal and UK substation contracts
Alstom has been awarded a turnkey contract
worth around $110 million to integrate wind
farms into Brazils transmission grid. The wind
farms are located at the southernmost tip of
Brazil, in Rio Grande do Sul state.
The contract has been awarded by
Eletrosul Centrais Electricas and the project is
due for commercial operation in March 2018.
Alstom will lead a consortium to supply
two new substations and the extension of six
existing substations.
Srgio Gomes, Alstom Grids vice-president
in Latin America, said: The southern region of
Brazil has huge wind energy potential and will
now be able to fully optimize this alternative
energy, ultimately creating diversity in the
overall energy mix for over 30 million people.
Alstom has also won substation automation
All three projects are currently at various
the-art substation automation solution that
contracts for three of Dong Energys offshore
stages of development and all will feature
will help them manage intermittent power
wind farms in the UK.
Alstom Grids DS Agile, the companys next-
fows in a fexible manner. With increasingly
generation digital control system for smart
interconnected grids and electricity provided
substations.
from various sources, Alstoms leading edge
The systems will be ftted at the 580 MW

Race Bank project off the Norfolk Coast, the
660 MW Walney Extension in the Irish Sea and
Herv Amoss, Alstom Grid Substation
substation automation system will help to
the 258 MW Burbo Bank Extension in Liverpool
Automation Solutions vice-president, said:
better, and effciently, bring the power to shore
Bay.
Alstom is offering Dong Energy a state-of-
and into the local grid.
Hamon inaugurates cooling tower at Kozienice in Poland

Hamon Polska has inaugurated the natural
with a fue gas injection system, fabricated by
civil, mechanical and thermal works as well as
draft
another Hamon Group company, ACS.
the internal and external fue gas ducts and
concrete
cooling
tower
shell
of
Kozienice power plant in Poland. Located

85
km
from
Warsaw, Kozienice
is
Hamons scope at Kozienice includes the
components.
the
countrys second largest power plant. A new

1075 MW block is currently being built to
support Polands growing electricity needs
and, once operational, the plant will become
Europes biggest coal-fred power unit and
the most modern one with supercritical
parameters.
In 2013, Hamon won an order for the
natural draft cooling towers as well as for two
electrostatic precipitators. At 185 metres high
and with a 133.8 metre base diameter, the
natural draft cooling tower is one of the tallest
ever built in Europe. It has been designed for a
fow of 100,340 m per hour and is equipped
56
LARGE SCALE
RENEWABLES TRACK
UTILITY INTEGRATION TRACK
Covers baseload and multimegawatt-scale renewable energy

projects, policies and applications
Covers permitting, regulation,

interconnection and other grid
impacts of renewable energy
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
RESOURCES (DER) TRACK
RENEWABLES IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD TRACK
Covers smaller commercial and

behind-the-meter renewable
energy applications, technologies
and policies
Examines how renewable energy

is uniquely positioned to bring
electricity to the millions of
people worldwide who suffer
from energy poverty
HYBRID SOLUTIONS TRACK

Looks at how different energy generation technologies
work together with a major focus on energy storage
Renewable Energy World Conference & Exhibition North America 2015

December 8-10, 2015 / Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
www.renewableenergyworld-events.com
Owned & Produced by:
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Media Sponsor:
Technology Update
Areva unveils robot for nuclear power plants
Areva has delivered the frst in a new
interventions, and Areva says its work can
generation of robots designed to be used in
be executed without necessarily requiring
nuclear power plants to the French Atomic
the presence of an operator an optional
Energy Commission.
guidance program allows the robot to fnd its
Called RIANA (Robot for Investigations and
own way and to work on a site autonomously.
Assessments of Nuclear Areas), the robot is
In the event of a signal loss, RIANA is
capable of operating in radioactive areas to
automatically guided back towards its last
map, take samples or measure radioactivity.
known location, whether being teleguided by
Areva calls RIANA the Swiss army knife of
an operator or operating autonomously.
nuclear robotics. It is a motorized platform

with
interchangeable
measurement
or
Areva says that RIANAs features make it an

ideal tool for supporting nuclear dismantling
sampling modules that can be adapted to
operations,
any operational situation.
operator presence is restricted or prohibited.
particularly
in
areas
where
Available with four-wheel or caterpillar track
According to Areva, the French Atomic
drives, it is also equipped with 3D and thermal
Energy Commission has already placed an
cameras to reconstitute its environment in
order for a second model equipped with
real time. It also has on-board laser detectors
additional functionalities. The frm added that
to negotiate its way around obstacles and
nuclear operators have also expressed an
position itself precisely within a confned
interest in the technology.
space.
Thierry Varet, technical director of Arevas
in sensitive nuclear areas, within confned
RIANAs human-machine interface is based
Dismantling & Services, said: RIANA provides
spaces or those affected by accidents, both in
on a technology which facilitates in-zone
a new range of services for interventions
day-to-day and emergency situations.
Shell says new gas turbine oil offers step-change in performance

