NERVOUS RESPONSE:

RESPONSES OF THE

Phylum Annelida
Invertebrate
Fluid-filled chambers to maintain its structure
Closed circulatory system(many hearts-pump blood)
Hermaphrodites

Incomplete centralization and cephalization

Cephalization is accumulation of neural tissue in the

head/anterior end

Brain: Dorsal Ganglion found in the head

1. STIMULUS
AMPULLAE OF LORENZINI-electric fields,
salinity, temperature
BARORECEPTORS-pressure in blood
vessels
CHEMORECEPTORS-chemical stimuli

2. LOCATION
CUTANEOUS- sensory receptors found in
dermis/epidermis
Muscle spindles-have mechanoreceptors
that detect stretch in muscles

3. MORPHOLOGY
FREE NERVE ENDINGS- terminal branches
of neurons have no myelin sheath-found
throughout dermis/epidermis
ENCAPSULATED RECEPTORS- specialized
functioning

4. RATE OF ADAPTATION
TONIC RECEPTOR- receptor that adapts
slowly to stimulus
PHASIC RECEPTOR- adapts rapidly to
stimulus-ex. Pacinian corpuscle

1. TROPIC/TROPISM
Results in curvatures of whole plant
organs or single parts of the body of an
organism toward or away from a stimulus

2.
TAXIC/TAXIS
Automatic movement of the whole body of an
organism directed toward or away from a stimuli
More finely turned response to environmental
stimuli than a change in speed or turning of a
random movement
Efficient way of finding food or locating a mate

Positive
Attracts the organisms
Negative
Makes the organisms move away

METHODOLOGY

METHODS

PROCEDURE

METHODOLOGY

METHODS

PROCEDURE

MIDDLE
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR

XYLENE

STIMULI

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE

CONTACT

NEGATIVE THIGMOTAXIS

LIGHT

NEGATIVE PHOTOTAXIS

HEAT

NEGATIVE THERMOTAXIS

MOISTURE

POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS/
HYDROTAXIS

CHEMICAL

NEGATIVE CHEMOTAXIS

 Earthworms respond to a single stimulus with

a single, rapid withdrawal of the part
stimulated. This is often called the escape
response, reflecting the likely survival value
of the reflex. With repeated stimulation, the
response diminishes in magnitude and
eventually disappears.
Avoided contact but after continuous
exposure, it became insensitive from
pressure.

 It avoided the light source.

Earthworms do not have eyes. They contain
photosensitive cells scattered at the skin of
their bodies mostly at the head portion which
cause them to retreat from light.

 Like all coldblooded animals, earthworms

have shorter lives at higher environmental
temperatures, because the heat increases the
speed of their bodily functions. Heat-sensing
neurons in some earthworms enable them to
detect higher temperatures and slow down
body functions despite the heat so they can
live longer than they would otherwise.

 Earthworms thrive in soil with adequate

ventilation and drainage. Because they both
absorb and lose moisture through their skin,
the soil in which they live must be moist, but
not overly so.
It favors a moist environment.

 Earthworms lack lungs and noses, and they

do not smell or taste in the same way that
mammals do. They are, however, able to pick
up and respond to chemical signals in the air
through the use of chemoreceptors, which
enables it to detect chemical stimuli with its
entire body.

 Hallare, A.V.(2016). Student Handbook for

General Zoology, Part 2. Manila: UP Manila
Miller;Harley (2001). Zoology, 5th Edition. Form
and Function: A Comparative Perspective. The
McGraw-Hill Companies.