Shell has launched a new gas turbine oil
performance
temperature
for money to the end customer in terms of
targeted at the UK market.
range; excessive aeration and foaming are
their asset protection, life-of and downtime
minimized; and water-separating properties
reduction.
The company says it has developed Shell

Turbo S4 in response to a shift away from coal
over
wide
reduce opportunities for corrosion.
He said that the oil has been produced
towards more gas-fred power and, within
Shells gas-to-liquid technology in lubricants
that shift, a preference for smaller yet more
was originally tested on the F1 race track with
powerful turbines.
Ferrari. Shell has used the knowledge and
Gone seem to be the days of the massive
technological experience drawn from testing
power station linked in to the grid now its
lubricants on complex Ferrari F1 engines
more bespoke small units for end users.
The use of these turbines results in more

stress being put on their oil.
Shell Turbo S4 is a range of lubricants made
from Shells gas-to-liquids technology.
The base oil in the Shell Turbo S4 product
because in our experience in the UK, coal has

been diminishing.
designed for power and performance to
Drury said that smaller turbines with higher
develop oils to lubricate the turbines that bring
output put more stresses on the oil. Thats
energy to the UK.
where the key benefts of this product come in.
range has been produced from natural
Peter Drury, Shells Power Sector Manager,
gas at a molecular level and Shell says it is
told PEi: There is no other lubricant company
Its a step-change in performance and thats
a signifcantly more stable product than a
using this technology to produce this base oil.
He added that the shift in the UK power
conventional base oil.
The reason that it is so different is the molecular
market was about more smaller, compact
because of the gas-to-liquid element.
The company adds that, in tests, Shell
level: weve taken the gas apart and put it
end-users generating electricity for their own
Turbo S4 X32 proved to have a life span of
back together as a liquid, which is completely
needs and putting the excess back into the
10,000 hours twice the industry standard.
different from how you would usually produce
grid. We are seeing that in all sorts of areas
a base oil from crude oil.
other than the traditional coal- and gas-
It states that the benefts of using the

oil
index;
What that delivers is a much more refned
high demulsibility and air release; high
product that lasts longer and delivers value
58
include outstanding
viscosity
fred stations its in renewable energies as

well.
WWW.NUCLEARPOWERINTERNATIONAL.COM
ADVANCING CLEAN ENERGY
SAVE THE DATE

DECEMBER 810, 2015
LAS VEGAS CONVENTION CENTER - CENTRAL AND NORTH HALLS

LAS VEGAS, NEVADA
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& PRODUCED BY:
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N
Nuclear
energy remains a viable, clean and safe option for meeting
tthe global demands around the world. Advancing clean energy
ccontinues to be the main emphasis because of the benefits it
provides for our health, economy and environment.
p
Nuclear Power International provides the nuclear power industry the
N
perfect venue to gather, network and exchange information about
p
aadvancing clean energy in todays changing world.
SUPPORTED BY:
Technology Update
ExxonMobil launches advanced gas engine oil
ExxonMobil has launched a new advanced
gas engine oil, Mobil Pegasus 605 Ultra 40.
Developed
in
response
to
Jarmo Vihersalo, marketing manager, said
has been shown to double the oil drain
the new product arose from recent growth in
interval.
growing
landfll- and biogas-fuelled engines, across
Testing is frst performed in ExxonMobils
demand for engines running on biomass
Europe but especially in the UK, Germany and
test facility in the US, which is not the standard
and landfll gas, the new oil was formulated
greenhouses in the Netherlands.
in the industry, Glow said, because most oil
to extend oil drain intervals as well as optimize
According to Glow, the product contains
companies do not have purpose-built testing
new and more powerful additives and a newly
facilities. ExxonMobils contain engines from
Oliver Glow, equipment builder engineer,
formulated base oil, both aimed at reducing
several different manufacturers.
said the two- to three-year development
engine deposits and halving the need for
process
maintenance.
engine performance.
for
the
new
product
included
consultations with engine manufacturers and
The
Vihersalo said another important aspect

of ExxonMobils product is training for the
customer on how to change oils correctly.
their customers to determine both technology
collaborative one, with engine manufacturers
development
process
is
There is always a risk that you can do
and quality needs. Most are looking for
giving specifcations as to the amount of
something wrong when working with engines,
economics, he said, in terms of longer engine
additives allowed (with too much, deposits will
he said, so we want to reduce the possibility
lifetime and improvements in total cost of
form). So the new additives are more powerful;
for safety hazards. The frm trains on how to
ownership which will both be affected by a
its about quality rather than quantity, said
handle oils oil is a chemical, he noted, and
longer oil drain time.
Glow. And in tests, he said, the new product
contamination to skin can be a health risk.
Siemens develops circuit breaker

monitoring system
Siemens has developed a new monitoring system for circuit-breakers in
medium-voltage switchgear.
In particular, Assetguard MVC monitors the operability of the circuitbreaker drive, which is often exposed to harsh ambient conditions and
yet rarely trips. Over time, the mechanical components can become
dirty and in the worst case scenario fail to work.
The monitoring system checks the reliability of the triggering system,
the effectiveness of the closed circuit and the condition of the primary
contacts.
If the measured values do not match the preset values, the system
signals the need for maintenance of a component such as a switch
or the drive. This allows more effcient planning of maintenance routes
and possible component replacement, making the switchgear more
reliable and preventing the expense of unscheduled intervention.
AC Resistive Only and Resistive/Reactive Loadbanks
DC Loadbanks
Siemens says that to simplify the installation and confguration

of the monitoring system, all functional components power
supply, data acquisition system and data memory, optical fbre
communication system and the web server for data visualization
are
designed
as
switchgear
cabinet
slide-in
module
and accommodated in a 19-inch (48 cm) housing.

Site Survey
Deliver
Install
Manage
The integrated data memory also records measured data before

the actual switching operation, analyzes the measurement curves and
Crestchic Limited, Second Avenue, Centrum 100, Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire DE14 2WF, UK
T: +44 (0)1283 531645 F: +44 (0)1283 510103 E: sales@crestchic.co.uk

UK, North America, Singapore,
Germany, Brazil, Netherlands
Baku, France and Dubai.
www.crestchic.co.uk
compares characteristic points with the preconfgured limit values. If

these values are exceeded, the system sends an alarm to the control
centre where any maintenance activities that may be necessary are
initiated immediately.
60
Co-located with:
As part of ASEAN POWER WEEK
Conference & Exhibition

1 3 September 2015
IMPACT, Bangkok, Thailand
INVESTING IN A
SUSTAINABLE TOMORROW
ATTEND ASIAS PREMIER POWER EVENT
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Renewable Energy World Asia and the POWER-GEN Asia Financial
Forum, has become the leading force in delivering a platform for
the power industry to meet, share information on the challenges
facing the power industry and discuss solutions for advancing Asias
energy future.
We invite you to join us at POWER-GEN Asia to meet and network
with over 7,500 attendees from more than 65 countries across South
East Asia and around the world.
Gain access to over 50 Conference Sessions across 3 days,
including ALL 3 co-located events
Free entry to a world-class Exhibition Floor with both International
and local exhibitors
Hear from leading industry experts on Conventional Power,
Renewables & Power Finance
Multiple Networking events and sessions with over 7,500 industry
professionals from around the world
Arrange meetings with attendees using our free POWER-GEN
Connect Matchmaking service
JOINT OPENING KEYNOTE SESSION TUESDAY 1 SEPTEMBER 2015 - 9:00AM

EXHIBITION OPENING HOURS:
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Vice Minister of Energy,
Ministry of Energy, Thailand
Dr. Piyasvasti Amranand,

Chairman of the Boards,
PTT Plc, Thailand
Mr. Soonchai Kumnoonsate,

Governor of Electricity
Generating Authority of
Thailand, Thailand
Tuesday 1 September 10:30-18:00

Wednesday 2 September 10:00-18:00
Thursday 3 September 10:00-16:00
ATTEND THE EXHIBITION FOR FREE
REGISTER FOR ONE EVENT AND GAIN ACCESS TO ALL 3 CO-LOCATED EVENTS
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION AND TO REGISTER VISIT WWW.POWERGENASIA.COM
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Technology Update
MAN Diesel launches most powerful gas engine on market
MAN Diesel & Turbo unveiled its new line of
two-stage turbocharged gas engines at
POWER-GEN Europe in June.
Both of the companys gas engine models
35/44G and 51/60G are now also available
with two-stage turbochargers.
The 35/44G TS and the 51/60G TS are
spark ignited two-stage turbocharged gas
engines.The 35/44G TS is available in 12 V and
20 V-cylinder versions with mechanical outputs
Dr Tilman Ttken, vice-president at MAN
challenges to fexible plant operation. We offer
Diesel & Turbo, said the two-stage versions
operational qualities such as fast starts and
The 51/60G TS can be delivered as an
grant additional power and effciency and
stops and ramp-ups, which are necessary to
18-cylinder version with outputs of 18.9 MW
allow for a higher power density, and hence a
qualify for participation in regulated energy
and 20.7 MW. While the 18.9 MW aggregate
more compact plant design.
markets, e.g., balancing energy or capacity
of 7.4 MW and 12.4 MW.
reaches a mechanical effciency of more
He added: Our gas engines are ideally
than 50 per cent, MAN Diesel says that
suited to help plant operators master the
Thanks to optimized settings for combined
the 20.7 MW machine is the most powerful
requirements of todays transitioning energy
heat and power applications depending on
gas
markets,
the project total effciencies of above 90 per
engine
currently
market.
available
on
the
where
increasing
amounts
of
intermittent renewable energy pose new
markets.
cent can be reached.
Hamon, the smart choice in cooling and air quality systems

Hamon is a multinational Group
with over 100 years experience in
the design and supply of cooling
technologies and air quality systems
to the power industry, as well as
other energy intensive sectors.
Hamon engineers, manufactures,
delivers and erects all cooling
system types as well as dust, acid
gas and NOx removal systems.
Be smart, select Hamon
Hamon Headquarters
Rue Emile Francqui, 2
1435 Mont-St-Guibert - Belgium
Tel +32 10 39 05 00
info.hteb@hamon.com
Integrated
solutions
for a clean
environment
www.hamon.com
62
Technology Update
SEL launches microgrid control system solutions
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories (SEL)
dispatch,
has unveiled a new line of microgrid control
renewable integration and system resiliency.
system solutions.
The fast, deterministic controller can operate
SEL says that at the heart of its solution

is a powerful microgrid controller that is
carbon
footprint
minimization,
in as little as half a cycle, allowing it to reliably

balance load with available generation.
able to respond to external data, such as
Bob Morris, SEL vice-president of national
real-time pricing signals and fast-changing
operations, said: Microgrids have low inertia,
system dynamics. This capability enables the
which means they need relay-speed SEL
microgrid controller to optimize the system
microgrid controllers. SEL microgrid solutions
confguration based on the system users
combine
priorities and real-time data.
communications to provide high-performance
Priorities can be assigned to various

user-defned scenarios such as economic
dependable
computing
and
microgrid control, including adaptive relaying,

synchrophasors, and cybersecurity.
Ad Index
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JOHNSON CONTROLS (S) PTE LTD
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31
MAN DIESEL & TURBO SE
3
5
MAPNA INTERNATIONAL FZE
C4
BFI AUTOMATION
37
MEIDENSHA CORPORATION
23
CATERPILLAR ENERGY SOLUTIONS GMBH
C2
MERSEN
CHRIS MARINE
43
NEM ENERGY BV
35
CIRCOR ENERGY
17
NOOTER ERIKSEN
25
POWER-GEN EUROPE
55
59
RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD NA 2015
57
47
SIEMENS AG
13
61
SIEMENS AG
33
C3
SIPOS AKTORIK GMBH
41
39
TURBOMACH SA
29
21
18
BABCOCK POWER
CLARCOR INDUSTRIAL AIR

CMI ENERGY
CRESTCHIC LIMITED
DOOSAN SKODA POWER
ENVIRONMENT ONE CORP
46
11
60
15
44
NUCLEAR POWER IINTERNATIONAL 2015

POWER-GEN MIDDLE EAST
POWER-GEN ASIA
POWER-GEN INTERNATIONAL
PERKINS ENGINES COMPANY LTD
HAMON THERMAL EUROPE SA NV
27
POWER GEN NAT GAS 2015
51
UT99
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62
POWER-GEN RUSSIA 2016
53
WELLAND & TUXHORN AG
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63
Diary
September
October
Energy Storage Summit Japan

1112 November
Tokyo, Japan
http://enstor.messe-dus.co.jp/en/
energy_storage_summit_japan
POWER-GEN Asia
13 September
Bangkok, Thailand
www.powergenasia.com
POWER-GEN Middle East

46 October
Abu Dhabi, UAE
www.power-gen-middleeast.com
POWER-GEN Asia Financial Forum

13 September
Bangkok, Thailand
www.powergenasiafnance.com
International Conference on
Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems
48 October
Istanbul, Turkey
http://icenes2015.org
International Gas Turbine Congress

2015
1520 November
Tokyo, Japan
www.gtsj.org/english/igtc/
IGTC2015
RenewableUK
68 October
Liverpool, UK
www.renewableuk.com/en/events/
conferences-and-exhibitions/
renewableuk-2015
European Wind Energy Association

2015
1721 November 2015
Paris, France
www.ewea.org/annual2015
Cogeneration Days 2015

1314 October
Prague, Czech Republic
www.cogen.cz
2nd International Coal Conference

& Expo
2729 November
Dubai, UAE
http://icc.muet.edu.pk
Brazil Windpower 2015

13 September
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
www.brazilwindpower.com
44th Turbomachinery, 31st Pump
Symposia
1417 September
Houston, Texas, USA
www.pumpturbo.tamu.edu
International Conference on Power
and Renewable Energy
1516 September
Singapore
www.icpre.org
Husum Wind 2015
1518 September
Husum, Germany
www.husumwind.com
India Nuclear Energy 2015

1516 October
Mumbai, India
www.ubmindia.in/
indianuclearenergy/home
Ocean Energy Europe
2021 October
Dublin, Ireland
http://oceanenergy-europe.eu
December
POWER-GEN International
810 December
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
www.power-gen.com
Nuclear Power International
810 December
www.nuclearpowerinternational.com
November
9th Annual European Gas Summit
1718 September
Brussels, Belgium
www.platts.com/events/emea/
european-gas/index
4th Annual International
Symposium of Clean Coal
Technologies
2426 September
Xian, China
www.bitcongress.com/cct2015
64
The Energy Summit 2015

45 November
London, UK
www.economist.com/eventsconferences/emea/energysummit-2015
Nuclear Power Plant Life
Management & Extension
45 November
Paris, France
www.niauk.org/images/Events/
ENL1%20MKTG%20Agenda.pdf
International Solar Energy Society
Solar World Congress 2015
812 November
Daegu, South Korea
http://swc2015.org
COAL-GEN
810 December
www.coal-gen.com
January 2016
POWER-GEN Russia
46 March 2016
Moscow, Russian Federation
www.powergen-russia.com
POWER-GEN India & Central Asia
1921 May 2016
New Delhi, India
www.power-genindia.com

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POWER ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL

Project & Technology Update

Powering Asias energy future

We sort out the differences between state-of-the-art

As Asias thirst for power continues, we profle the recent

New life for older plants

The London Array turns two

The potential of plasma

How new technologies are enhancing the availability,

CFB scrubber vs spray dryer absorber

Adapting to the energy transition

Free Product Info

Power Engineering International July-August 2015

for more power in the recent years

Finance released fve predictions for the

would be quenched by a steady fow

global energy sector, and one was that

of coal-fred plants at the expense of clean

natural gas will NOT be the transition fuel

energy is steadily being proved wrong.

to wean the world off coal. Many developing

Yes, there are many coal projects in the

nations will opt for a twin-track of coal and

of fagship coal plants boasting the latest

This is certainly the case for some Asian

technology, but the region has also utilized

countries Vietnam is building new coal

plants while upgrading its hydropower plants.

During the last 10 years in developing

their frst renewable steps. Our article on page

Asia, more than 300 million people have

24 spotlights Mongolias frst wind farm and

been connected to electricity, ending a

highlights the huge wind potential of the

dependency on kerosene, frewood and

country that could be unlocked with the right

charcoal. In the same timeframe, around

Meanwhile, other countries are taking

$106bn has been invested in clean energy in

the Asia-Pacifc region almost half of the total

economies are embracing the latest gas-

fred technology. This in turn is providing an

For the frst time, governments and fnancial

invaluable business lifeline to many of Europes

feed-in-tariffs, renewable portfolio standards,

While it was always the case that European

concessional loans for clean energy projects

companies would look to do more business in

and other mechanisms to support clean

Asia, that has become an imperative in recent

years as European policymakers ponder and

The number of countries with clean energy

tinker with the future direction of the power

2006, only a handful had renewable energy

The gas-fred technologies of Europes

policies now 23 countries in the region have

OEMs are among the best in the world yet they

such policies in place.

are struggling to be deployed domestically

In June, the World Bank released fgures